Ependymoma classification: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 9: Line 9:
*In the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors, ependymal tumors are classified into the following four main subtypes:<ref name=Luois>Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al., eds.: WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2007.</ref><ref name=Cancergove> Eoendymoma. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-ependymoma-treatment-pdq#section/_35 URL Accessed on 10 6 2015.</ref>
*In the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors, ependymal tumors are classified into the following four main subtypes:<ref name=Luois>Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al., eds.: WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2007.</ref><ref name=Cancergove> Eoendymoma. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-ependymoma-treatment-pdq#section/_35 URL Accessed on 10 6 2015.</ref>


:*Subependymoma (WHO grade I): A subependymoma is a slow-growing neoplasm, typically attached to the ventricle wall and is composed of [[Glial cell|glial tumor cell clusters]] embedded in a [[matrix|fibrillary matrix]].
:*Subependymoma (WHO grade I): a subependymoma is a slow-growing neoplasm, typically attached to the ventricle wall and is composed of [[Glial cell|glial tumor cell clusters]] embedded in a [[matrix|fibrillary matrix]].


:*Myxopapillary ependymoma (WHO grade I): A myxopapillary ependymoma arises almost exclusively in the location of the conus medullaris, cauda equina, and filum terminale of the spinal cord and is characterized histologically by tumor cells arranged in a papillary manner around vascularized myxoid stromal cores.
:*Myxopapillary ependymoma (WHO grade I): a myxopapillary ependymoma arises almost exclusively in the location of the conus medullaris, cauda equina, and filum terminale of the spinal cord and is characterized histologically by tumor cells arranged in a papillary manner around vascularized myxoid stromal cores.


:*Ependymoma (WHO grade II): The ependymoma, which is considered a grade II neoplasm originating from the walls of the ventricles or from the spinal canal, is composed of neoplastic ependymal cells. Ependymomas are subdivided, based on [[histological]] findings, into the following four subtypes:
:*Ependymoma (WHO grade II): the ependymoma, which is considered a grade II neoplasm originating from the walls of the ventricles or from the spinal canal, is composed of neoplastic ependymal cells. Ependymomas are subdivided, based on [[histological]] findings, into the following four subtypes:


::*[[Cellular]] ependymoma: the most common subtype, this subtype usually demonstrates significant cellularity without an increase in mitotic activity.
::*[[Cellular]] ependymoma: the most common subtype, this subtype usually demonstrates significant cellularity without an increase in mitotic activity.

Revision as of 20:00, 15 October 2015

Ependymoma Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Differentiating Ependymoma from other Diseases

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Staging

Laboratory Findings

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Ependymoma classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ependymoma classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Ependymoma classification

CDC on Ependymoma classification

Ependymoma classification in the news

Blogs on Ependymoma classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Ependymoma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Ependymoma classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]

Overview

Ependymoma may be classified into several subtypes based on WHO classification (grade I, II, III) and the site of origin.[1]

Classification

  • In the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors, ependymal tumors are classified into the following four main subtypes:[2][3]
  • Myxopapillary ependymoma (WHO grade I): a myxopapillary ependymoma arises almost exclusively in the location of the conus medullaris, cauda equina, and filum terminale of the spinal cord and is characterized histologically by tumor cells arranged in a papillary manner around vascularized myxoid stromal cores.
  • Ependymoma (WHO grade II): the ependymoma, which is considered a grade II neoplasm originating from the walls of the ventricles or from the spinal canal, is composed of neoplastic ependymal cells. Ependymomas are subdivided, based on histological findings, into the following four subtypes:
  • Cellular ependymoma: the most common subtype, this subtype usually demonstrates significant cellularity without an increase in mitotic activity.
  • Papillary ependymoma: forms linear, epithelial-like surfaces along cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Clear cell ependymoma: displays an oligodendroglial-like appearance with perinuclear halos, this variant is preferentially located in the supratentorial compartment of the brain.
  • Tanycytic ependymoma: the rarest form of grade II ependymoma, this subtype is most commonly found in the spinal cord; tumor cells are arranged in fascicles of variable width and cell density and are poorly intertwined.
  • Anaplastic ependymoma (WHO grade III): also known as malignant ependymoma. An anaplastic ependymoma is considered a malignant glioma of ependymal differentiation and, compared with the grade II ependymomas, shows increased cellularity and increased mitotic activity. It is often associated with microvascular proliferation and necrosis.
  • Ependymal tumors are also classified based on their sites of origin into:[3][4]

References

  1. .Ependymomas Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Frank Gaillard Gold Supporter since June 24, 2015">. Radiopaedia.org 2015.http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ependymoma
  2. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al., eds.: WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2007.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Eoendymoma. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-ependymoma-treatment-pdq#section/_35 URL Accessed on 10 6 2015.
  4. Andreiuolo F, Puget S, Peyre M, Dantas-Barbosa C, Boddaert N, Philippe C; et al. (2010). "Neuronal differentiation distinguishes supratentorial and infratentorial childhood ependymomas". Neuro Oncol. 12 (11): 1126–34. doi:10.1093/neuonc/noq074. PMC 3098029. PMID 20615923.

Template:WikiDoc Sources