Hospital-acquired pneumonia physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]

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Overview

Physical examination is important in diagnosing hospital-acquired pneumonia, finding include fever, tachypnea, rhonchi, crackles and wheezes. For ventilator-associated pneumonia, a deterioration in ventilator parameters such as, tachypnea, decreased tidal volume, increased minute ventilation, or decreased oxygen saturation could be the first indicators of a new onset ventilator-associated pneumonia.[1]

Physical Examination

Criteria for Tachypnea[2]
Age Breaths/min
< 2 months > 60
2-12 months > 50
1- 5 years > 40
> 5 years > 20

Vitals

Lungs

Palpation

  • Increased tactile fremitus

Percussion

  • Dullness on percussion

Auscultation

References

  1. Koenig, S. M.; Truwit, J. D. (2006). "Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 19 (4): 637–657. doi:10.1128/CMR.00051-05. ISSN 0893-8512.
  2. Russell, G. (2001). "Community acquired pneumonia". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 85 (6): 445–446. doi:10.1136/adc.85.6.445. ISSN 0003-9888.

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