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{{Coal worker's pneumoconiosis}}
{{Occupational lung disease}}
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==Overview==
Occupational lung disease may be caused by organic dust such as thermophilic and true [[fungi]], and [[bacteria]] and animal proteins, or by inorganic dust such as, [[Silicate|silicates]], carbons and metals, or by agents other than organic or inorganic dusts such as, chemicals, gases, fumes, vapors, and aerosols.
 
==Causes==
===Life-threatening Causes===
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
*Life-threatening causes of occupational lung disease include chemical gas inhalation such as [[chlorine]] or sarin gas.<ref name="pmid7310975">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goldman RH, Peters JM |title=The occupational and environmental health history |journal=JAMA |volume=246 |issue=24 |pages=2831–6 |year=1981 |pmid=7310975 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16645172">{{cite journal |vauthors=Banauch GI, Hall C, Weiden M, Cohen HW, Aldrich TK, Christodoulou V, Arcentales N, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ |title=Pulmonary function after exposure to the World Trade Center collapse in the New York City Fire Department |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=174 |issue=3 |pages=312–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16645172 |pmc=2648115 |doi=10.1164/rccm.200511-1736OC |url=}}</ref>
 
===Common Causes===
Common causes of occupational lung disease include:<ref name="pmid15640671">{{cite journal |vauthors=Banauch GI, Dhala A, Alleyne D, Alva R, Santhyadka G, Krasko A, Weiden M, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ |title=Bronchial hyperreactivity and other inhalation lung injuries in rescue/recovery workers after the World Trade Center collapse |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=33 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=S102–6 |year=2005 |pmid=15640671 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12226151">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prezant DJ, Weiden M, Banauch GI, McGuinness G, Rom WN, Aldrich TK, Kelly KJ |title=Cough and bronchial responsiveness in firefighters at the World Trade Center site |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=347 |issue=11 |pages=806–15 |year=2002 |pmid=12226151 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021300 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Silica]]
*[[Asbestos]]
*[[Beryllium]]
*Mica
*Portland cement
*Aluminum silicates
*[[Aluminium|Aluminum]]
*[[Cadmium]]
*[[Tungsten]]
*[[Titanium]]
*[[Cobalt]]
*[[Iron]]
*Coal dust
*[[Graphite]]
*Macropolyspora faeni
*Thermactinomyces vulgaris
*[[Thermoactinomyces sacchari]]
*[[Aspergillus]]
*Copper sulfate neutralized with hydrated lime
*Bird droppings
 
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of occupational lung disease include:<ref name="pmid24521110">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tarlo SM, Lemiere C |title=Occupational asthma |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=370 |issue=7 |pages=640–9 |year=2014 |pmid=24521110 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1301758 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18779187">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tarlo SM, Balmes J, Balkissoon R, Beach J, Beckett W, Bernstein D, Blanc PD, Brooks SM, Cowl CT, Daroowalla F, Harber P, Lemiere C, Liss GM, Pacheco KA, Redlich CA, Rowe B, Heitzer J |title=Diagnosis and management of work-related asthma: American College Of Chest Physicians Consensus Statement |journal=Chest |volume=134 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=1S–41S |year=2008 |pmid=18779187 |doi=10.1378/chest.08-0201 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Vinyl chloride]]
*[[Oxygen]]
*Nitrogen oxide
*[[Sulfur dioxide]]
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine gas]]
*[[Methyl isocyanate]]
*[[Zinc]]
*[[Copper]]
*[[Manganese]]
*[[Cadmium]]
*[[Iron]]
*[[Magnesium]]
*[[Nickel]]
*[[Selenium]]
*[[Tin]]
*[[Antimony]]
*Diphenylmethane diisocyanate
*Trimellitic anhydride
*[[Hydrocarbon|Hydrocarbons]]
*Thermosetting resins
*[[Toluene diisocyanate]]
*[[Talcosis|Talc]]
*[[Kaolinite|Kaolin]]
*Diacetyl
*[[Oxygen]]
*[[Mercury]]
*Oils
*Fats
*Pyrethrum
*Nepheline
*Diatomaceous earth
*Hematite
*Copper sulfate
*Cerium
*Scandium
*Yttrium
*Lanthanum
*Cryptostroma corticale
*[[Aureobasidium pullulans]]
*Penicillium species
*[[Bacillus subtilis]]
*[[Bacillus cereus]]
*Orlon
*Polyesters
*Nylon
*Acrylic
 
===Genetic Causes===
*Occupational lung disease may be triggered by a [[mutation]] in the following genes:<ref name="pmid18487431">{{cite journal |vauthors=Christiani DC, Mehta AJ, Yu CL |title=Genetic susceptibility to occupational exposures |journal=Occup Environ Med |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=430–6; quiz 436, 397 |year=2008 |pmid=18487431 |pmc=3815576 |doi=10.1136/oem.2007.033977 |url=}}</ref>
**[[MUC5B]] [[promoter]] polymorphism
***Has been identified as causing progression in interstitial lung fibrosis
**[[HLA-DPB1]]*0201 polymorphisms
***Associated with chronic [[berylliosis]], whilst [[HLA-DPB1]]*0401 gene is protective
***Single nucleotide polymorphism in the [[promoter]] region of [[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha|TNF-α]], the no.308 [[guanine]] to [[adenine]] transition, has been associated with [[beryllium]] sensitization transition to clinical disease
**NAT2 [[acetylation]]
***Associated with [[bladder cancer]] with exposure to benzine dyes
**[[Human leukocyte antigen|HLA]] class II genes such as [[HLA-DQB1]]*0503
***Associated with [[toluene diisocyanate]]-induced [[occupational asthma]]
**Polymorphisms in exons 3 of Tyr113His (C113T) and 4 His139Arg (G139A) of the mEH gene
***Associated with organic dust-induced chronic airways disease where the activity of microsomal [[epoxide hydrolase]] slows down
 
===Causes by Organ System===
 
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
|-
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |Orlon, polyesters, nylon, acrylic, [[vinyl chloride]], oxygen, nitrogen oxide, [[sulfur dioxide]], chlorine gas, methyl isocyanate, [[zinc]], [[copper]], [[manganese]], [[cadmium]], [[iron]], [[magnesium]], [[nickel]], [[brass]], [[selenium]], [[tin]], [[antimony]], diphenylmethane diisocyanate, trimellitic anhydride, [[hydrocarbons]], thermosetting resins, [[toluene diisocyanate]], [[oxygen]], [[mercury]], oils, fats and pyrethrum
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Macropolyspora faeni, thermactinomyces vulgaris, thermactinomyces sacchari, [[aspergillus]], cryptostroma corticale, [[aureobasidium pullulans]], penicillium, [[bacillus subtilis]], [[bacillus cereus]], bird droppings, nepheline, and diatomaceous earth
 
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Macropolyspora faeni, thermactinomyces vulgaris, thermactinomyces sacchari, [[aspergillus]], cryptostroma corticale, [[aureobasidium pullulans]], penicillium, [[bacillus subtilis]], [[bacillus cereus]], bird droppings, nepheline, and diatomaceous earth
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Coal dust, [[graphite]], [[tin]], [[aluminum]], [[cadmium]], [[tungsten]], [[titanium]], [[cobalt]], [[iron]], [[antimony]], hematite, mixed dusts of silver and iron oxide, copper sulfate neutralized with hydrated lime, cerium, scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
 
{{columns-list|
*Acrylic
*[[Aluminum]]
*Aluminum silicates
*[[Antimony]]
*[[Asbestos]]
*[[Aspergillus]]
*[[Aureobasidium pullulans]]
*[[Bacillus cereus]]
*[[Bacillus subtilis]]
*[[Beryllium]]
*[[Bird droppings]]
*[[Cadmium]]
*[[Cerium]]
*[[Chlorine gas]]
*Coal dust
*[[Cobalt]]
*[[Copper]]
*Copper sulfate neutralized with hydrated lime
*Cryptostroma corticale
*[[Diacetyl]]
*Diatomaceous earth
*Diphenylmethane diisocyanate
*[[Fats]]
*[[Graphite]]
*Hematite
*[[Hydrocarbon|Hydrocarbons]]
*[[Iron]]
*[[Kaolin]]
*[[Lanthanum carbonate|Lanthanum]]
*Macropolyspora faeni
*[[Magnesium]]
*[[Manganese]]
*[[Mercury (element)|Mercury]]
*[[Methyl isocyanate]]
*[[Micafungin|Mica]]
*Nepheline
*[[Nickel]]
*[[Nylon]]
*[[Oils]]
*[[Orlon]]
*[[Oxygen]]
*Penicillium
*Polyesters
*Portland cement
*[[Pyrethrum]]
*[[Scandium]]
*[[Selenium]]
*[[Silicon dioxide|Silica]]
*[[Sulfur dioxide]]
*[[Talcosis|Talc]]
*Thermactinomyces vulgaris
*[[Thermoactinomyces sacchari]]
*Thermosetting resins
*[[Tin]]
*[[Titanium]]
*[[Toluene diisocyanate]]
*Trimellitic anhydride
*[[Tungsten]]
*[[Vinyl chloride]]
*[[Yttrium]]
*[[Zinc]]
}}


==References==
==References==
Line 8: Line 284:
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Occupational diseases]]
[[Category:Occupational diseases]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Primary Care]]

Latest revision as of 22:11, 10 January 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

Occupational lung disease may be caused by organic dust such as thermophilic and true fungi, and bacteria and animal proteins, or by inorganic dust such as, silicates, carbons and metals, or by agents other than organic or inorganic dusts such as, chemicals, gases, fumes, vapors, and aerosols.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

  • Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
  • Life-threatening causes of occupational lung disease include chemical gas inhalation such as chlorine or sarin gas.[1][2]

Common Causes

Common causes of occupational lung disease include:[3][4]

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of occupational lung disease include:[5][6]

Genetic Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning Orlon, polyesters, nylon, acrylic, vinyl chloride, oxygen, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorine gas, methyl isocyanate, zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium, iron, magnesium, nickel, brass, selenium, tin, antimony, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, trimellitic anhydride, hydrocarbons, thermosetting resins, toluene diisocyanate, oxygen, mercury, oils, fats and pyrethrum
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental Macropolyspora faeni, thermactinomyces vulgaris, thermactinomyces sacchari, aspergillus, cryptostroma corticale, aureobasidium pullulans, penicillium, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bird droppings, nepheline, and diatomaceous earth
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Macropolyspora faeni, thermactinomyces vulgaris, thermactinomyces sacchari, aspergillus, cryptostroma corticale, aureobasidium pullulans, penicillium, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bird droppings, nepheline, and diatomaceous earth
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Coal dust, graphite, tin, aluminum, cadmium, tungsten, titanium, cobalt, iron, antimony, hematite, mixed dusts of silver and iron oxide, copper sulfate neutralized with hydrated lime, cerium, scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Goldman RH, Peters JM (1981). "The occupational and environmental health history". JAMA. 246 (24): 2831–6. PMID 7310975.
  2. ↑ Banauch GI, Hall C, Weiden M, Cohen HW, Aldrich TK, Christodoulou V, Arcentales N, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ (2006). "Pulmonary function after exposure to the World Trade Center collapse in the New York City Fire Department". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174 (3): 312–9. doi:10.1164/rccm.200511-1736OC. PMC 2648115. PMID 16645172.
  3. ↑ Banauch GI, Dhala A, Alleyne D, Alva R, Santhyadka G, Krasko A, Weiden M, Kelly KJ, Prezant DJ (2005). "Bronchial hyperreactivity and other inhalation lung injuries in rescue/recovery workers after the World Trade Center collapse". Crit. Care Med. 33 (1 Suppl): S102–6. PMID 15640671.
  4. ↑ Prezant DJ, Weiden M, Banauch GI, McGuinness G, Rom WN, Aldrich TK, Kelly KJ (2002). "Cough and bronchial responsiveness in firefighters at the World Trade Center site". N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (11): 806–15. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021300. PMID 12226151.
  5. ↑ Tarlo SM, Lemiere C (2014). "Occupational asthma". N. Engl. J. Med. 370 (7): 640–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1301758. PMID 24521110.
  6. ↑ Tarlo SM, Balmes J, Balkissoon R, Beach J, Beckett W, Bernstein D, Blanc PD, Brooks SM, Cowl CT, Daroowalla F, Harber P, Lemiere C, Liss GM, Pacheco KA, Redlich CA, Rowe B, Heitzer J (2008). "Diagnosis and management of work-related asthma: American College Of Chest Physicians Consensus Statement". Chest. 134 (3 Suppl): 1S–41S. doi:10.1378/chest.08-0201. PMID 18779187.
  7. ↑ Christiani DC, Mehta AJ, Yu CL (2008). "Genetic susceptibility to occupational exposures". Occup Environ Med. 65 (6): 430–6, quiz 436, 397. doi:10.1136/oem.2007.033977. PMC 3815576. PMID 18487431.
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