Cryptococcosis historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Serge Korjian M.D.; Yazan Daaboul, M.D.
Overview
Cryptococci, initially thought to be of the Saccharomyces genus, were first identified in 1894 by German pathologist Otto Busse in a patient with chronic periostitis of the tibia. In 1901, Jean Paul Vuillemin, a French mycologist, transferred the yeast-like fungus to the genus Cryptococcus due to the absence of ascospores in its life cycle, a defining feature of Saccharomyces.[1][2]
Historical Perspective
- Cryptococci were first identified in 1894 by German pathologist Otto Busse in a patient with chronic periostitis of the tibia. He described the isolated organism as a "Saccharomyces-like" pathogen.[2]
- The infection was referred to as "Busse-Buschke" disease named after Busse and his colleague, dermatologist Abraham Buschke.[3]
- Busse later named the organism Saccharomyces hominis.
- During the same time period, Francesco Sanfelice reported isolating a similar organism from fermenting peach juice. Due to its unique colony form, he refered to the species as Saccharomyces neoformans.
- In 1901, Jean Paul Vuillemin, a French mycologist, transferred the yeast-like fungus to the genus Cryptococcus due to the absence of ascospores in its life cycle, a defining feature of Saccharomyces.[1]
- In the 1950s, four capsule serotypes (A through D) were identified using rabbit antisera. This classification was later improved upon by DNA sequencing, epidemiology, and pathobiology.[2][4]
- Until 1999, Cryptococcus gattii was known as Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii, until it was recognized as separate species with distinct epidemiological patterns and clinical manifestations.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T. The Yeasts, A Taxonomic Study. 2011
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Srikanta D, Santiago-Tirado FH, Doering TL (2014). "Cryptococcus neoformans: historical curiosity to modern pathogen". Yeast. 31 (2): 47–60. doi:10.1002/yea.2997. PMC 3938112. PMID 24375706.
- ↑ Knoke M, Schwesinger G (1994). "One hundred years ago: the history of cryptococcosis in Greifswald. Medical mycology in the nineteenth century". Mycoses. 37 (7–8): 229–33. PMID 7739651.
- ↑ EVANS EE (1950). "The antigenic composition of Cryptococcus neoformans. I. A serologic classification by means of the capsular and agglutination reactions". J Immunol. 64 (5): 423–30. PMID 15415610.
- ↑ Rolston KV (2013). "Cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii". Clin Infect Dis. 57 (4): 552–4. doi:10.1093/cid/cit342. PMID 23697746.