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==Overview==
Hashimoto's thyroiditis may be caused by [[T cell|T cells]] and [[B cell|B cells]] auto-activation, [[genetic]] factors, and autoimmune antibodies against [[Thyrotropin receptor|thyrotropin receptors]].


==Overview==
==Causes==
==Causes==
Chronic thyroiditis or Hashimoto's disease is a common thyroid gland disorder. It can occur at any age, but is most often seen in middle-aged women. It is caused by a reaction of the immune system against the thyroid gland.
[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis|Hashimoto's thyroidit]]<nowiki/>is usually caused by:<ref name="pmid26361257">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ajjan RA, Weetman AP |title=The Pathogenesis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Further Developments in our Understanding |journal=Horm. Metab. Res. |volume=47 |issue=10 |pages=702–10 |year=2015 |pmid=26361257 |doi=10.1055/s-0035-1548832 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24434360">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caturegli P, De Remigis A, Rose NR |title=Hashimoto thyroiditis: clinical and diagnostic criteria |journal=Autoimmun Rev |volume=13 |issue=4-5 |pages=391–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24434360 |doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007 |url=}}</ref>
The disease begins slowly. It may take months or even years for the condition to be detected. Chronic thyroiditis is most common in women and people with a family history of thyroid disease. It affects between 0.1% and 5% of all adults in Western countries.
===Common Causes===
Hashimoto's disease may, in rare cases, be associated with other endocrine disorders caused by the immune system. Hashimoto's disease can occur with adrenal insufficiency and type 1 diabetes. In these cases, the condition is called [[type 2 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome]] (PGA II).
*Autoantibodies against [[thyroid peroxidase]] and [[thyroglobulin]]
Less commonly, Hashimoto's disease occurs as part of a condition called [[type 1 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome]] (PGA I), along with:
*Abnormalities in the [[suppressor T cells]] and [[Regulatory T cell|regulatory T cells]]
* [[Adrenal insufficiency]]
*HLA-B* 46:01, HLA-A* 02:07 and HLA-DRB4 involvement
* Fungal infections of the mouth and nails
 
* [[Hypoparathyroidism]]
===Less common cause===
*[[Immunomodulatory]] drugs (e.g, [[interferon-alpha]])
*[[Monoclonal antibodies]] that block [[CTLA-4]]
*[[Cancer]] [[vaccines]]
*[[MicroRNA|Micro RNA]] involvement
*[[Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome|Polyglandular Syndrome]]
 
For the factors involved in the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, please '''[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis risk factors|click here]].'''
 
==References==
==References==


{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
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[[Category:Thyroid disease]]
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[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 21:58, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Hashimoto's thyroiditis may be caused by T cells and B cells auto-activation, genetic factors, and autoimmune antibodies against thyrotropin receptors.

Causes

Hashimoto's thyroiditis usually caused by:[1][2]

Common Causes

Less common cause

For the factors involved in the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, please click here.

References

  1. Ajjan RA, Weetman AP (2015). "The Pathogenesis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Further Developments in our Understanding". Horm. Metab. Res. 47 (10): 702–10. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1548832. PMID 26361257.
  2. Caturegli P, De Remigis A, Rose NR (2014). "Hashimoto thyroiditis: clinical and diagnostic criteria". Autoimmun Rev. 13 (4–5): 391–7. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007. PMID 24434360.

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