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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Lymphangitis}}
{{Lymphangitis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{VR}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{VR}}{{VD}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
 
The etiology varies depending on the clinical form of lymphangitis. The most common causes of acute lymphangitis include [[group A streptococcus]], [[Staphylococcus aureus]], and [[Pasteurella multocida]]. The most common causes of chronic granulomatous lymphangitis include [[Sporotrichosis]], [[Nocardia infection|Nocardia brasiliensis]], [[Mycobacterium marinum]], and [[Brugia malayi|Brugia spp.]]
==Causes==
==Causes==
 
The etiology varies depending on the clincal form of lymphangitis. Causes of lymphangitis include:<ref name=harrison>lymphanitis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on October 12,2016</ref><ref name=lymphangitis>lymphanitis Mandell, GERALD L. "Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's." Principles and practice of infectious diseases 7 (1995) Accessed on October 12,2016</ref><ref name="pmid8480962">{{cite journal| author=Kostman JR, DiNubile MJ| title=Nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive but often unrecognized syndrome. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1993 | volume= 118 | issue= 11 | pages= 883-8 | pmid=8480962 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8480962  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15207306">{{cite journal| author=Wenner KA, Kenner JR| title=Anthrax. | journal=Dermatol Clin | year= 2004 | volume= 22 | issue= 3 | pages= 247-56, v | pmid=15207306 | doi=10.1016/j.det.2004.03.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15207306  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8930034">{{cite journal| author=Bruce DM, Heys SD, Eremin O| title=Lymphangitis carcinomatosa: a literature review. | journal=J R Coll Surg Edinb | year= 1996 | volume= 41 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-13 | pmid=8930034 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8930034  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15207306">{{cite journal| author=Wenner KA, Kenner JR| title=Anthrax. | journal=Dermatol Clin | year= 2004 | volume= 22 | issue= 3 | pages= 247-56, v | pmid=15207306 | doi=10.1016/j.det.2004.03.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15207306  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3046547">{{cite journal| author=Sands M, Brown R| title=Herpes simplex lymphangitis. Two cases and a review of the literature. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 1988 | volume= 148 | issue= 9 | pages= 2066-7 | pmid=3046547 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3046547  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24275729">{{cite journal| author=Lázaro MJ, López PM, Vall-Mayans M, Fernández BL, Rodríguez-Guardado A| title=A case of late-stage lymphogranuloma venereum in a woman in Europe. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2013 | volume= 40 | issue= 10 | pages= 792-3 | pmid=24275729 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000014 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24275729  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18325289">{{cite journal| author=de Sousa R, Duque L, Anes M, Poças J, Torgal J, Bacellar F et al.| title=Lymphangitis in a Portuguese patient infected with Rickettsia sibirica. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 529-30 | pmid=18325289 | doi=10.3201/eid1403.070680 | pmc=2570837 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18325289  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18094195">{{cite journal| author=Van Kruiningen HJ, Colombel JF| title=The forgotten role of lymphangitis in Crohn's disease. | journal=Gut | year= 2008 | volume= 57 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-4 | pmid=18094195 | doi=10.1136/gut.2007.123166 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18094195  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27308076">{{cite journal| author=Ergen ŞA, Tiken EE, Öksüz DÇ, Dinçbaş FÖ, Dervişoğlu S, Mandel NM et al.| title=The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Primary or Recurrent Desmoid Tumors and Long-Term Results. | journal=Balkan Med J | year= 2016 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 316-21 | pmid=27308076 | doi=10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.140560 | pmc=4898991 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27308076  }} </ref>
===Life Threatening Causes===
===Causes for lymphangitis due to infectious etiology are:===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
====Common causes of Acute Lymphangitis====
 
*[[Group A streptococcus]]  
===Common Causes===
*[[Contact dermatitis]]
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Streptococcus Group A]]
*[[Pasteurella multocida]]
 
====Common causes of Chronic Granulomatous Lymphangitis====
====Infectious causes====
*[[Sporothrix schenckii]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[Mycobacterium marinum]]
*[[Nocardia|Nocardia brasiliensis]],
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania braziliensis]]
*[[Francisella tularensis]]
====Causes of Filarial Lymphangitis====
*[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]
*[[Brugia malayi]]
*[[Brugia timori]]
*Brugia pseudomallei
====Less common causes of Acute Lymphangitis====
====Infectious causes====
*[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]
*[[Herpes simplex virus]]
*Ricettsia sibirica monogolotimonae
*Lymphogranuloma venerum
*[[Erysipelothrix]]
*[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]]
*[[Bacillus anthracis]]
*[[Fusobacterium nucleatum]]
*[[Peptostreptococcus]]
*[[Prevotellaceae|Prevotella]]
*[[Pseudomonas]]
*[[Rhodococcus equi]]
*[[Rickettsia|Rickettsia africae]]
*[[Rat-bite fever|Spirillum minus]]
====Less common causes of Chronic Granulomatous Lymphangitis====
====Infectious causes====
*[[Nocardia]]
*[[Nocardia|Nocardia asteroides]]
*[[Mycobacterium chelonae]]
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania guyanensis]]
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania major]]
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania mexicana]]
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania panamensis]]
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania tropica]]
*[[Leishmania]]
*[[Mycobacterium kansasii]]
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<ref name="pmid8317433">{{cite journal| author=Marshall JB| title=Tuberculosis of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 1993 | volume= 88 | issue= 7 | pages= 989-99 | pmid=8317433 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8317433  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9625110">{{cite journal| author=Horvath KD, Whelan RL| title=Intestinal tuberculosis: return of an old disease. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 1998 | volume= 93 | issue= 5 | pages= 692-6 | pmid=9625110 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.207_a.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9625110  }} </ref>
*[[Blastomyces dermatitidis]]
*[[Coccidioides immitis]]
*[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]
*[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]
*[[Botryomycosis]]
*[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
===Causes for lymphangitis due to non-infectious etiology===
*Lymphangitis carcinomatosa<ref name="pmid8930034">{{cite journal| author=Bruce DM, Heys SD, Eremin O| title=Lymphangitis carcinomatosa: a literature review. | journal=J R Coll Surg Edinb | year= 1996 | volume= 41 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-13 | pmid=8930034 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8930034  }} </ref>
*[[Crohn's disease]] <ref name="pmid24730532">{{cite journal| author=Van Kruiningen HJ, Hayes AW, Colombel JF| title=Granulomas obstruct lymphatics in all layers of the intestine in Crohn's disease. | journal=APMIS | year= 2014 | volume= 122 | issue= 11 | pages= 1125-9 | pmid=24730532 | doi=10.1111/apm.12268 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24730532  }} </ref>
*Radiation
*Venom of Scolopendra <ref name="pmid25478303">{{cite journal| author=Fenderson JL| title=Centipede envenomation: bringing the pain to Hawai'i and Pacific Islands. | journal=Hawaii J Med Public Health | year= 2014 | volume= 73 | issue= 11 Suppl 2 | pages= 41-3 | pmid=25478303 | doi= | pmc=4244901 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25478303  }} </ref>
*[[Sclerosing lymphangitis]]<ref name="pmid11493380">{{cite journal| author=Murphy MJ, Kogan B, Carlson JA| title=Granulomatous lymphangitis of the scrotum and penis. Report of a case and review of the literature of genital swelling with sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2001 | volume= 28 | issue= 8 | pages= 419-24 | pmid=11493380 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11493380  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14576679">{{cite journal| author=Rosen T, Hwong H| title=Sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2003 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 | pages= 916-8 | pmid=14576679 | doi=10.1067/S0190 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14576679  }} </ref>
*Tuberculin skin test<ref name="pmid6432121">{{cite journal| author=Morrison JB| title=Lymphangitis after tuberculin tests. | journal=Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) | year= 1984 | volume= 289 | issue= 6442 | pages= 413 | pmid=6432121 | doi= | pmc=1442414 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6432121  }} </ref>
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Contact dermatitis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Radiation]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aeromonas hydrophila]],  [[bacillus anthracis]],  [[blastomycosis]],  [[botryomycosis]],  [[brugia malayi]],  [[brugia timori]],  [[brugia]],  [[burkholderia pseudomallei]],  [[coccidioidomycosis]],  [[ehrlichia chaffeensis]],  [[ehrlichiosis]],  [[erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]],  [[erysipelothrix]],  [[filariasis]],  [[francisella tularensis]],  [[fusobacterium nucleatum]],  [[group A beta-hemolytic streptococci]],  [[herpes simplex virus]],  [[histoplasmosis]],  [[leishmania braziliensis]],  [[leishmania guyanensis]],  [[leishmania major]],  [[leishmania mexicana]],  [[leishmania panamensis]],  [[leishmania tropica]],  [[leishmania]],  [[leishmaniasis]],  [[mycobacterium chelonae]],  [[mycobacterium kansasii]],  [[mycobacterium marinum]],  [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]],  [[nocardia]],  [[nocardia asteroides]],  [[nocardia brasiliensis]],  [[pasteurella multocida]],  [[peptostreptococci]],  [[prevotella]],  [[pseudomonas]],  [[rat-bite fever]],  [[rhodococcus equi]],  [[rickettsia africae]],  [[rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae]],  [[spirillum minus]],  [[sporothrix schenckii]],  [[sporotrichosis]],  [[staphylococcus aureus]],  [[streptococcus pneumonia]],  [[streptococcus pyogenes]],  [[systemic mycoses]],  [[tularemia]],  [[wuchereria bancrofti]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aeromonas hydrophila]],  [[Bacillus anthracis]],  [[Blastomycosis]],  [[Botryomycosis]],  [[Brugia malayi]],  Brugia pseudomallei,    [[Brugia timori]],  [[Brugia malayi|brugia]],  [[burkholderia pseudomallei]],  [[coccidioidomycosis]],  [[ehrlichiosis|ehrlichia chaffeensis]],  [[ehrlichiosis]],  [[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]],  [[Erysipelothrix]],  [[Francisella tularensis]],  [[Fusobacterium nucleatum]],  [[Streptococcus pyogenes|group A beta-hemolytic streptococci]],  [[Herpes simplex virus]],  [[Histoplasmosis]],  [[Leishmania|Leishmania braziliensis]],  [[Leishmania|Leishmania guyanensis]],  [[Leishmania|Leishmania major]],  [[Leishmania|Leishmania mexicana]],  [[Leishmania|Leishmania panamensis]],  [[Leishmania|Leishmania tropica]],  [[Leishmania]],  [[Leishmaniasis]],  [[Mycobacterium chelonae]],  [[Mycobacterium kansasii]],  [[Mycobacterium marinum]],  [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]],  [[Nocardia]],  [[Nocardia|Nocardia asteroides]],  [[Nocardia|Nocardia brasiliensis]],  [[Pasteurella multocida]],  [[Peptostreptococcus]],  [[Prevotellaceae|prevotella]],  [[Pseudomonas]],  [[Rhodococcus equi]],  [[Rickettsia africae]],  [[Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae]],  [[Rat-bite fever|Spirillum minus]],  [[Sporothrix schenckii]],  [[Sporotrichosis]],  [[Staphylococcus aureus]],  [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]],  [[Streptococcus pyogenes]],  [[Wuchereria bancrofti]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Breast cancer]], [[lung cancer]],  [[lymphoma]],  [[pancreas cancer],  [[prostate cancer]],  [[stomach cancer]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  Lymphangitis carcinomatosa
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Contact dermatitis]],  [[tuberculin skin testing]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Contact dermatitis]],  [[tuberculin]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sclerosing lymphangitis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[lymphangitis|Sclerosing lymphangitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sclerosing lymphangitis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[lymphangitis|Sclerosing lymphangitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| Venom of Scolopendra
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Disease]] A
*[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]
*[[Disease]] B
*[[Bacillus anthracis]]
*[[Disease]] C
*[[Blastomycosis]]
*[[Disease]] ...
*[[Botryomycosis]]
*[[Brugia malayi|Brugia]]
*[[Brugia malayi]]
*[[Brugia timori]]
*[[Burkholderia pseudomallei]]
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
*[[Crohn's disease]]<ref name="pmid18094195">{{cite journal| author=Van Kruiningen HJ, Colombel JF| title=The forgotten role of lymphangitis in Crohn's disease. | journal=Gut | year= 2008 | volume= 57 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-4 | pmid=18094195 | doi=10.1136/gut.2007.123166 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18094195  }} </ref>
*[[Ehrlichiosis|Ehrlichia chaffeensis]]
*[[Ehrlichiosis]]
*[[Erysipelothrix]]
*[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]]
*[[Filariasis]]
*[[Francisella tularensis]]
*[[Fusobacterium nucleatum]]
*[[Streptococcus pyogenes|Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci]]
*[[Herpes simplex virus]]<ref name="pmid3046547">{{cite journal| author=Sands M, Brown R| title=Herpes simplex lymphangitis. Two cases and a review of the literature. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 1988 | volume= 148 | issue= 9 | pages= 2066-7 | pmid=3046547 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3046547  }} </ref>
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Disease]] P
*[[Histoplasmosis]]
*[[Disease]] Q
*[[Leishmania]]
*[[Disease]] R
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania braziliensis]]
*[[Disease]] ...
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania guyanensis]]
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania major ]]
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania mexicana ]]
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania panamensis]]
*[[Leishmania|Leishmania tropica]]
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
*Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
*[[Mycobacterium chelonae]]
*[[Mycobacterium kansasii]]
*[[Mycobacterium marinum]]
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis ]]
*[[Nocardia]]
*[[Nocardia|Nocardia asteroides]]
*[[Nocardia|Nocardia brasiliensis]]
*[[Pasteurella multocida]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Disease]] X
*[[Peptostreptococcus]]
*[[Disease]] Y
*[[Prevotellaceae|Prevotella]]
*[[Disease]] Z
*[[Pseudomonas ]]
*[[Rat-bite fever]]
*[[Rhodococcus equi]]
*[[Rickettsia|Rickettsia africae]]<ref name="pmid18325289">{{cite journal| author=de Sousa R, Duque L, Anes M, Poças J, Torgal J, Bacellar F et al.| title=Lymphangitis in a Portuguese patient infected with Rickettsia sibirica. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 529-30 | pmid=18325289 | doi=10.3201/eid1403.070680 | pmc=PMC2570837 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18325289  }} </ref>
*[[Rickettsia|Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae]]<ref name="pmid18325289">{{cite journal| author=de Sousa R, Duque L, Anes M, Poças J, Torgal J, Bacellar F et al.| title=Lymphangitis in a Portuguese patient infected with Rickettsia sibirica. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 529-30 | pmid=18325289 | doi=10.3201/eid1403.070680 | pmc=PMC2570837 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18325289  }} </ref>
*[[Lymphangitis|Sclerosing lymphangitis]]
*[[Rat-bite fever|Spirillum minus]]
*[[Sporothrix schenckii]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
*[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
*[[Tuberculin]]<ref name="pmid6432121">{{cite journal| author=Morrison JB| title=Lymphangitis after tuberculin tests. | journal=Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) | year= 1984 | volume= 289 | issue= 6442 | pages= 413 | pmid=6432121 | doi= | pmc=PMC1442414 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6432121  }} </ref>
*[[Tularemia]]
*Venom of Scolopendra
*[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]<ref name="pmid21470556">{{cite journal| author=Akogun OB, Akogun MK, Apake E, Kale OO| title=Rapid community identification, pain and distress associated with lymphoedema and adenolymphangitis due to lymphatic filariasis in resource-limited communities of North-eastern Nigeria. | journal=Acta Trop | year= 2011 | volume= 120 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= S62-8 | pmid=21470556 | doi=10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.03.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21470556  }} </ref>
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}


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{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}


[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Vascular medicine]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]

Latest revision as of 22:36, 29 July 2020

Lymphangitis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

The etiology varies depending on the clinical form of lymphangitis. The most common causes of acute lymphangitis include group A streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pasteurella multocida. The most common causes of chronic granulomatous lymphangitis include Sporotrichosis, Nocardia brasiliensis, Mycobacterium marinum, and Brugia spp.

Causes

The etiology varies depending on the clincal form of lymphangitis. Causes of lymphangitis include:[1][2][3][4][5][4][6][7][8][9][10]

Causes for lymphangitis due to infectious etiology are:

Common causes of Acute Lymphangitis

Common causes of Chronic Granulomatous Lymphangitis

Infectious causes

Causes of Filarial Lymphangitis

Less common causes of Acute Lymphangitis

Infectious causes

Less common causes of Chronic Granulomatous Lymphangitis

Infectious causes

Causes for lymphangitis due to non-infectious etiology

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Crohn's disease
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Radiation
Infectious Disease Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus anthracis, Blastomycosis, Botryomycosis, Brugia malayi, Brugia pseudomallei, Brugia timori, brugia, burkholderia pseudomallei, coccidioidomycosis, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichiosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Erysipelothrix, Francisella tularensis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Herpes simplex virus, Histoplasmosis, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania guyanensis, Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania panamensis, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania, Leishmaniasis, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nocardia, Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia brasiliensis, Pasteurella multocida, Peptostreptococcus, prevotella, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus equi, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae, Spirillum minus, Sporothrix schenckii, Sporotrichosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Wuchereria bancrofti
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Lymphangitis carcinomatosa
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Contact dermatitis, tuberculin
Sexual Sclerosing lymphangitis
Trauma Sclerosing lymphangitis
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Venom of Scolopendra

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ lymphanitis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on October 12,2016
  2. ↑ lymphanitis Mandell, GERALD L. "Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's." Principles and practice of infectious diseases 7 (1995) Accessed on October 12,2016
  3. ↑ Kostman JR, DiNubile MJ (1993). "Nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive but often unrecognized syndrome". Ann Intern Med. 118 (11): 883–8. PMID 8480962.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wenner KA, Kenner JR (2004). "Anthrax". Dermatol Clin. 22 (3): 247–56, v. doi:10.1016/j.det.2004.03.001. PMID 15207306.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bruce DM, Heys SD, Eremin O (1996). "Lymphangitis carcinomatosa: a literature review". J R Coll Surg Edinb. 41 (1): 7–13. PMID 8930034.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sands M, Brown R (1988). "Herpes simplex lymphangitis. Two cases and a review of the literature". Arch Intern Med. 148 (9): 2066–7. PMID 3046547.
  7. ↑ Lázaro MJ, López PM, Vall-Mayans M, Fernández BL, Rodríguez-Guardado A (2013). "A case of late-stage lymphogranuloma venereum in a woman in Europe". Sex Transm Dis. 40 (10): 792–3. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000014. PMID 24275729.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 de Sousa R, Duque L, Anes M, Poças J, Torgal J, Bacellar F; et al. (2008). "Lymphangitis in a Portuguese patient infected with Rickettsia sibirica". Emerg Infect Dis. 14 (3): 529–30. doi:10.3201/eid1403.070680. PMC 2570837. PMID 18325289.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Van Kruiningen HJ, Colombel JF (2008). "The forgotten role of lymphangitis in Crohn's disease". Gut. 57 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.123166. PMID 18094195.
  10. ↑ Ergen ŞA, Tiken EE, Öksüz DÇ, Dinçbaş FÖ, Dervişoğlu S, Mandel NM; et al. (2016). "The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Primary or Recurrent Desmoid Tumors and Long-Term Results". Balkan Med J. 33 (3): 316–21. doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.140560. PMC 4898991. PMID 27308076.
  11. ↑ Marshall JB (1993). "Tuberculosis of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum". Am J Gastroenterol. 88 (7): 989–99. PMID 8317433.
  12. ↑ Horvath KD, Whelan RL (1998). "Intestinal tuberculosis: return of an old disease". Am J Gastroenterol. 93 (5): 692–6. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.207_a.x. PMID 9625110.
  13. ↑ Van Kruiningen HJ, Hayes AW, Colombel JF (2014). "Granulomas obstruct lymphatics in all layers of the intestine in Crohn's disease". APMIS. 122 (11): 1125–9. doi:10.1111/apm.12268. PMID 24730532.
  14. ↑ Fenderson JL (2014). "Centipede envenomation: bringing the pain to Hawai'i and Pacific Islands". Hawaii J Med Public Health. 73 (11 Suppl 2): 41–3. PMC 4244901. PMID 25478303.
  15. ↑ Murphy MJ, Kogan B, Carlson JA (2001). "Granulomatous lymphangitis of the scrotum and penis. Report of a case and review of the literature of genital swelling with sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation". J Cutan Pathol. 28 (8): 419–24. PMID 11493380.
  16. ↑ Rosen T, Hwong H (2003). "Sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 49 (5): 916–8. doi:10.1067/S0190. PMID 14576679.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Morrison JB (1984). "Lymphangitis after tuberculin tests". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 289 (6442): 413. PMC 1442414. PMID 6432121.
  18. ↑ Akogun OB, Akogun MK, Apake E, Kale OO (2011). "Rapid community identification, pain and distress associated with lymphoedema and adenolymphangitis due to lymphatic filariasis in resource-limited communities of North-eastern Nigeria". Acta Trop. 120 Suppl 1: S62–8. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.03.008. PMID 21470556.

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References

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