Leptospirosis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Physical Examination Findings
Appearance of the Patient
- Patient present with irritability and restlessness.
Vital Signs
- Hypotension and circulatory collapse.
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
Skin
- Macular, maculopapular erythematous skin eruptions are seen in the face and trunk.
- Purpura due to thrombocytopenia.
HEENT
- Icteric sclera is seen in patients with icteric leptospirosis
- Conjunctival suffusion: a charecterestic finding seen in patients with anicteric leptosirosis. Usually bilaeral and involving palpebral conjunctiva.
- Conjunctival hemorrhages: may be unilateral or bilateral.
Neck
Lungs
- Crepitations common in basal regions
Heart
Abdomen
Genitourinary
Extremities
Neuromuscular
Signs of meningitis such as neck stiffness, nuchal rigidity are present.
Other signs include:
References
- ↑ Budihal, Suman Veerappa (2014). "Leptospirosis Diagnosis: Competancy of Various Laboratory Tests". JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2014/6593.3950. ISSN 2249-782X.
- ↑ BEESON PB, HANKEY DD (1952). "Leptospiral meningitis". AMA Arch Intern Med. 89 (4): 575–83. PMID 14902167.
- ↑ King SD, Urquhart AE (1975). "Laboratory investigations on four cases of leptospiral meningitis in Jamaica". West Indian Med J. 24 (4): 196–201. PMID 1224630.
- ↑ Silva MV, Camargo ED, Batista L, Vaz AJ, Ferreira AW, Barbosa PR (1996). "Application of anti-leptospira ELISA-IgM for the etiologic elucidation of meningitis". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 38 (2): 153–6. PMID 9071036.