Erysipelas laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Laboratory tests are not usually performed for Erysipelas; physical examination is usually sufficient for diagnosis. However, certain laboratory tests may be performed on Erysipelas patients, including those used to confirm [[streptococcal]] infection. Erysipelas patients may display markers for [[inflammation]], such as [[leukocytosis]]. | |||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
Laboratory tests | Laboratory tests are not usually performed for Erysipelas; physical examination is usually sufficient for diagnosis. However, certain laboratory tests may be performed on Erysipelas patients, including those used to confirm [[streptococcal]] infection. An [[epidermal]] swab of affected region may provide samples of pathogenic [[streptococci]], including ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''. Erysipelas laboratory findings include identification tests to determine the exact species of [[streptococcal]] infection. | ||
===Culture=== | ===Culture=== | ||
* | *An [[epidermal]] swab of affected region may provide samples of pathogenic [[streptococci]], including ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''<ref name="pmid26866211">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, Stevens DL, Bryant AE |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=26866211 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Streptococci]] will usually be grown on agar media to produce β-[[hemolysis]] for subsequent identification and specification. | **[[Streptococci]] will usually be grown on agar media to produce β-[[hemolysis]] for subsequent identification and specification. | ||
**''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]] will display as smooth, white-grey domes surrounded by β-[[hemolysis]]. | **''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'' will display as smooth, white-grey domes surrounded by β-[[hemolysis]]. | ||
***They will be arranged in chain formation as [[Gram-positive]] [[cocci]] when examined microscopically. | ***They will be arranged in chain formation as [[Gram-positive]] [[cocci]] when examined microscopically. | ||
**[[Catalase]] testing will confirm that the isolates obtained through the culture swab represent [[streptococci]] infection. | |||
===Streptococcal Identification Tests=== | ===Streptococcal Identification Tests=== | ||
* | *Erysipelas laboratory findings include identification tests to determine the exact species of [[streptococcal]] infection. | ||
**The [[Lancefield]] [[antigen]] test will determine the specific [[antibodies]] produced by the β-[[hemolytic]] [[streptococcal]] infection, allowing classification into group A, B, C, or G ''[[streptococcus]]''. | |||
**The Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR) test is used to determine if the infection is ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'' by testing for confirmed presence of pyrrolidonyl [[aminopeptidase]] | |||
**[[Bacitracin]] susceptibility testing is used as a next subsequent measure of specifying the [[streptococcal]] strain when PYR test results are positive, separating ''[[Streptococcal pyogenes]]'' from other β-[[hemolytic]] strains. | |||
***Results of [[bacitracin]] sensitivity indicate positive ''[[Streptococcal pyogenes]]'' test results.<ref name="urlwww.cdc.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/streplab/downloads/general-methods-sections1-2.pdf |title=www.cdc.gov |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
===Evidence of Inflammation=== | |||
**Erysipelas patients may display markers for [[inflammation]], such as [[leukocytosis]]<ref name="pmid15581749">{{cite journal |vauthors=Musette P, Benichou J, Noblesse I, Hellot MF, Carvalho P, Young P, Levesque H, Courtois H, Caron F, Lauret P, Joly P |title=Determinants of severity for superficial cellutitis (erysipelas) of the leg: a retrospective study |journal=Eur. J. Intern. Med. |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=446–450 |year=2004 |pmid=15581749 |doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2004.06.010 |url=}}</ref>, determined by the following tests: | |||
***[[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] | |||
***[[C-reactive protein]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:41, 5 October 2016
|
Erysipelas Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Erysipelas laboratory findings On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Erysipelas laboratory findings |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Erysipelas laboratory findings |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Laboratory tests are not usually performed for Erysipelas; physical examination is usually sufficient for diagnosis. However, certain laboratory tests may be performed on Erysipelas patients, including those used to confirm streptococcal infection. Erysipelas patients may display markers for inflammation, such as leukocytosis.
Laboratory Findings
Laboratory tests are not usually performed for Erysipelas; physical examination is usually sufficient for diagnosis. However, certain laboratory tests may be performed on Erysipelas patients, including those used to confirm streptococcal infection. An epidermal swab of affected region may provide samples of pathogenic streptococci, including Streptococcus pyogenes. Erysipelas laboratory findings include identification tests to determine the exact species of streptococcal infection.
Culture
- An epidermal swab of affected region may provide samples of pathogenic streptococci, including Streptococcus pyogenes[1]
- Streptococci will usually be grown on agar media to produce β-hemolysis for subsequent identification and specification.
- Streptococcus pyogenes will display as smooth, white-grey domes surrounded by β-hemolysis.
- They will be arranged in chain formation as Gram-positive cocci when examined microscopically.
- Catalase testing will confirm that the isolates obtained through the culture swab represent streptococci infection.
Streptococcal Identification Tests
- Erysipelas laboratory findings include identification tests to determine the exact species of streptococcal infection.
- The Lancefield antigen test will determine the specific antibodies produced by the β-hemolytic streptococcal infection, allowing classification into group A, B, C, or G streptococcus.
- The Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR) test is used to determine if the infection is Streptococcus pyogenes by testing for confirmed presence of pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase
- Bacitracin susceptibility testing is used as a next subsequent measure of specifying the streptococcal strain when PYR test results are positive, separating Streptococcal pyogenes from other β-hemolytic strains.
- Results of bacitracin sensitivity indicate positive Streptococcal pyogenes test results.[2]
Evidence of Inflammation
- Erysipelas patients may display markers for inflammation, such as leukocytosis[3], determined by the following tests:
References
- ↑ Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, Stevens DL, Bryant AE. PMID 26866211. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "www.cdc.gov" (PDF).
- ↑ Musette P, Benichou J, Noblesse I, Hellot MF, Carvalho P, Young P, Levesque H, Courtois H, Caron F, Lauret P, Joly P (2004). "Determinants of severity for superficial cellutitis (erysipelas) of the leg: a retrospective study". Eur. J. Intern. Med. 15 (7): 446–450. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2004.06.010. PMID 15581749.