Metabolic acidosis causes: Difference between revisions

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*Myopathy with deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase
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*[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
*[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]

Revision as of 07:02, 31 July 2013



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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body. There are several types of metabolic acidosis. The main causes are best grouped by their influence on the anion gap.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Low Anion Gap

Normal Anion Gap (Hyperchloremic Acidosis)

The mnemonic for the most common causes of a normal-anion gap metabolic acidosis is "DURHAM."

High Anion Gap

The mnemonic "MUDPILES" is used to remember the causes of a high anion gap.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Aortic arch interruption, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, shock, Fanconi-Albertini-Zellweger syndrome
Chemical / poisoning 1,2-Dibromoethane, 4-aminopyridine, aldicarb, ammonium bifluoride, ammonium chloride, aristolochic acid , borates, bromophos, carbaryl, chloralose, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, cleistanthus collinus, coumaphos, cyanides, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dinitrophenol, dioxathion, disulfoton, ethanol, ethion, ethylene glycol, fensulfothion, fenthion, glycol ether, glyphosate, imazapyr, iron compounds, malathion, margosa oil, metaldehyde, methanol, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, monochloroacetate, parathion, phenol, phosdrin, polyethylene glycol , profenofos, propoxur, propylene glycol, pyrimidifen, strychnine, terbufos, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, toluene, toxic mushrooms , triethylene Glycol, tungsten, salicylate poisoning, clove
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Abacavir, acetazolamide, amitriptyline, amlodipine, amoxapine, amphotericin B, aspirin, cholestyramine, clomipramine, clove, cocaine, desipramine, didanosine, doxepin, emtricitabine, felodipine , imipramine, isoniazid, isradipine, metformin, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, nifedipine, nimodipine, nitroprusside, nortriptyline, paracetamol, phenformin, protriptyline, salicylate poisoning, stavudine, trimipramine, malignant hyperpyrexia, malignant hyperthermia, Reye's syndrome
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Adrenal cortex insufficiency, diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, glucocorticoid resistance, hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma, hypoaldosteronism, VIPoma, lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, pseudohypoaldosteronism, 17- beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Acute liver failure, bacterial overgrowth of small intestine, biliary fistula, congenital chloride diarrhea, diarrhea, duodenal atresia, GI HCO3- loss, hepatic failure, intestinal fistulas, intestinal ischaemia, lactose intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, pancreatic fistula, VIPoma
Genetic 17- beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, 3 hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, biotinidase deficiency, coenzyme Q10 deficiency, cystinosis, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, Fanconi-Albertini-Zellweger syndrome, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, galactosemia, glucose transporter type 1 deficiency, glutaric aciduria, glutathione synthetase deficiency, glycerol kinase deficiency, glycogenosis, GRACILE syndrome, Hawkinsinuria, hepatocerebral form of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, holocarboxylase synthase deficiency, isovaleric acidaemia, lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, Lowe Syndrome, Lutz-Richner and Landolt syndrome, malignant hyperpyrexia, malignant hyperthermia, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, maple syrup urine disease, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, medullary cystic kidney disease, MELAS, MERRF, methylmalonic acidemia, microcephaly, Amish type, mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency, mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase deficiency, molybdenum cofactor deficiency, myopathy with deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase, nephronophthisis, phosphoglucomutase deficiency, propionic acidemia, propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, pseudohypoaldosteronism, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, Senior-Loken Syndrome, short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, succinyl-CoA acetoacetate transferase deficiency, succinyl-CoA synthetase deficiency, vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia, congenital chloride diarrhea, osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis
Hematologic Myeloma
Iatrogenic Hyperalimentation, Reye's Syndrome, short bowel syndrome, ureterosigmoidostomy, ureteral diversion, malignant hyperpyrexia, malignant hyperthermia
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, myopathy with deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase
Neurologic Leigh syndrome, Lowe Syndrome, microcephaly, Amish type
Nutritional / Metabolic Hyperkalaemia, hypoalbuminism, ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, organic acidemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma, 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, 3 hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, biotinidase deficiency, coenzyme Q10 deficiency, cystinosis, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, galactosemia, glutaric aciduria, glutathione synthetase deficiency, glycerol kinase deficiency, glycogenosis, Hawkinsinuria, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, holocarboxylase synthase deficiency, isovaleric acidaemia, long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, maple syrup urine disease, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, methylmalonic acidemia, mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency, molybdenum cofactor deficiency, myopathy with deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase, phosphoglucomutase deficiency, propionic acidemia, propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, succinyl-CoA acetoacetate transferase deficiency, succinyl-CoA synthetase deficiency, vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia, Leigh syndrome, Fanconi-Albertini-Zellweger syndrome, 17- beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Myeloma
Opthalmologic Lowe Syndrome, Senior-Loken Syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Abacavir, acetazolamide, amitriptyline, amlodipine, amoxapine, amphotericin B, aspirin, cholestyramine, clomipramine, clove, cocaine, desipramine, didanosine, doxepin, emtricitabine, felodipine , imipramine, isoniazid, isradipine, metformin, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, nifedipine, nimodipine, nitroprusside, nortriptyline, paracetamol, phenformin, protriptyline, salicylate poisoning, stavudine, trimipramine, malignant hyperpyrexia, malignant hyperthermia, Reye's syndrome
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte Acute renal failure, analgesic nephropathy syndrome, chronic interstitial nephritis, chronic renal failure, compensation in primary respiratory alkalosis, Lightwood Albright syndrome, renal HCO3- loss, Renal tubular acidosis, Lowe Syndrome, Senior-Loken Syndrome, hypoaldosteronism, medullary cystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis, Ureteral diversion, osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual 17- beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Ureteral diversion
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Cuffed blood sample, near-drowning, starvation

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

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