Pericardial effusion causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 16:13, 30 July 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.

Overview

The etiology of pericardial effusion could be classifed based on the composition of the effusion fluid into serous, bloody and chylous. Infections and inflammation usually cause serous effusion while bloody effusions are a result of any kind of trauma to the heart. Though iatrogenic causes and infections are the common etiologies, pericardial disease may also be a feature of other disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Aortic dissection or free wall rupture should also be considered in patients with unstable hemodynamics and pericardial effusion.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, aortic rupture, bacterial pericarditis, benign obstruction of thoracic duct, Cantu syndrome, capillary leak syndrome, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, dissecting aortic aneurysm, Dressler's syndrome, hypersensitivity pericarditis with eosinophilia, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, Kawasaki disease, myocardial rupture, pericarditis, [, heart surgery, fungal pericarditis, pyogenic pericarditis, rheumatic pericarditis, tuberculous pericarditis, uremic pericarditis, ventricular aneurysm, viral pericarditis
Chemical / poisoning	Asbestosis, scorpion sting
Dermatologic	Cantu syndrome, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia
Drug Side Effect	Anticoagulants, chemotherapy, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, hydralazine, isoniazid, minoxidil, penicillin, phenytoin, procainamide
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hypothyroidism, myxedema
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute pancreatitis, cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease
Genetic	Cantu syndrome, congenital disorders of glycosylation, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia
Hematologic	Coagulopathy, leukemia, lymphoma
Iatrogenic	Cardiac catheterization, dialysis, heart surgery, percutaneous interventional procedures, postpericardiotomy syndrome, radiation
Infectious Disease	Coccidiomycosis, fungal pericarditis, histoplasmosis, infection, legionella, mycobacterium tuberculosis, neisseria, pneumococci, pyogenic pericarditis, rheumatic fever, scrub typhus, staphylococci, streptococci, syphilis, tuberculous pericarditis, viral pericarditis, pneumonia
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Cantu syndrome, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	Malnutrition, congenital disorders of glycosylation
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Oncologic	Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium, leukemia, lung cancer
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Bronchogenic cyst, lung cancer, pneumonia
Renal / Electrolyte	Nephrotic Syndrome, renal failure, uremic pericarditis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Amyloidosis, breast cancer, collagen vascular disease, Dressler's syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic pericarditis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus ,
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Chest trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Hypoalbuminemia, idiopathic, radiation

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
 {{Pericardial effusion}}
 {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}; [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S.
-==Causes of Pericardial Effusion Based Upon Composition of Effusion==
-===Life Threatening Causes===
+==Overview==
-===Common Causes===
+The etiology of pericardial effusion could be classifed based on the composition of the effusion fluid into serous, bloody and chylous. Infections and inflammation usually cause serous effusion while bloody effusions are a result of any kind of trauma to the heart. Though iatrogenic causes and infections are the common etiologies, pericardial disease may also be a feature of other disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Aortic dissection or free wall rupture should also be considered in patients with unstable hemodynamics and pericardial effusion.
-=== Serous ===
+==Causes==
-* [[Acute pancreatitis]]
+===Life Threatening Causes===
-* [[Chemotherapeutics]]
-* [[Chronic disease]]
-* [[Cirrhosis]]
-* [[Congestive heart failure]]
-* [[Dressler's syndrome]]
-* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-* [[Hypothyroidism]]
-* [[Infection]]
-* [[Irradiation]]
-* [[Malnutrition]]
-* [[Nephrotic Syndrome]]
-=== Blood ===
+*[[Acute myocardial infarction]]
+*[[Aortic dissection]]
+*[[Aortic rupture]]
+*[[Myocardial rupture]]
+*[[Scorpion sting]]
+*[[uremia|Uremic pericarditis]]
+*[[Ventricular aneurysm]]
-* [[STEMI|Acute myocardial infarction]]
+===Common Causes===
-* [[Anticoagulants]]
-* [[chest trauma|Aortic rupture]]
-* [[Cardiac catheterization]]
-* [[Chemotherapeutics]]
-* [[Coagulopathy]]
-* [[Heart surgery]]
-* [[Neoplasm]]
-* [[Perforation]]
-* [[Trauma]]
-* [[Uremia]]
-=== Lymph or Chylous ===
+*[[Acute myocardial infarction]]
+*[[Aortic dissection]]
+*[[Aortic rupture]]
+*[[pericarditis|Bacterial pericarditis]]
+*[[Cardiac catheterization]]
+*[[Cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Chemotherapy]]
+*[[Chest trauma]]
+*[[Collagen vascular disease]]
+*[[Congestive heart failure]]
+*[[Dressler's syndrome]]
+*[[Neoplasm]]
+*[[Postpericardiotomy syndrome]]
+*[[radiation injury|Postirradiation]]
+*[[rheumatic fever|Rheumatic pericarditis]]
+*[[Tuberculous pericarditis]]
+*[[uremia|Uremic pericarditis]]
+*[[pericarditis|Viral pericarditis]]
-* Benign obstruction of [[thoracic duct]]
-* [[Idiopathic]]
-* [[Neoplasm]]
-=== Metastatic Tumor ===
-* [[Breast cancer]]
-* [[Leukemia]]
-* [[Lung cancer]]
-* [[Lymphoma]]
-* [[Pericarditis]]
-=== Miscellaneous ===
-* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
-* [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]
-=== Infectious===
-* [[Viral]]
-* [[Pyogenic]]
-* [[Tuberculosis | Tuberculous]]
-* [[Fungal]]
-* [[infection|Other infections]] ([[syphilitic]], [[protozoal]], [[parasitic]])
-* [[Pericarditis]]
-===Noninfectious===
-* [[Idiopathic]]
-* [[Uremia]]: [[Kidney failure]] with excessive blood levels of urea nitrogen
-* [[Heart surgery]]<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pericardial-effusion/HQ01198 Pericardial effusion:What are the symptoms?], Dr. Martha Grogan M.D.</ref>
-* [[Neoplasia]] that has spread to the [[pericardium]]
-* [[Acute myocardial infarction]]: [[Dressler's syndrome|Post myocardial infarction pericarditis]] ([[Dressler's syndrome]])
-* [[Radiation therapy|Postirradiation]]
-* [[Aortic dissection]] (with leakage into [[pericardial sac]])
-* [[Trauma]]
-* [[Sarcoidosis]]
-* [[Pericarditis]]
-===Hypersensitivity or Autoimmunity Related===
-*[[Amyloid]]
-*[[Collagen vascular disease]]
-*[[Drug-induced]]
-*[[Lupus]]
-*[[Pericarditis]]
-*[[Rheumatic fever]]
 ===Causes by Organ System===
 {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute myocardial infarction]], [[aortic dissection]], [[aortic rupture]], [[pericarditis|bacterial pericarditis]], [[thoracic duct|benign obstruction of thoracic duct]], [[capillary leak syndrome]], [[cardiomyopathy]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[constrictive pericarditis]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[dissecting aortic aneurysm]], [[dressler's syndrome]], [[pericarditis|hypersensitivity pericarditis with eosinophilia]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[myocardial rupture]], [[pericarditis]], [[ventricular aneurysm]], [[cantu syndrome]], [[hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia]], [[heart surgery]], [[pericarditis|fungal pericarditis]], [[pericarditis|pyogenic pericarditis]], [[tuberculous pericarditis]], [[pericarditis|viral pericarditis]], [[uremia|uremic pericarditis]], [[rheumatic fever|rheumatic pericarditis]]
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute myocardial infarction]], [[aortic dissection]], [[aortic rupture]], [[pericarditis|bacterial pericarditis]], [[thoracic duct|benign obstruction of thoracic duct]], [[Cantu syndrome]], [[capillary leak syndrome]], [[cardiomyopathy]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[constrictive pericarditis]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[dissecting aortic aneurysm]], [[Dressler's syndrome]], [[pericarditis|hypersensitivity pericarditis with eosinophilia]], [[hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[myocardial rupture]], [[pericarditis]], [, [[heart surgery]], [[pericarditis|fungal pericarditis]], [[pericarditis|pyogenic pericarditis]], [[rheumatic fever|rheumatic pericarditis]], [[tuberculous pericarditis]], [[uremia|uremic pericarditis]], [[ventricular aneurysm]], [[pericarditis|viral pericarditis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 99: / Line 56: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anticoagulants]], [[chemotherapy]], [[daunorubicin]], [[doxorubicin]], [[hydralazine]], [[isoniazid]], [[minoxidil]], [[penicillins]], [[phenytoin]], [[procainamide]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anticoagulants]], [[chemotherapy]], [[daunorubicin]], [[doxorubicin]], [[hydralazine]], [[isoniazid]], [[minoxidil]], [[penicillin]], [[phenytoin]], [[procainamide]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 115: / Line 72: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute pancreatitis]], [[cirrhosis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute pancreatitis]], [[cirrhosis]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 175: / Line 132: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[breast cancer]], [[collagen vascular disease]], [[rheumatic fever|rheumatic pericarditis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus ]], [[dressler's syndrome]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[breast cancer]], [[collagen vascular disease]], [[Dressler's syndrome]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[rheumatic fever|rheumatic pericarditis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus ]],
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 230: / Line 187: @@
 *[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
 *[[Dissecting aortic aneurysm]]
+{{ColBreak}}
 *[[Doxorubicin]]
 *[[Dressler's syndrome]]
@@ Line 242: / Line 200: @@
 *[[Idiopathic]]
 *[[Infection]]
+*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
 *[[Isoniazid]]
 *[[Kaposi sarcoma]]
-{{ColBreak}}
 *[[Kawasaki disease]]
 *[[Legionella]]
@@ Line 258: / Line 216: @@
 *[[Neisseria]]
 *[[cardiac tumors|Neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium]]
+{{ColBreak}}
 *[[Nephrotic Syndrome ]]
 *[[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]