Hydrocephalus causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun M.D., PhD.,Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Hydrocephalus is caused by impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, impaired CSF reabsorption, or excessive CSF production. Brain hemorrhage associated with premature birth is a common cause.

Causes

Common Causes

• Brain hemorrhage associated with premature birth

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Rupture of a vascular malformation, Venous thrombosis, Congenital rubella syndrome, Cerebral aneurysm, Cerebral arteriovenous malformation, Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, Cerebrovascular disease
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Congenital varicella syndrome
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	Balance disorder
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Fetal alcohol syndrome
Gastroenterologic	Mucopolysaccharidosis
Genetic	Achondroplasia, Aicardi syndrome, Alexander Disease, Aquaductal stenosis, Bickers-Adams syndrome, Dandy-Walker Malformation, Frontal lobe dementia, Huntington's Disease, Incomplete development of the Magendie or Luschka formamina, Pretzel Syndrome, Rupture of a vascular malformation, Tuberous sclerosis,Walker-Warburg syndrome, HEC syndrome, Pick's disease, Muscular dystrophy, Lissencephaly
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Empty Sella Syndrome, Prior posterior fossa surgery, Frontal Lobe Syndromes
Infectious Disease	Brain abscess, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Congenital rubella syndrome, Congenital toxoplasmosis, Congenital varicella syndrome, Cysticercosis, Mumps virus, Tuberculous meningitis,Encephalitis, Meningitis, Subdural empyema, TORCH infections
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Muscular dystrophy, Achondroplasia, Pretzel Syndrome
Neurologic	Alzheimer's Disease, Arachnoid cyst, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Brain herniation, Brain Stem Gliomas, Brain tumor, Cerebellar Infarction, Cerebral aneurysm, Cerebral arteriovenous malformation, Cerebral hypoxia, Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, Cerebrovascular disease, Chiasmal Syndrome, Choroid plexus papilloma, Colloid cyst, Colpocephaly, Craniopharyngioma, Craniostenoses, Encephalitis, Encephalocele,Ependymoma, Epidural hematoma,Glioblastoma Multiforme, Hydranencephaly, Hypothalamicglioma,Iniencephaly, Intracranial hemorrhage, Intraventricular hemorrhages, Lissencephaly, Medulloblastoma,Megalocephaly, Meningioma, Meningitis, Multiple cerebral infarctions, Oligodendroglioma, Parinaud's syndrome, Pineal gland cyst, Pinealoma, Pituitary Tumors, Porencephaly, Primary CNS Lymphoma,Pseudotumor cerebri, Schizencephaly, Spina bifida, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Subdural empyema, Subdural hematoma, Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, Syringomyelia, Epidural abscess, Pretzel Syndrome, Brain abscess, Congenital toxoplasmosis, Mucopolysaccharidosis, Astrocytoma, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection,Balance disorder
Nutritional / Metabolic	Spina bifida
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Astrocytoma, Brain Stem Gliomas, Brain tumor, Choroid plexus papilloma, Ependymoma,Glioblastoma Multiforme, Hypothalamic glioma, Medulloblastoma, Meningioma, Oligodendroglioma,Parinaud's syndrome, Pinealoma, Pituitary Tumors, Primary CNS Lymphoma, Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, Frontal Lobe Syndromes, Optic nerve glioma
Opthalmologic	Balance disorder, Optic nerve glioma, Congenital rubella syndrome, Congenital varicella syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Breech birth, Dementia pugilistica, Frontal Lobe Syndromes, Head trauma, Hematoma,Prematurity intraventricular hemorrhage, Shaken baby syndrome, Epidural hematoma, Subdural hematoma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic

Causes In Alphabetical Order

Abscess Achondroplasia Aicardi syndrome Alexander Disease Alzheimer's Disease Aquaductal stenosis Arachnoid cyst Arnold-Chiari Malformation Astrocytoma Bickers-Adams syndrome Brain abscess Brain herniation Brain Stem Gliomas Brain tumor Breech birth Cerebellar Infarction Cerebral aneurysm Cerebral arteriovenous malformation Cerebral hypoxia Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Cerebrovascular disease Chiasmal Syndrome Choroid plexus papilloma Colloid cyst Colpocephaly Congenital cytomegalovirus infection Congenital rubella syndrome Congenital toxoplasmosis Congenital varicella syndrome Craniopharyngioma Craniostenoses Cysticercosis Dandy-Walker Malformation Dementia pugilistica Empty Sella Syndrome Encephalitis Encephalocele Ependymoma Epidural abscess Epidural hematoma Fetal alcohol syndrome Frontal Lobe Syndromes Frontal lobe dementia Glioblastoma Multiforme Growth hormone deficiency Head trauma

HEC syndrome Hematoma Huntington's Disease Hydranencephaly Hypervitaminosis A Hypothalamic glioma Idiopathic Incomplete development of the Magendie or Luschka formamina Iniencephaly Intracranial hemorrhage Intraventricular hemorrhages Lissencephaly Macrocephaly Medulloblastoma Megalocephaly Meningioma Meningitis Mucopolysaccharidosis Multiple cerebral infarctions Mumps virus Muscular dystrophy Oligodendroglioma Optic nerve glioma Parinaud's syndrome Pick's disease Pineal gland cyst Pinealoma Pituitary Tumors Porencephaly Prematurity intraventricular hemorrhage Pretzel Syndrome Primary CNS lymphoma Prior posterior fossa surgery Pseudotumor cerebri Rupture of a vascular malformation Schizencephaly Shaken baby syndrome Spina bifida Subarachnoid hemorrhage Subdural empyema Subdural hematoma Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma Syringomyelia Tuberculous meningitis Tuberous sclerosis Venous thrombosis Walker-Warburg syndrome