Hashimoto's thyroiditis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The hallmark of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is hypothyroidism. A positive history of autoimmune diseases and certain drug use are suggestive of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The most common symptoms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis include fatigue, constipation, and cold intolerance.

History

Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis usually have the history of other autoimmune diseases and family history of autoimmune diseases. Occasionally, there might be a history of certain drug use like interferon-alpha and monoclonal antibodies.

Symptoms

In many cases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis usually results in hypothyroidism, although, in its acute phase, it can cause a transient hyperthyroidism thyrotoxic state known as hashitoxicosis. Hypothyroidism resulting from Hashimoto's thyroiditis can cause these symptoms:

Common Symptoms

• Fatigue
• Weight gain
• Constipation
• Cold intolerance
• Dry skin
• Depression
• Muscle aches
• Reduced exercise tolerance
• Menorrhagia or metrorrhagia

Organ-based Symptoms

There are several organs involved in the hypothyroidism associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The manifestation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is variable as a result of the extensive involvement of multiple organs. The organ-based manifestation are as follows:

Location	Symptoms
General	Fatigue Lethargy Cold intolerance Myxedema Weight gain Weight loss Migraines Puffy face
Localized symptoms	Enlarged neck or presence of goiter Dysphonia (from involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve) Dyspnea (from the compression of the trachea) Dysphagia (from impingement upon the esophagus) Small or shrunken thyroid gland (late in the disease)
Gastrointestinal system	Constipation
Skin and appendages	Dry skin Hair loss
Neuro-psychiatric system	Depression Difficulty concentrating or thinking Mania Memory loss Panic attacks
Reproductive system	Infertility Oligomenorrhea Menometrorrhagia
Musculoskeletal	Joint stiffness Muscle cramps

References

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