Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: Difference between revisions
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DiseasesDB = 1341 | | |||
ICD10 = {{ICD10|D|47|2|d|37}} | | |||
ICD9 = {{ICD9|273.1}} | | |||
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MeshID = D008998 | | |||
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{{Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance}} | {{Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance}} | ||
{{CMG}} [[User:Okamal|Omer Kamal, M.D.]] [Mailto:okamal@bidmc.harvard.edu| <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] | |||
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{{SK}} Benign monoclonal gammopathy; MGUS; monoclonal gammopathy, benign | {{SK}} Benign monoclonal gammopathy; MGUS; monoclonal gammopathy, benign | ||
Revision as of 16:40, 13 August 2018
| Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance | |
| ICD-10 | D47.2 |
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| ICD-9 | 273.1 |
| DiseasesDB | 1341 |
| MeSH | D008998 |
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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance Microchapters |
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Differentiating Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance |
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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in the news |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Omer Kamal, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Benign monoclonal gammopathy; MGUS; monoclonal gammopathy, benign
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) may be classified according to cytogenetic differences into subtypes/groups based on translocations. There is no established system for the staging of Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).
Pathophysiology
Pathologically, the lesion in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is in fact very similar to that in multiple myeloma. What causes monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to transform into multiple myeloma is as yet unknown.
Causes
The most common causes of Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance classification are genetic mutations in genes like cyclin D1, FGFR-3, MMSET, C-MAF, and MAFB.
Differentiating Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance from other Diseases
Several other illnesses can present with a monoclonal gammopathy, and the monoclonal protein may be the first discovery before a formal diagnosis is made like multiple myeloma, AIDS, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly splenic marginal zone lymphoma and lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma.
Epidemiology and Demographics
The incidence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is approximately 120 per 100,000 in men at age 50, and goes to 530 per 1000 by the age 90. Women, however, have 60 cases per 1000 at age 50 which goes upto 370 per 1000 at age 90. The prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is different in different populations.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance include African american race, age, male sex, family history, history of immunosuppression and exposure to pesticides.
Screening
There is no role of screening in patients for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Frequent complications of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance include fractures specially in lumbar vertebrae and thromboembolic phenomena. MGUS, is considered as a pre-malignant condition, and its transformation to multiple myeloma. However, as it mostly occurs in elderly, and its slow rate of progression, only a small proportion of people go on to develop a hematological malignancy. In patients with MGUS, although the actuarial risk of myeloma at 25 years of follow-up is 30%, the actual risk (when competing causes of death are taken into account) is only 11%.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies