Crystallin, gamma D: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Gamma-crystallin D''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CRYGD'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CRYGD crystallin, gamma D| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1421| accessdate = }}</ref>
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_CRYGD_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1h4a.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1h4a}}, {{PDB2|1hk0}}, {{PDB2|2g98}}
| Name = Crystallin, gamma D
| HGNCid = 2411
| Symbol = CRYGD
| AltSymbols =; CACA; CCA3; CRYG4; cry-g-D
| OMIM = 123690
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 36213
| MGIid = 88524
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CRYGD_207532_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005212 |text = structural constituent of eye lens}}
| Component =
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001654 |text = eye development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007601 |text = visual perception}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050896 |text = response to stimulus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1421
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000118231
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_008822
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_006891
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 208694577
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 208697458
    | Hs_Uniprot = P07320
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 12967
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000067299
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007776
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031802
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 64996115
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 64997697
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q6PGI0
  }}
}}
'''Crystallin, gamma D''', also known as '''CRYGD''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CRYGD crystallin, gamma D| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1421| accessdate = }}</ref>


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{{PBB_Summary
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| section_title =  
| summary_text = Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Gamma-crystallins are a homogeneous group of highly symmetrical, monomeric proteins typically lacking connecting peptides and terminal extensions. They are differentially regulated after early development. Four gamma-crystallin genes (gamma-A through gamma-D) and three pseudogenes (gamma-E, gamma-F, gamma-G) are tandemly organized in a genomic segment as a gene cluster. Whether due to aging or mutations in specific genes, gamma-crystallins have been involved in cataract formation.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CRYGD crystallin, gamma D| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1421| accessdate = }}</ref>
| summary_text = [[Crystallin]]s are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Gamma-crystallins are a homogeneous group of highly symmetrical, monomeric proteins typically lacking connecting [[peptide]]s and terminal extensions. They are differentially regulated after early development. Four gamma-crystallin genes (gamma-A through gamma-D) and three pseudogenes (gamma-E, gamma-F, gamma-G) are tandemly organized in a genomic segment as a gene cluster. Whether due to aging or mutations in specific genes, gamma-crystallins have been involved in cataract formation.<ref name="entrez" />
}}
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Graw J |title=The crystallins: genes, proteins and diseases. |journal=Biol. Chem. |volume=378 |issue= 11 |pages= 1331-48 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9426193 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Graw J |title=The crystallins: genes, proteins and diseases |journal=Biol. Chem. |volume=378 |issue= 11 |pages= 1331–48 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9426193 |doi=  10.1515/bchm.1997.378.11.1299}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Slingsby C, Clout NJ |title=Structure of the crystallins. |journal=Eye (London, England) |volume=13 ( Pt 3b) |issue=  |pages= 395-402 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10627816 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Slingsby C, Clout NJ |title=Structure of the crystallins |journal=Eye (London, England) |volume=13 ( Pt 3b) |issue=  |pages= 395–402 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10627816 |doi=  10.1038/eye.1999.113}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Brakenhoff RH, Aarts HJ, Reek FH, ''et al.'' |title=Human gamma-crystallin genes. A gene family on its way to extinction. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=216 |issue= 3 |pages= 519-32 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2258929 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Brakenhoff RH, Aarts HJ, Reek FH |title=Human gamma-crystallin genes. A gene family on its way to extinction |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=216 |issue= 3 |pages= 519–32 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2258929 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(90)90380-5 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Shiloh Y, Donlon T, Bruns G, ''et al.'' |title=Assignment of the human gamma-crystallin gene cluster (CRYG) to the long arm of chromosome 2, region q33-36. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=73 |issue= 1 |pages= 17-9 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3011643 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Shiloh Y, Donlon T, Bruns G |title=Assignment of the human gamma-crystallin gene cluster (CRYG) to the long arm of chromosome 2, region q33-36 |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=73 |issue= 1 |pages= 17–9 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3011643 |doi=10.1007/BF00292656 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lubsen NH, Renwick JH, Tsui LC, ''et al.'' |title=A locus for a human hereditary cataract is closely linked to the gamma-crystallin gene family. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=84 |issue= 2 |pages= 489-92 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3025877 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Lubsen NH, Renwick JH, Tsui LC |title=A locus for a human hereditary cataract is closely linked to the gamma-crystallin gene family |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=84 |issue= 2 |pages= 489–92 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3025877 |doi=10.1073/pnas.84.2.489 | pmc=304234  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Meakin SO, Du RP, Tsui LC, Breitman ML |title=Gamma-crystallins of the human eye lens: expression analysis of five members of the gene family. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=7 |issue= 8 |pages= 2671-9 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3670288 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Meakin SO, Du RP, Tsui LC, Breitman ML |title=Gamma-crystallins of the human eye lens: expression analysis of five members of the gene family |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=7 |issue= 8 |pages= 2671–9 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3670288 |doi= | pmc=367883 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Meakin SO, Breitman ML, Tsui LC |title=Structural and evolutionary relationships among five members of the human gamma-crystallin gene family. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=5 |issue= 6 |pages= 1408-14 |year= 1985 |pmid= 4033658 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Meakin SO, Breitman ML, Tsui LC |title=Structural and evolutionary relationships among five members of the human gamma-crystallin gene family |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=5 |issue= 6 |pages= 1408–14 |year= 1985 |pmid= 4033658 |doi= | pmc=366871 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rogaev EI, Rogaeva EA, Korovaitseva GI, ''et al.'' |title=Linkage of polymorphic congenital cataract to the gamma-crystallin gene locus on human chromosome 2q33-35. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=5 |issue= 5 |pages= 699-703 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8733140 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Rogaev EI, Rogaeva EA, Korovaitseva GI |title=Linkage of polymorphic congenital cataract to the gamma-crystallin gene locus on human chromosome 2q33-35 |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=5 |issue= 5 |pages= 699–703 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8733140 |doi=10.1093/hmg/5.5.699 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Andley UP, Mathur S, Griest TA, Petrash JM |title=Cloning, expression, and chaperone-like activity of human alphaA-crystallin. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 50 |pages= 31973-80 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8943244 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Andley UP, Mathur S, Griest TA, Petrash JM |title=Cloning, expression, and chaperone-like activity of human alphaA-crystallin |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 50 |pages= 31973–80 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8943244 |doi=10.1074/jbc.271.50.31973 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lampi KJ, Ma Z, Shih M, ''et al.'' |title=Sequence analysis of betaA3, betaB3, and betaA4 crystallins completes the identification of the major proteins in young human lens. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 4 |pages= 2268-75 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8999933 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Lampi KJ, Ma Z, Shih M |title=Sequence analysis of betaA3, betaB3, and betaA4 crystallins completes the identification of the major proteins in young human lens |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 4 |pages= 2268–75 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8999933 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.4.2268 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Stephan DA, Gillanders E, Vanderveen D, ''et al.'' |title=Progressive juvenile-onset punctate cataracts caused by mutation of the gammaD-crystallin gene. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 3 |pages= 1008-12 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9927684 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Stephan DA, Gillanders E, Vanderveen D |title=Progressive juvenile-onset punctate cataracts caused by mutation of the γD-crystallin gene |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 3 |pages= 1008–12 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9927684 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.3.1008  | pmc=15341 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Héon E, Priston M, Schorderet DF, ''et al.'' |title=The gamma-crystallins and human cataracts: a puzzle made clearer. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=65 |issue= 5 |pages= 1261-7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10521291 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Héon E, Priston M, Schorderet DF |title=The γ-Crystallins and Human Cataracts: A Puzzle Made Clearer |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=65 |issue= 5 |pages= 1261–7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10521291 |doi=10.1086/302619  | pmc=1288278 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pande A, Pande J, Asherie N, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular basis of a progressive juvenile-onset hereditary cataract. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 5 |pages= 1993-8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10688888 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.040554397 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Pande A, Pande J, Asherie N |title=Molecular basis of a progressive juvenile-onset hereditary cataract |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 5 |pages= 1993–8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10688888 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.040554397 | pmc=15742 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kmoch S, Brynda J, Asfaw B, ''et al.'' |title=Link between a novel human gammaD-crystallin allele and a unique cataract phenotype explained by protein crystallography. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=9 |issue= 12 |pages= 1779-86 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10915766 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kmoch S, Brynda J, Asfaw B |title=Link between a novel human gammaD-crystallin allele and a unique cataract phenotype explained by protein crystallography |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=9 |issue= 12 |pages= 1779–86 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10915766 |doi=10.1093/hmg/9.12.1779 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pande A, Pande J, Asherie N, ''et al.'' |title=Crystal cataracts: human genetic cataract caused by protein crystallization. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 11 |pages= 6116-20 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11371638 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.101124798 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Pande A, Pande J, Asherie N |title=Crystal cataracts: Human genetic cataract caused by protein crystallization |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 11 |pages= 6116–20 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11371638 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.101124798 | pmc=33431 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Santhiya ST, Shyam Manohar M, Rawlley D, ''et al.'' |title=Novel mutations in the gamma-crystallin genes cause autosomal dominant congenital cataracts. |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=39 |issue= 5 |pages= 352-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12011157 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Santhiya ST, Shyam Manohar M, Rawlley D |title=Novel mutations in the γ-crystallin genes cause autosomal dominant congenital cataracts |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=39 |issue= 5 |pages= 352–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12011157 |doi=10.1136/jmg.39.5.352  | pmc=1735119 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=MacCoss MJ, McDonald WH, Saraf A, ''et al.'' |title=Shotgun identification of protein modifications from protein complexes and lens tissue. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 12 |pages= 7900-5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12060738 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.122231399 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=MacCoss MJ, McDonald WH, Saraf A |title=Shotgun identification of protein modifications from protein complexes and lens tissue |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 12 |pages= 7900–5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12060738 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.122231399 | pmc=122992 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=1421}}
{{Eye proteins}}
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Latest revision as of 17:38, 30 August 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Gamma-crystallin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYGD gene.[1]

Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Gamma-crystallins are a homogeneous group of highly symmetrical, monomeric proteins typically lacking connecting peptides and terminal extensions. They are differentially regulated after early development. Four gamma-crystallin genes (gamma-A through gamma-D) and three pseudogenes (gamma-E, gamma-F, gamma-G) are tandemly organized in a genomic segment as a gene cluster. Whether due to aging or mutations in specific genes, gamma-crystallins have been involved in cataract formation.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: CRYGD crystallin, gamma D".

Further reading



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