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{{Neuroblastoma}}
{{Neuroblastoma}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{ZAS}}{{HL}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
A detailed history of presenting [[symptoms]], [[family history]] and other associated [[Symptom|symptoms]] should be undertaken when evaluating a [[patient]] of neuroblastoma. General neuroblastoma symptoms include; [[fever]], [[irritability]], [[fatigue]], [[loss of appetite]] and [[weight loss]]. Other [[symptoms]] depending upon the [[anatomical]] location of neuroblastoma include [[abdominal pain]], [[distension]] and [[constipation]] ([[abdomen]]), [[Dyspnea|shortness of breath]], [[chronic cough]] & [[difficulty swallowing]] ([[posterior mediastinum]]), [[weakness]], [[numbness]], [[paralysis]] ([[retroperitoneum]]), visual defects, facial bruising ([[Head and neck anatomy|head & neck]]) and [[pallor]], [[bone pain]] ([[bone marrow]] [[Metastasis|metastases]]).
==History==
* A detailed history of presenting [[symptoms]] (duration, onset, progression), a thorough [[family history]] and a review of other other associated [[symptoms]] should be undertaken when evaluating a [[patient]] of neuroblastoma. When obtaining the history focus on possible associated [[Syndrome|syndromes]] as well, such as:<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Sidharth Mahapatra]] & [[Kishore B.. Challagundla]]
| title = Cancer, Neuroblastoma
| year = 2018
| month = January
| pmid = 28846355
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[John M. Maris]]
| title = Recent advances in neuroblastoma
| journal = [[The New England journal of medicine]]
| volume = 362
| issue = 23
| pages = 2202–2211
| year = 2010
| month = June
| doi = 10.1056/NEJMra0804577
| pmid = 20558371
}}</ref>
:* [[Neurofibromatosis type 1]] ([[von Recklinghausen disease]])
:* [[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]]
:* [[DiGeorge syndrome]]
:* [[Hirschsprung disease]]
:* Hutchinson syndrome
:* [[Pepper syndrome]]


==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==
The first symptoms of neuroblastoma are often vague and may include fatigue and loss of appetite. Later symptoms depend on tumor locationsIn the abdomen, a tumor may cause a swollen belly and constipation. A tumor in the chest may cause breathing problems. Tumors pressing on the spinal cord cause a feeling of weakness. A tumor in the head may cause the eyes to start to swell outwards and turn black due to the pressure from behind. Often because symptoms are so unclear, half of all neuroblastomas have already spread ([[metastasis|metastasized]]) to other parts of the body by the time suspicions are raised and a diagnosis is made.
* General [[symptoms]] of neuroblastoma include:<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[J. W. Duckett]] & [[C. E. Koop]]
| title = Neuroblastoma
| journal = [[The Urologic clinics of North America]]
| volume = 4
| issue = 2
| pages = 285–295
| year = 1977
| month = June
| pmid = 331618
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Nadja C. Colon]] & [[Dai H. Chung]]
| title = Neuroblastoma
| journal = [[Advances in pediatrics]]
| volume = 58
| issue = 1
| pages = 297–311
  | year = 2011
| month =
| doi = 10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.011
| pmid = 21736987
}}</ref>
:* [[Fever]]
:* [[Irritability]]
:* [[Fatigue]]
:* [[Loss of appetite]]
:* [[Weight loss]]
 
* However, the specific clinical presentation of neuroblastoma is determined by the exact [[anatomical]] location of the [[tumor]] such as:<ref name="O">Neuroblastoma Childhood: Symptoms and Signs. Cancer.net http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/neuroblastoma-childhood/symptoms-and-signs Accessed on October, 7 2015</ref><ref name="pmid21736987">{{cite journal| author=Colon NC, Chung DH| title=Neuroblastoma. | journal=Adv Pediatr | year= 2011 | volume= 58 | issue= 1 | pages= 297-311 | pmid=21736987 | doi=10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.011 | pmc=PMC3668791 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21736987  }} </ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Titilope A. Ishola]] & [[Dai H. Chung]]
| title = Neuroblastoma
| journal = [[Surgical oncology]]
| volume = 16
| issue = 3
| pages = 149–156
| year = 2007
| month = November
| doi = 10.1016/j.suronc.2007.09.005
| pmid = 17976976
}}</ref>
 
:* '''Abdominal neuroblastoma symptoms:'''
::* [[Abdominal pain]]
::* [[Abdominal distension]]
::* [[Constipation]]
 
:* '''Posterior mediastinum neuroblastoma symptoms:'''
::* [[Shortness of breath]]
::* [[Chronic cough]]
::* [[Difficulty swallowing]]
::* [[Difficulty breathing]]
 
:* '''Retroperitoneal neuroblastoma symptoms:'''
::* [[Weakness]]
::* [[Numbness]]
::* [[Paralysis]]
 
:* '''Head & neck neuroblastoma symptoms:'''
::* Visual defects
::* [[Facial]] [[bruising]]
::* [[Facial]] [[swelling]]
 
:* '''Metastatic neuroblastomas lesions located in the bone marrow symptoms:'''
::* [[Pallor]]
::* [[Bone pain]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 15:19, 6 March 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zahir Ali Shaikh, MD[2]Haytham Allaham, M.D. [3]

Overview

A detailed history of presenting symptoms, family history and other associated symptoms should be undertaken when evaluating a patient of neuroblastoma. General neuroblastoma symptoms include; fever, irritability, fatigue, loss of appetite and weight loss. Other symptoms depending upon the anatomical location of neuroblastoma include abdominal pain, distension and constipation (abdomen), shortness of breath, chronic cough & difficulty swallowing (posterior mediastinum), weakness, numbness, paralysis (retroperitoneum), visual defects, facial bruising (head & neck) and pallor, bone pain (bone marrow metastases).

History

  • A detailed history of presenting symptoms (duration, onset, progression), a thorough family history and a review of other other associated symptoms should be undertaken when evaluating a patient of neuroblastoma. When obtaining the history focus on possible associated syndromes as well, such as:[1][2]

Symptoms

  • However, the specific clinical presentation of neuroblastoma is determined by the exact anatomical location of the tumor such as:[5][6][7]
  • Abdominal neuroblastoma symptoms:
  • Posterior mediastinum neuroblastoma symptoms:
  • Retroperitoneal neuroblastoma symptoms:
  • Head & neck neuroblastoma symptoms:
  • Metastatic neuroblastomas lesions located in the bone marrow symptoms:

References

  1. Sidharth Mahapatra & Kishore B.. Challagundla (2018). "Cancer, Neuroblastoma". PMID 28846355. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. John M. Maris (2010). "Recent advances in neuroblastoma". The New England journal of medicine. 362 (23): 2202–2211. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0804577. PMID 20558371. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. J. W. Duckett & C. E. Koop (1977). "Neuroblastoma". The Urologic clinics of North America. 4 (2): 285–295. PMID 331618. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. Nadja C. Colon & Dai H. Chung (2011). "Neuroblastoma". Advances in pediatrics. 58 (1): 297–311. doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.011. PMID 21736987.
  5. Neuroblastoma Childhood: Symptoms and Signs. Cancer.net http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/neuroblastoma-childhood/symptoms-and-signs Accessed on October, 7 2015
  6. Colon NC, Chung DH (2011). "Neuroblastoma". Adv Pediatr. 58 (1): 297–311. doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.011. PMC 3668791. PMID 21736987.
  7. Titilope A. Ishola & Dai H. Chung (2007). "Neuroblastoma". Surgical oncology. 16 (3): 149–156. doi:10.1016/j.suronc.2007.09.005. PMID 17976976. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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