Melena causes: Difference between revisions

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===Life Threatening Causes===
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
*[[Anthrax]]
*[[Ebola virus]]


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
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===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[mesenteric ischemia|mesenteric vascular occlusion]], [[vasculitis]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[arsenicals]], [[corrosive|caustic ingestion]], [[ethylene glycol]], [[mercury]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| Craniomandibular dermatodysostosis, [[Degos disease]], [[dermatomyositis]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]], [[vasculitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alendronate]], [[alosetron]], [[anticoagulants]], [[aspirin]], [[bevacizumab]], [[Bicalutamide]], [[Ceftibuten]], [[clopidogrel]], [[Cidofovir]], [[colchicine]], [[dicoumarol]], [[indomethacin]], [[iron|iron compounds]], [[melarsoprol]], [[Meropenem]], [[miltefosine]], [[Nilutamide]], [[NSAIDS]], [[Oxaprozin]], [[Pergolide]], [[phenprocoumon]], [[phenylbutazone]], [[potassium chloride]], [[quinidine]], [[sertraline]], [[tetracycline]], [[Tiagabine]], [[warfarin]], [[zinc]], ziv-aflibercept, [[Zonisamide]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carcinoid]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholic cirrhosis]], [[alcoholic fatty liver]], [[anal fissure]], [[angiodysplasia]], aortoenteric fistula, [[Banti's syndrome]], [[biliary atresia]], [[bowel ischemia]], [[bowel obstruction]], [[volvulus|bowel strangulation]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[portal vein thrombosis|chronic portal vein thrombosis]], coats plus syndrome, [[solitary rectal ulcer syndrome|colitis cystica profunda]], [[colitis]], [[diverticulosis|colonic diverticulosis]], [[colonic tubular adenomata]], [[colonic villous adenomata]], [[colonoscopy]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[Degos disease]], [[Dieulafoy's lesion|Dieulafoy's ulcer]], [[polypectomy|duodenal polypectomy]], [[duodenal ulcer]], duodenal webs, [[enteric duplication cysts|duplication cysts]], [[esophageal cancer]], [[esophageal cyst]], [[esophageal varices]], [[familial adenomatous polyposis]], [[Gardner syndrome]], [[gastric antral vascular ectasia]], [[Gastric cancer]], [[gastric polyps]], [[gastric ulcer]], [[gastric volvulus]], gastric webs, [[gastritis]], [[gastroduodenal ulcers]], gastrointestinal duplications, [[hemorrhoids]], [[hemobilia]], hepatic arterioportal fistula, [[intussusception]], [[liver cirrhosis]], [[Mallory-Weiss syndrome]], [[Mallory-Weiss tear]], [[Meckel's diverticulum]], [[Ménétrier's disease]], [[mesenteric ischemia|mesenteric vascular occlusion]], [[peptic ulcer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[pneumatosis intestinalis|pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis]], [[portal hypertension]], [[portal hypertensive gastropathy]], [[proctitis]], [[esophageal varices|ruptured esophageal varices]], [[solitary rectal ulcer syndrome]], [[stomach cancer]], [[gastritis|stress gastritis]], [[peptic ulcer|stress ulcer]], [[superior mesenteric artery|superior mesenteric artery occlusion]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[watermelon stomach]], [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Banti's syndrome]], [[carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency]], coats plus syndrome, [[Crohn's disease]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[familial adenomatous polyposis]], [[Gardner syndrome]], [[hepatorenal tyrosinemia]], [[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]], [[neurofibromatosis type I]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[pseudoxanthoma elasticum]], [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[coagulopathy|Blood clotting disorders]], [[carcinoid]], [[coagulopathy]], [[essential thrombocytosis]], [[hemophilia]], [[haemorrhagic disease of the newborn]], [[essential thrombocytosis|hemorrhagic thrombocythemia]], [[Henoch-Schoenlein purpura]], [[iron deficiency anemia]], [[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]], [[systemic mastocytosis]], [[thrombocytopenia]], [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[total parenteral nutrition|Parenteral nutrition-induced liver disease]], [[anastomosis|post-surgical anastomosis]], [[telangiectasia|radiation-induced telangiectasia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acanthocephaliasis]], [[ancylostoma duodenale]], [[angiostrongyliasis]], [[anthrax]], [[bacillary dysentery]], [[balantidiasis]], [[candida albicans]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[ebola virus]], [[entamoeba histolytica]], [[giardiasis]], [[helicobacter pylori]], [[herpes simplex virus]], [[Katayama fever ]], [[necator americanus|necator americanus (hookworm)]], [[parasites]], [[schistosoma mansoni]], [[strongyloidiasis]], [[trichuriasis]], [[typhoid fever]], [[yellow fever]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| Craniomandibular dermatodysostosis, [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[pelvic fracture]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Degos disease]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], Labrune syndrome, [[neurofibromatosis type I]], [[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency]], [[hepatorenal tyrosinemia]], [[milk protein intolerance]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Choriocarcinoma]], [[endometriosis]], [[leiomyoma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenocarcinoma]], [[anal cancer]], [[blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome]], [[carcinoid]], [[cecum|cecal carcinoma]], [[choriocarcinoma]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[esophageal cancer]], [[familial adenomatous polyposis]], [[Gardner syndrome]], [[gastric cancer]], [[hemangioma]]s, [[kaposi sarcoma]], [[lipoma]], [[lymphoma]], [[malignancy]], [[melanoma]], [[neoplasm|mesenchymal neoplasm]], [[metastatic tumor]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[small bowel cancer]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[tumor|small bowel tumors]], [[stomach cancer]], [[systemic mastocytosis]], [[tumors]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| Coats plus syndrome
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Drug overdose]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[chronic renal failure]], craniomandibular dermatodysostosis, [[Henoch-Schoenlein purpura]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Crohn's disease]], [[dermatomyositis]], [[food allergy]], [[food allergy|food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)]], [[Henoch-Schoenlein purpura]], [[microscopic polyangiitis]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[systemic mastocytosis]], [[vasculitis]], [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Trauma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Foreign body]], swallowed maternal blood
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
Line 152: Line 153:
*[[Anthrax]]  
*[[Anthrax]]  
*[[Anticoagulants]]
*[[Anticoagulants]]
*[[Aortoenteric fistula]]
*Aortoenteric fistula
*[[Arsenic trioxide]]
*[[Arsenic trioxide]]
*[[Arsenicals]]  
*[[Arsenicals]]  
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*[[Bowel ischemia]]
*[[Bowel ischemia]]
*[[Bowel obstruction]]
*[[Bowel obstruction]]
*[[Bowel strangulation]]
*[[volvulus|Bowel strangulation]]
*[[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
*[[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
*[[Candida albicans]]
*[[Candida albicans]]
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*[[Carcinoid]]
*[[Carcinoid]]
*[[corrosive|Caustic ingestion]]
*[[corrosive|Caustic ingestion]]
*[[Cecal carcinoma]]
*[[cecum|Cecal carcinoma]]
*[[Ceftibuten]]
*[[Cholesterol embolism]]  
*[[Cholesterol embolism]]  
*[[Choriocarcinoma]]
*[[Choriocarcinoma]]
*[[portal vein thrombosis|Chronic portal vein thrombosis]]
*[[portal vein thrombosis|Chronic portal vein thrombosis]]
*[[Chronic renal failure]]
*[[Cidofovir]]
*[[Clopidogrel]]
*[[Clopidogrel]]
*[[Coagulopathy]]
*[[Coagulopathy]]
Line 180: Line 184:
*[[Colchicine]]  
*[[Colchicine]]  
*[[Colitis]]
*[[Colitis]]
*[[Colitis cystica profunda]]
*[[solitary rectal ulcer syndrome|Colitis cystica profunda]]
*[[diverticulosis|Colonic diverticulosis]]
*[[diverticulosis|Colonic diverticulosis]]
*[[Colonic tubular adenomata]]
*[[Colonic tubular adenomata]]
*[[Colonic villous adenomata]]
*[[Colonic villous adenomata]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Colonoscopy]]
*[[Colonoscopy]]
*[[Colorectal cancer]]
*[[Colorectal cancer]]
*Craniomandibular dermatodysostosis
*Craniomandibular dermatodysostosis
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Crohn's disease]]
*[[Crohn's disease]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
Line 197: Line 201:
*[[polypectomy|Duodenal polypectomy]]
*[[polypectomy|Duodenal polypectomy]]
*[[Duodenal ulcer]]
*[[Duodenal ulcer]]
*[[Duodenal webs]]
*Duodenal webs
*[[mesenteric cyst|Duplication cysts]]  
*[[enteric duplication cysts|Duplication cysts]]  
*[[Ebola virus]]
*[[Ebola virus]]
*[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
*[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
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*[[Gastric ulcer]]  
*[[Gastric ulcer]]  
*[[Gastric volvulus]]
*[[Gastric volvulus]]
*[[Gastric webs]]
*Gastric webs
*[[Gastritis]]
*[[Gastritis]]
*[[Gastroduodenal ulcers]]
*[[Gastroduodenal ulcers]]
*[[Gastrointestinal duplications]]
*Gastrointestinal duplications
*[[Giardiasis]]
*[[Giardiasis]]
*[[Haemorrhoids]]
*[[Haemorrhoids]]
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*[[Hemobilia]]
*[[Hemobilia]]
*[[Hemophilia]]  
*[[Hemophilia]]  
*[[Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn]]
*[[Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn]]
*[[Hemorrhagic thrombocythemia]]
*[[essential thrombocytosis|Hemorrhagic thrombocythemia]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Henoch-Schoenlein purpura]]
*[[Henoch-Schoenlein purpura]]
*[[Hepatic arterioportal fistula]]
*Hepatic arterioportal fistula  
*[[Hepatorenal tyrosinemia]]
*[[Hepatorenal tyrosinemia]]
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]  
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]  
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Herpes simplex virus]]
*[[Herpes simplex virus]]
*[[Indomethacin]]
*[[Indomethacin]]
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*[[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]]  
*[[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]]  
*[[Katayama fever ]]  
*[[Katayama fever ]]  
*[[Labrune syndrome]]
*Labrune syndrome
*[[Leiomyoma]]
*[[Leiomyoma]]
*[[Lipoma]]
*[[Lipoma]]
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*[[Ménétrier's disease]]
*[[Ménétrier's disease]]
*[[Mercury]]
*[[Mercury]]
*[[Mesenchymal neoplasm]]
*[[neoplasm|Mesenchymal neoplasm]]
*[[Mesenteric vascular occlusion]]
*[[Mesenteric vascular occlusion]]
*[[Metastatic tumor]]  
*[[Metastatic tumor]]  
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*[[Milk protein intolerance]]  
*[[Milk protein intolerance]]  
*[[necator americanus|Necator americanus (hookworm)]]
*[[necator americanus|Necator americanus (hookworm)]]
*[[Neurofibromatosis type 1]]
*[[Neurofibromatosis type I]]
*[[Nilutamide]]
*[[NSAIDS]]
*[[NSAIDS]]
*[[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]]  
*[[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]]  
*[[Parenteral nutrition-induced liver disease]]
*[[Oxaprozin]]
*[[total parenteral nutrition|Parenteral nutrition-induced liver disease]]
*[[Pelvic fracture]]
*[[Pelvic fracture]]
*[[Peptic ulcer]]
*[[Peptic ulcer]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]  
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]  
*[[Phenprocoumon]]
*[[Phenprocoumon]]
*[[Phenylbutazone]]
*[[Phenylbutazone]]
*[[Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis]]
*[[pneumatosis intestinalis|Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
*[[Portal hypertension]]
*[[Portal hypertension]]
*[[Portal hypertensive gastropathy]]
*[[Portal hypertensive gastropathy]]
*[[Post-surgical anastomosis]]
*[[anastomosis|Post-surgical anastomosis]]
*[[Potassium chloride]]
*[[Potassium chloride]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Proctitis]]
*[[Proctitis]]
*[[Pseudoxanthoma elasticum]]  
*[[Pseudoxanthoma elasticum]]  
*[[Quinidine]]  
*[[Quinidine]]  
*[[Radiation-induced telangiectasia]]
*[[telangiectasia|Radiation-induced telangiectasia]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Chronic renal failure]]
*[[esophageal varices|Ruptured esophageal varices]]
*[[esophageal varices|Ruptured esophageal varices]]
*[[Schistosoma mansoni]]
*[[Schistosoma mansoni]]
*[[Small bowel cancer]]
*[[Small bowel cancer]]
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]
*[[Small bowel malignancy]]
*[[tumor|Small bowel tumors]]
*[[Small-bowel tumors]]
*[[Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome]]
*[[Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome]]
*[[Stomach cancer]]
*[[Stomach cancer]]
*[[Stress gastritis]]
*[[gastritis|Stress gastritis]]
*[[Stress ulcer]]
*[[peptic ulcer|Stress ulcer]]
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
*[[superior mesenteric artery|Superior mesenteric artery occlusion]]
*[[superior mesenteric artery|Superior mesenteric artery occlusion]]
*[[Swallowed maternal blood]]
*Swallowed maternal blood
*[[Systemic mastocytosis]]
*[[Systemic mastocytosis]]
*[[Tetracycline]]
*[[Tetracycline]]
*[[Thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Tiagabine]]
*[[Trauma]]  
*[[Trauma]]  
*[[Trichuriasis]]
*[[Trichuriasis]]
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*[[Yellow fever]]
*[[Yellow fever]]
*[[Zinc]]
*[[Zinc]]
*[[Ziv-aflibercept]]
*Ziv-aflibercept
*[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
*[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
 
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:primary care]]
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
{{WH}}
 
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 22:40, 29 July 2020

Melena Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

The most common cause of melena is peptic ulcer disease. Any other cause of bleeding from the upper gastro-intestinal tract, or even the ascending colon, can also cause melena. Melena may also be a sign of drug overdose if a patient is taking anti-coagulants, such as warfarin. A less serious, self-limiting case of melena can occur in newborns two to three days after delivery, due to swallowed maternal blood.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Cholesterol embolism, mesenteric vascular occlusion, vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning Arsenic trioxide, arsenicals, caustic ingestion, ethylene glycol, mercury
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Craniomandibular dermatodysostosis, Degos disease, dermatomyositis, hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, vasculitis
Drug Side Effect Alendronate, alosetron, anticoagulants, aspirin, bevacizumab, Bicalutamide, Ceftibuten, clopidogrel, Cidofovir, colchicine, dicoumarol, indomethacin, iron compounds, melarsoprol, Meropenem, miltefosine, Nilutamide, NSAIDS, Oxaprozin, Pergolide, phenprocoumon, phenylbutazone, potassium chloride, quinidine, sertraline, tetracycline, Tiagabine, warfarin, zinc, ziv-aflibercept, Zonisamide
Ear Nose Throat Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
Endocrine Carcinoid
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic fatty liver, anal fissure, angiodysplasia, aortoenteric fistula, Banti's syndrome, biliary atresia, bowel ischemia, bowel obstruction, bowel strangulation, Budd-Chiari syndrome, chronic portal vein thrombosis, coats plus syndrome, colitis cystica profunda, colitis, colonic diverticulosis, colonic tubular adenomata, colonic villous adenomata, colonoscopy, colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, Degos disease, Dieulafoy's ulcer, duodenal polypectomy, duodenal ulcer, duodenal webs, duplication cysts, esophageal cancer, esophageal cyst, esophageal varices, familial adenomatous polyposis, Gardner syndrome, gastric antral vascular ectasia, Gastric cancer, gastric polyps, gastric ulcer, gastric volvulus, gastric webs, gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, gastrointestinal duplications, hemorrhoids, hemobilia, hepatic arterioportal fistula, intussusception, liver cirrhosis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, Mallory-Weiss tear, Meckel's diverticulum, Ménétrier's disease, mesenteric vascular occlusion, peptic ulcer, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, portal hypertension, portal hypertensive gastropathy, proctitis, ruptured esophageal varices, solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, stomach cancer, stress gastritis, stress ulcer, superior mesenteric artery occlusion, ulcerative colitis, watermelon stomach, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Genetic Banti's syndrome, carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency, coats plus syndrome, Crohn's disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, Gardner syndrome, hepatorenal tyrosinemia, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Hematologic Blood clotting disorders, carcinoid, coagulopathy, essential thrombocytosis, hemophilia, haemorrhagic disease of the newborn, hemorrhagic thrombocythemia, Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, iron deficiency anemia, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, systemic mastocytosis, thrombocytopenia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Iatrogenic Parenteral nutrition-induced liver disease, post-surgical anastomosis, radiation-induced telangiectasia
Infectious Disease Acanthocephaliasis, ancylostoma duodenale, angiostrongyliasis, anthrax, bacillary dysentery, balantidiasis, candida albicans, cytomegalovirus, ebola virus, entamoeba histolytica, giardiasis, helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus, Katayama fever , necator americanus (hookworm), parasites, schistosoma mansoni, strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, typhoid fever, yellow fever
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Craniomandibular dermatodysostosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pelvic fracture
Neurologic Degos disease, hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Labrune syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
Nutritional/Metabolic Carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency, hepatorenal tyrosinemia, milk protein intolerance
Obstetric/Gynecologic Choriocarcinoma, endometriosis, leiomyoma
Oncologic Adenocarcinoma, anal cancer, blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, carcinoid, cecal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis, Gardner syndrome, gastric cancer, hemangiomas, kaposi sarcoma, lipoma, lymphoma, malignancy, melanoma, mesenchymal neoplasm, metastatic tumor, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, small bowel cancer, small bowel lymphoma, small bowel tumors, stomach cancer, systemic mastocytosis, tumors
Ophthalmologic Coats plus syndrome
Overdose/Toxicity Drug overdose
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Cholesterol embolism, chronic renal failure, craniomandibular dermatodysostosis, Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Crohn's disease, dermatomyositis, food allergy, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, microscopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic mastocytosis, vasculitis, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Foreign body, swallowed maternal blood

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

Template:WH Template:WS

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