Hospital-acquired pneumonia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Hospital-acquired pneumonia}} | {{Hospital-acquired pneumonia}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Pneumonia is a common illness in all parts of the world. It is a major cause of death among all age groups. Mortality from pneumonia generally decreases with age until late adulthood. Elderly individuals, however, are at particular risk for pneumonia and associated mortality. More cases of pneumonia occur during the winter months than during other times of the year. Pneumonia occurs more commonly in males than females, and more often in Blacks than Caucasians. Individuals with underlying illnesses such as [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]], [[tobacco smoking]], [[alcoholism]], or [[immunosuppression|immune system problems]] are at increased risk for pneumonia.<ref name=Almirall>Almirall J, Bolibar I, Balanzo X, Gonzalez CA. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A population-based case-control study.'' Eur Respir J.'' 1999;13:349. PMID 10065680</ref> These individuals are also more likely to have repeated episodes of pneumonia. People who are hospitalized for any reason are also at high risk for pneumonia. Following [[urinary tract infection]]s, this is the second common cause of [[nosocomial infection]]s, and its prevalence is 15-20% of the total number | Pneumonia is a common illness in all parts of the world. It is a major cause of death among all age groups. Mortality from pneumonia generally decreases with age until late adulthood. Elderly individuals, however, are at particular risk for pneumonia and associated mortality. More cases of pneumonia occur during the winter months than during other times of the year. Pneumonia occurs more commonly in males than females, and more often in Blacks than Caucasians. Individuals with underlying illnesses such as [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]], [[tobacco smoking]], [[alcoholism]], or [[immunosuppression|immune system problems]] are at increased risk for pneumonia.<ref name=Almirall>Almirall J, Bolibar I, Balanzo X, Gonzalez CA. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A population-based case-control study.'' Eur Respir J.'' 1999;13:349. PMID 10065680</ref> These individuals are also more likely to have repeated episodes of pneumonia. People who are hospitalized for any reason are also at high risk for pneumonia. Following [[urinary tract infection]]s, this is the second common cause of [[nosocomial infection]]s, and its prevalence is 15-20% of the total number | ||
Revision as of 16:33, 5 March 2013
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Hospital-acquired pneumonia Microchapters |
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Differentiating Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Pneumonia is a common illness in all parts of the world. It is a major cause of death among all age groups. Mortality from pneumonia generally decreases with age until late adulthood. Elderly individuals, however, are at particular risk for pneumonia and associated mortality. More cases of pneumonia occur during the winter months than during other times of the year. Pneumonia occurs more commonly in males than females, and more often in Blacks than Caucasians. Individuals with underlying illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, tobacco smoking, alcoholism, or immune system problems are at increased risk for pneumonia.[1] These individuals are also more likely to have repeated episodes of pneumonia. People who are hospitalized for any reason are also at high risk for pneumonia. Following urinary tract infections, this is the second common cause of nosocomial infections, and its prevalence is 15-20% of the total number
Epidemiology and Demographics
United states of America
- It is the seventh most common cause of death in the United States
- It causes around 500,000 hospitalizations and 65,000 deaths annually.
International
- It is a common illness in all parts of the world.
Age
- It is a major cause of death among all age groups.
- In children, the majority of deaths occur in the newborn period, with over two million worldwide deaths a year.
- In fact, the WHO estimates that one in three newborn infant deaths are due to pneumonia.[2]
- Mortality decreases with age until late adulthood; elderly individuals are particularly at risk for CAP and associated mortality.
Seasonal
- Common during winter months than during other times of the year.
Gender
- CAP occurs more commonly in males than females
Race
- More common in blacks than Caucasians.
Mortality
- Patients hospitalized with pneumonia have a mortality rate of 12-14%.
Special considerations
- Individuals with underlying illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, tobacco smoking, alcoholism, or immune system problems are at increased risk for pneumonia.[3]
References
- ↑ Almirall J, Bolibar I, Balanzo X, Gonzalez CA. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A population-based case-control study. Eur Respir J. 1999;13:349. PMID 10065680