Metabolic acidosis causes: Difference between revisions
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===High Anion Gap=== | ===High Anion Gap=== | ||
The mnemonic "MUDPILES" is used to remember the causes of a high anion gap. | The mnemonic "MUDPILES" is used to remember the causes of a high anion gap. | ||
'''M''' - [[Methanol]]/[[Metformin]]<br /> | * '''M''' - [[Methanol]]/[[Metformin]]<br /> | ||
'''U''' - [[Uremia]]<br /> | * '''U''' - [[Uremia]]<br /> | ||
'''D''' - [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]<br /> | * '''D''' - [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]<br /> | ||
'''P''' - [[Paraldehyde]]/[[Propylene glycol]]<br /> | * '''P''' - [[Paraldehyde]]/[[Propylene glycol]]<br /> | ||
'''I''' - [[Infection]]/[[Ischemia]]/[[Isoniazid]]<br /> | * '''I''' - [[Infection]]/[[Ischemia]]/[[Isoniazid]]<br /> | ||
'''L''' - [[Lactate]]<br /> | * '''L''' - [[Lactate]]<br /> | ||
'''E''' - [[Ethylene glycol]]/[[Ethanol]]<br /> | * '''E''' - [[Ethylene glycol]]/[[Ethanol]]<br /> | ||
'''S''' - [[Salicylates]]/[[Starvation]] | * '''S''' - [[Salicylates]]/[[Starvation]] | ||
Some people, especially those not in the emergency room, find the mnemonic KIL-U easier to remember and also more useful clinically: | Some people, especially those not in the emergency room, find the mnemonic KIL-U easier to remember and also more useful clinically: |
Revision as of 15:10, 26 July 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Common Causes
Low Anion Gap
The mnemonic for low anion gap is "BAM".
- B - Bromism
- A - (Low) Albumin (hypoalbuminism)
- M - Multiple myeloma
Normal Anion Gap (Hyperchloremic Acidosis)
The mnemonic for the most common causes of a normal-anion gap metabolic acidosis is "DURHAM."
- D- Diarrhea
- M- Miscellaneous (congenital chloride diarrhea, amphotericin B, toluene - toluene causes high anion gap metabolic acidosis followed by normal anion gap metabolic acidosis.
High Anion Gap
The mnemonic "MUDPILES" is used to remember the causes of a high anion gap.
- M - Methanol/Metformin
- U - Uremia
- D - Diabetic ketoacidosis
- P - Paraldehyde/Propylene glycol
- I - Infection/Ischemia/Isoniazid
- L - Lactate
- E - Ethylene glycol/Ethanol
- S - Salicylates/Starvation
Some people, especially those not in the emergency room, find the mnemonic KIL-U easier to remember and also more useful clinically:
K - Ketones
I - Ingestion
L - Lactic acid
U - Uremia
All of the components of "mudpiles" are also covered with the "KIL-U" device, with the bonus that these are things that can kill you.
Ketones: more straightforward than remembering diabetic ketosis and starvation ketosis, etc.
Ingestion: methanol, metformin, paraldehyde, propylene glycol, isoniazid, ethylene glycol, ethanol, and salicylates are covered by ingestion. These can be thought of as a single group: "ingestions" during the initial consideration, especially when not triaging a patient in the emergency room.
Lactate: including that caused by infection and shock
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order