Liver mass staging

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, there are 4 stages of malignant liver mass, based on 3 factors: tumor size, lymph node invasion, and metastasis. Each stage is assigned a letter and a number that designate T for tumor size, N for node invasion, and M for metastasis.[1]

Staging

  • The table below summarizes the staging system for malignant liver mass, based on 3 factors: tumor size, lymph node invasion, and metastasis.
TX Primary tumour cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumour
T1 A single tumour with no invasion into the blood vessels of the liver
T2 A single tumour with invasion into the blood vessels or multiple tumours, none more than 5 cm in size
T3a Multiple tumours, with any tumour larger than 5 cm
T3b The tumour has grown into either the portal or hepatic vein
T4 The tumour has grown into nearby organs (other than the gallbladder) or the tumour has grown into the layer of tissue that covers the organs in the abdomen (visceral peritoneum)

Lymph Node

NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
NX No regional lymph node metastasis
NX Regional lymph node metastasis

Distance Metastasis

M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis

References

  1. Assy N, Nasser G, Djibre A, Beniashvili Z, Elias S, Zidan J (2009). "Characteristics of common solid liver lesions and recommendations for diagnostic workup". World J. Gastroenterol. 15 (26): 3217–27. PMC 2710776. PMID 19598296.