Diabetes mellitus type 1 physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[patient|Patients]] with classic onset presentation of [[diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 DM]] are usually well appearing. Whereas [[patient|patients]] with [[diabetic | [[patient|Patients]] with classic onset presentation of [[diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 DM]] are usually well appearing. Whereas [[patient|patients]] with [[diabetic ketoacidosis]] present with [[tachycardia]], [[tachypnea]] ([[Kussmaul breathing]]) and [[dehydration]]. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Appearance of [[patient]] | |Appearance of [[patient]] | ||
|Patient is usually well appearing | |[[Patient]] is usually well appearing | ||
|Patients are ill appearing, may be [[Confusion|confused]] or in state of [[coma]] | |[[Patient|Patients]] are ill appearing, may be [[Confusion|confused]] or in state of [[coma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Vital Signs]] | |[[Vital Signs]] | ||
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[[Thermoregulation|Temperature]]- Normal or elevated or [[hypothermia]] | [[Thermoregulation|Temperature]]- Normal or elevated or [[hypothermia]] | ||
[[Blood pressure]]- Low blood pressure | [[Blood pressure]]- Low [[blood pressure]] | ||
[[Respiratory rate]]- | [[Respiratory rate]]- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[Skin]] | |[[Skin]] | ||
|[[Skin]] examination is usually normal, but in some cases may reveal [[Xeroderma|dry skin]] | |[[Skin]] [[Physical examination|examination]] is usually normal, but in some cases may reveal [[Xeroderma|dry skin]] | ||
|Poor [[skin]] turgor because of [[dehydration]] | |Poor [[skin]] turgor because of [[dehydration]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:03, 20 September 2020
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[1]Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Patients with classic onset presentation of type 1 DM are usually well appearing. Whereas patients with diabetic ketoacidosis present with tachycardia, tachypnea (Kussmaul breathing) and dehydration.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of type 1 DM include:[2][3][4][5]
Examination findings | Classic new onset | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
---|---|---|
Appearance of patient | Patient is usually well appearing | Patients are ill appearing, may be confused or in state of coma |
Vital Signs | Pulse rate- Normal
Temperature- Normal Blood pressure- Normal Respiratory rate- Normal Oxygen saturation- Normal Blood glucose level- Elevated |
Pulse rate- Tachycardia with regular rhythm, weak volume
Temperature- Normal or elevated or hypothermia Blood pressure- Low blood pressure
Oxygen saturation- usually normal but some cases may have low oxygen saturation. Blood glucose level- markedly elevated |
Skin | Skin examination is usually normal, but in some cases may reveal dry skin | Poor skin turgor because of dehydration |
HEENT | HEENT examination is usually normal, in some cases eye examination may reveal opacity of lens. (Cataract) | Dry mucous membrane, eyes may appear sunken because of dehydration |
Neck | Neck examination is normal | Neck examination is normal |
Lungs | Lungs examination is normal | Lungs examination is usually normal, but in some cases lung examination may reveal underlying triggering causes of diabetes ketoacidosis (eg, pneumonia) |
Heart | Heart examination is normal | Heart examination is usually normal |
Abdomen | Abdominal examination is normal | Abdominal tenderness may be elicited |
Back | Back examination is normal | Back examination is usually normal |
Genitourinary | Genitourinary examination is usually normal | Genitourinary examination is usually normal |
Extremities | Extremities examination is usually normal, some cases may elicit finding of decreased sensation in the extremities | Extremities examination is usually normal |
Neuromuscular | Neuromuscular examination is usually normal, | Neuromuscular examination is usually normal |
References
- ↑ http://spectrum.diabetesjournals.org/content/15/1/28
- ↑ http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0501/p1705.pdf
- ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
- ↑ http://spectrum.diabetesjournals.org/content/15/1/28
- ↑ "ADA".