Congestive heart failure differential diagnosis

Heart failure
ICD-10	I50.0
ICD-9	428.0
DiseasesDB	16209
MedlinePlus	000158
MeSH	D006333

Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters
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Overview
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Pathophysiology Systolic Dysfunction Diastolic Dysfunction HFpEF HFrEF
Causes
Differentiating Congestive heart failure from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Clinical Assessment
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
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Exercise Stress Test
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Cardiac Catheterization
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Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
Medical Therapy:
Summary
Acute Pharmacotherapy
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFpEF
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFrEF Diuretics ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers Aldosterone Antagonists Beta Blockers Ca Channel Blockers Nitrates Hydralazine Positive Inotropics Anticoagulants Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor Antiarrhythmic Drugs Nutritional Supplements Hormonal Therapies Drugs to Avoid Drug Interactions Treatment of underlying causes Associated conditions
Exercise Training
Surgical Therapy: Biventricular Pacing or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) Implantation of Intracardiac Defibrillator Ultrafiltration Cardiac Surgery Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) Cardiac Transplantation
ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations Initial and Serial Evaluation of the HF Patient Hospitalized Patient Patients With a Prior MI Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention Surgical/Percutaneous/Transcather Interventional Treatments of HF Patients at high risk for developing heart failure (Stage A) Patients with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not developed heart failure symptoms (Stage B) Patients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure (Stage C) Patients with refractory end-stage heart failure (Stage D) Coordinating Care for Patients With Chronic HF Quality Metrics/Performance Measures
Implementation of Practice Guidelines
Congestive heart failure end-of-life considerations
Specific Groups: Special Populations Patients who have concomitant disorders Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Patient with CHF NSTEMI with Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Congestive heart failure should be distinguished from other conditions that cause dyspnea, fatigue and edema.

Disorders That Heart Failure is Confused With

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome of dyspnea, fatigue and edema. There are several disorders that cause heart failure and should not be confused with the syndrome of heart failure.

• Cardiac arrest and asystole refer to situations in which there is no cardiac output at all. Without urgent treatment these result in sudden death.
• Myocardial infarction ("Heart attack") refers to heart muscle damage due to an insufficient blood supply to the heart, usually as a result of a blocked coronary artery.
• Cardiomyopathy refers specifically to problems within the heart muscle, and these problems can result in heart failure. Ischemic cardiomyopathy implies that the cause of muscle damage is coronary artery disease. Dilated cardiomyopathy implies that the muscle damage has resulted in enlargement of the heart. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves enlargement and thickening of the heart muscle.

Other Causes of Dyspnea

Emergency Conditions that Cause Dyspnea

The following emergency conditions should be excluded when diagnosing a patient with heart failure:

• Asthma or bronchospasm
• Foreign body aspiration
• H. influenza epiglottitis
• Spontaneous pneumothorax

Non Cardiac Causes of Dyspnea

• Abdominal masses
• Acute bronchitis
• Acute Chest Syndrome
• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Acute promyelocytic leukemia
• Acute tracheobronchitis
• AIDS
• Air pollution
• Air-conditioner lung
• Allergy
• Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
• Altitude sickness
• Amniotic fluid embolism
• Amphotericin B
• Amyl nitrite
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Anaphylactoid reactions
• Anaphylaxis
• Anemia
• Anthrax
• Anxiety
• Asbestosis
• Aspergillus clavatus
• Aspiration
• Asthma
• Atelectasis
• Atypical pneumonia
• Barium
• Beta-blockers
• Betazole
• Bird breeder's lung
• Bird fancier's lung
• Bland-White-Garland Syndrome
• Bleomycin in ABVD
• Blood transfusion
• Brain stem infarction
• Bronchial asthma
• Bronchial tumors
• Bronchiolitis
• Bronchiolitis obliterans
• Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Bronchogenic carcinoma
• Bronchoscopy
• Caspofungin
• Cheese worker's lung
• Chemical worker's lung
• Chest trauma
• Chest tube
• Cholesterol pericarditis
• Chronic bronchitis
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Chylothorax
• Cirrhosis
• Cladosporium
• CMV Pneumonitis
• Community-acquired pneumonia
• Croup
• Cystic Fibrosis
• Daptomycin
• Decompression sickness
• Decreased thoracic or diaphragmatic excursion
• Diabetic coma
• Diffuse panbronchiolitis
• Diverticulosis
• Drugs
• Ehrlichiosis (canine)
• Empty nose syndrome
• Empyema, pleural
• Encephalitis
• Eosinophilic pneumonia
• Ephedrine
• Epidemic dropsy
• Erdheim-Chester disease
• Esophageal cancer
• Esophageal diseases with tracheal compression
• Exercise-induced asthma
• Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
• Fat embolism
• Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic
• Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Gemeprost
• Glatiramer acetate
• Glottal edema
• Goiter
• Goodpasture syndrome
• Grain handler's lung
• Gram-negative sepsis
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome
• Hemochlyothorax
• Hemothorax
• Histiocytosis X
• Hoose (disease)
• Humidifier lung
• Hydrochlyothorax
• Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypoxia
• Hysteria
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Iloprost
• Interstitial lung disease
• Intoxication (carbon monoxide, cyanide)
• Intrapulmonary receptor stimulation
• Intussusception (medical disorder)
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Irregular Heart Rhythms
• Ketorolac
• Kyphoscoliosis
• Laryngeal/bronchospasm
• Leukemia
• Lung cancer
• Lymphangitic metastases
• Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
• Lymphoma
• Malignant Mesothelioma
• Malt worker's lung
• Mediastinal tumors
• Megaloblastic Anemias
• Mercury (element)
• Metabolic acidosis
• Methyl isocyanate
• Micropolyspora faeni
• Miliary tuberculosis
• Mollusk shell hypersensitivity
• Mucor stolonifer
• Multiple rib fractures
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Myxoma
• Neuromuscular disease
• Obesity
• Phrenic nerve paralysis
• Pleural callosity
• Pneumoconiosis
• Pneumonia
• Pneumochlyothorax
• Pneumothorax
• Pleural Effusion
• Pleural fibrosis
• Polyradiculitis
• Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
• Pulmonary Emphysema
• Pulmonary fibrosis
• Quincke's Edema
• Radiation pneumonitis
• Respiratory tract infection
• Sarcoidosis
• Shock
• Shock lung
• Sleep Apnea Syndrome
• Trauma
• Tracheal stenosis
• Tracheal tumors
• Tracheomalacia
• Tracheobronchial collapse
• Uremia