Liver mass classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

Liver mass may be classified according to imaging features (hyperechoic vs. hypoechoic), histopathological origin (benign vs. malignant), and distribution (single/focal/solitary vs. multiple).[1]

Classification

Classification

A liver mass may be classified into several subtypes based on number of nodules, type of histopathology, and consistency.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liver mass
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on number of nodules
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Type of histopathology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Imaging/consistency
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Solitary
 
 
 
 
 
Multiple
 
Benign
 
 
 
Malignant
 
Simple
 
 
 
 
 
Cystic
 
  • WHO classification
WHO Classification of Liver Tumors
Benign Tumors Malignant Tumors
Epithelial Hepatocytes
  • Focal nodular hyperplasia
  • Hepatocellular adenoma
  • HCC
  • Fibrolamellar carcinoma
  • Hepatoblastoma
  • Carcinosarcoma
Biliary cells
  • Intrahepatic bileduct adenoma
  • Intrahepatic bileduct cystadenoma
  • Biliary papillomatosis
  • Cystadenocarcinoma
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
Non-Epithelial Mesenchymal
  • Hemangioma
  • Lymphangioma
  • Lymphangiomatosis
  • Angiomyolipoma
  • Infantile Hemangioma
  • Hemangioendothelioma
  • Primary lymphoma
  • Angiosarcoma
  • Epitheloid
  • Cystic
Classification of Hepatic Cysts
  • Simple cysts
  • Multiple cysts arising in the setting of polycystic liver disease (PCLD)
  • Parasitic cysts
  • Cystic tumors
    • Cystadenoma, cystadenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
  • Abscesses

The table below summarizes the classification of common liver masses according to histopathological origin.

Classification of liver mass
Benign Malignant
  • Hepatic hemangioma
  • Focal nodular hyperplasia
  • Hepatic adenoma
  • Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension
  • Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
  • Angiolipoma
  • Biliary cystadenoma
  • Regenerative nodules
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
  • Metastatic disease
  • Angiosarcoma
  • Cystadenocarcinoma
  • Primary lymphoma

References

  1. Mergo PJ, Ros PR. Benign Lesions of the Liver. In: The Radiologic Clinics of North America, 2, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1998. Vol 36, p.319.


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