Cardiac arrhythmia: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_Disease |
__NOTOC__
  Name          = Cardiac arrhythmia |
{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
  Image          = EKG_VF.jpg|
|-
  Caption        = Ventricular Fibrillation or V-Fib, an example of cardiac arrhythmia. |
| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Arrhythmia resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br>
  DiseasesDB    = 15206 |
| [[Arrhythmia resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|I|47||i|30}} - {{ICD10|I|49||i|30}} |
|}
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|427}} |
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Rim}}
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = 001101 |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  MeshID        = D001145 |
}}
{{Cardiac arrhythmia}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}


==[[Cardiac arrhythmia overview|Overview]]==
==Overview==
Cardiac arrhythmia is any of a large and heterogeneous group of conditions in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the [[heart]]. The [[heart beat]] may be too fast or too slow, and may be regular or irregular. A heart beat that is too fast is called [[tachycardia]] and a heartbeat that is too slow is called [[bradycardia]]. Although many arrhythmias are not life-threatening, some can cause [[cardiac arrest]].


==SADS==
==Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia==  
{{familytree/start |summary=Arrhythmia}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | A01='''Arrhythmia'''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | B02 | | | | | | | B03 | B01= '''[[Bradyarrhythmia]]'''| B02= '''Arrhythmia <br> with normal heart rate'''| B03= '''[[Tachyarrhythmia]]''' }}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | B04 | | B05 | | B06 | | | |!| | | | | B04= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Atria'''| B05= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>AV junction'''| B06= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br> Ventricles'''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | B07 | | B08 | | B09 | | | |!| | | | |B07= [[Sinus arrhythmia]] <br> [[Atrial bigeminy]]| B08=[[Accelerated junctional rhythm]] <br> [[Junctional bigeminy]]| B09= [[Accelerated idioventricular rhythm]] <br> [[Ventricular bigeminy]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | | | | | | C04 | | | | | | | C05 | | C01= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Atria'''| C02= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>AV junction'''| C03= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br> Ventricles'''|C04= '''[[SVT|Narrow complex tachycardia (SVT)]]'''| C05= '''[[Wide complex tachycardia]]''' }}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|.| | | | |,|-|+|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | D03 | | | D04 | | | | D05 | | | D06 |!| D07 |D01= '''Normal variant:'''<br>[[Respiratory sinus arrhythmia]]<br> <br>'''[[Sinus node dysfunction]]:'''<br>[[Sinus bradycardia]]<br> [[Sinoatrial block]] <br> [[Sinus arrest]] <br> [[Sick sinus syndrome]]<br><br> '''Abnormality in the atria:'''<br>[[Low atrial focus bradycardia]]<br> [[Atrial bigeminy]] <br><br> '''[[AV block|AV node dysfunction]]:'''<br>[[First Degree AV Block|First degree AV block]] <br> [[Second Degree AV Block|Second degree AV block]] <br> [[Complete or Third-Degree AV Block|Complete or third-degree AV block]]|D02= [[Junctional bradycardia|Junctional escape rhythm]] <br> [[Junctional bigeminy]]| D03=[[Isorhythmic A-V dissociation]] <br> [[Slow VT]] ([[idioventricular rhythm]])<br>[[Ventricular escape rhythm]]<br> [[Escape capture bigeminy]]|D04= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Atria'''| D05= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>AV junction'''| D06= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Atria or AV junction'''| D07= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br> Ventricles''' }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | |!| |!| |!| }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | E01 | | E02 | | E03 | | | E04 |!| E05 |E01= [[Atrial fibrillation]] <br> [[Atrial flutter]] <br> [[Ectopic Atrial Rhythm|Ectopic atrial rhythm]] <br> [[Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)|Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)]] <br> [[Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block|Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with block]] <br> [[Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs)|Premature atrial contractions (PAC)]] <br> [[Sinus Tachycardia|Sinus tachycardia]] <br> [[Wandering atrial pacemaker]]<br> [[Sick sinus syndrome]]| E02= [[AVNRT]] <br><br> [[AVRT]] ([[accessory pathway]]):<br>- [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome|Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)]]<br>- [[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome|Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)]]|E03=[[Accelerated junctional rhythm]] <br> [[Junctional ectopic tachycardia]]| E04= '''[[Wide complex tachycardias|SVTAC]]'''<br>'''([[Wide complex tachycardias|SVT with aberrant conduction]]):<br><br>'''[[Left Bundle Branch Block|Left bundle branch block]] <br> [[LAHB|Left anterior hemi-block]] <br> [[Left posterior fascicular block electrocardiogram|Lefo posterior hemi-block]] <br> [[Right Bundle Branch Block|Right bundle branch block]] <br> [[Trifascicular block]]| E05= [[Ventricular tachycardia]] <br> [[Ventricular fibrillation electrocardiogram|Ventricular fibrillation]] <br> [[Ventricular Parasystole|Ventricular parasystole]] <br> [[Ventricular bigeminy]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | | F02 | F01=  '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Atria, AV junction or ventricles<br><br> Presence of an [[accessory pathway]]'''| F02= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Pacemaker'''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | G01 | | | | G02 | G01= '''[[Accessory pathway]]'''<br><br>[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome|Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)]]<br>[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome|Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)]]| G02= '''[[Paced rhythm]]'''<br><br>[[Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia]] <br> [[Runaway pacemaker syndrome]]<br> [[Sensor induced tachycardia]]}}
{{familytree/end}}


'''SADS''', or '''sudden arrhythmia death syndrome''', is a term used to describe sudden [[death]] due to [[cardiac arrest]] brought on by an arrhythmia. The most common cause of sudden death in the US is coronary artery disease. Approximately 300,000 people die suddenly of this cause every year in the US.
==Cardiac Arrhythmias in Alphabetical Order==
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Accelerated idioventricular rhythm]]


Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndrome (SADS) can also occur from other causes. Also, there are many inherited conditions and heart diseases that can affect young people that can cause sudden death. Many of these victims have no symptoms before dying suddenly. 
*[[Accessory pathway]]


Causes of SADS in young people are [[long QT syndrome]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]] and [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] and [[arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]] ("arrythmia"-causing, "right ventricle"-involving, pre-cancerous malformation).
*[[Andersen–Tawil syndrome]]


==List of common cardiac arrhythmias==
*[[Artificial pacemaker]]
 
*[[Atrial fibrillation]]
 
*[[Atrial flutter]]
 
*[[Atrial tachycardia]]
 
*[[AV nodal reentrant tachycardia]]
 
*[[AV reentrant tachycardia]]
 
*[[Bradycardia]]
 
*[[Broad complex tachycardia]]
 
*[[Bundle of His]]
 
*[[Bundle of Kent]]
 
*[[Cardiac arrhythmia following heart transplantation]]
 
*[[Ectopic atrial rhythm]]
 
*[[First degree AV block]]
 
*[[Focal atrial tachycardia]]
 
*[[Heart transplantation associated arrhythmias]]
 
*[[Idioventricular rhythm]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
 
*[[Isorhythmic A-V Dissociation]]
 
*[[Junctional bradycardia]]
 
*[[Junctional tachycardia]]
 
*[[Left anterior hemiblock]]
 
*[[Left bundle branch block]]
 
*[[Left posterior fascicular block]]
 
*[[Low atrial focus tachycardia]]
 
*[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]]
 
*[[Mahaim fibers]]
 
*[[Multifocal atrial tachycardia]]
 
*[[Pacemaker mediated tachycardia]]
 
*[[Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block]]
 
*[[Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia]]
 
*[[Premature atrial contraction]]
 
*[[Right bundle branch block]]
 
*[[Runaway pacemaker syndrome]]
 
*[[Second degree AV block]]
 
*[[Sensor induced tachycardia]]
 
*[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
 
*[[Sinoatrial nodal reentry tachycardia]]
 
*[[Sinus arrhythmia]]
 
*[[Sinus bradycardia]]
 
*[[Sinus tachycardia]]
 
*[[Slow VT]]
 
*[[Supraventricular tachycardia]]
 
*[[SVT with aberrancy]]
 
*[[Tachycardia]]
 
*[[Tachycardia bradycardia syndrome]]
 
*[[Third degree AV block]]
 
*[[Trifascicular block]]


*Atrial Rhythms
*[[Ventricular escape]]
**[[Premature atrial contraction|Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs)]]
**[[Wandering pacemaker|Wandering Atrial Pacemaker]]
**[[Multifocal atrial tachycardia]]
**[[Supraventricular tachycardia|Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)]]
**[[Atrial flutter]]
**[[Atrial fibrillation|Atrial fibrillation (Afib)]]
*Ventricular Rhythms
**[[Premature ventricular contraction|Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC)]]
**[[Accelerated idioventricular rhythm]]
**[[Ventricular tachycardia]]
**[[Ventricular fibrillation]]
**[[Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]]
*Atrial Ventricular Arrythmias
**[[AV nodal reentrant tachycardia]]
**[[AV reentrant tachycardia]]
***[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
***[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]]
*Junctional Arrhythmias
**[[Junctional rhythm]]
**[[Junctional tachycardia]]
**Premature junctional complex
*Heart Blocks, also known as [[atrioventricular node|AV]] blocks
**[[First degree heart block]], also known as PR prolongation
**[[Second degree heart block]]
***[[Type 1 Second degree heart block]], also known as [[Mobitz I]] or [[Wenckebach]]
***[[Type 2 Second degree heart block]], also known as [[Mobitz II]]
**[[Third degree heart block]], also known as [[complete heart block]]


==References==
*[[Ventricular fibrillation]]
{{reflist|2}}
 
*[[Ventricular parasystole]]
 
*[[Ventricular tachycardia]]
 
*[[Wandering atrial pacemaker]]
 
*[[Wide complex tachycardias]]
 
*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
{{col-end}}
<font color="white">{{Smallcaps|{{PAGENAME}} developed by WikiDoc.org}}</font>
 
===Causes===
 
===Drug Side Effect===
* [[Agalsidase beta]]
* [[Bromocriptine]]
* [[Calcium gluconate]].
* [[Caspofungin acetate]].
* [[Cefotaxime sodium]].
* [[Clomifene]].
* [[Crizotinib]].
* [[Cyclobenzaprine]].
* [[Cyclophosphamide]].
* [[Dipivefrine]]
* [[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]].
* [[Gadoterate]]
* [[Granisetron]]
*[[Idarubicin hydrochloride]]
* [[Idursulfase]]
* [[interferon alfacon-1]]
* [[Tretinoin]].
* [[Meprobamate]]
* [[Metaproterenol]]
* [[Muromonab-CD3]]
*[[Nabilone]]
* [[Nalmefene]].
*[[Omacetaxine]]
*[[Oprelvekin]]
*[[Oxaprozin]]
* [[Oxytocin]].
* [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]]
* [[Pentamidine]]
* [[Pilocarpine]]
* [[Prednisolone]].
* [[Rubidium Rb 82]]
*[[Sargramostim]]
* [[Sorafenib]].
* [[Sodium phenylbutyrate]]
*  Laxatives like [[sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate]].
*[[Teniposide]]
* [[Valdecoxib]],
 
====Contraindicated medications====


==Related Chapters==
{{MedCondContrAbs|MedCond = Cardiac arrhythmia|Cyclobenzaprine|Metaproterenol|Sumatriptan}}
*[[Clinical cardiac electrophysiology]]
*[[Antiarrhythmic agents]]
*[[Artificial pacemaker]]
*[[Electrical conduction system of the heart]]
*[[Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator]].


{{Electrocardiography}}
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


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[[ja:不整脈]]
[[no:Arytmi]]
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Latest revision as of 19:28, 23 August 2021



Resident
Survival
Guide

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

Overview

Cardiac arrhythmia is any of a large and heterogeneous group of conditions in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the heart. The heart beat may be too fast or too slow, and may be regular or irregular. A heart beat that is too fast is called tachycardia and a heartbeat that is too slow is called bradycardia. Although many arrhythmias are not life-threatening, some can cause cardiac arrest.

Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Arrhythmia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bradyarrhythmia
 
 
 
 
 
 
Arrhythmia
with normal heart rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tachyarrhythmia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
Atria
 
The origin of the impulse:
AV junction
 
The origin of the impulse:
Ventricles
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sinus arrhythmia
Atrial bigeminy
 
Accelerated junctional rhythm
Junctional bigeminy
 
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
Ventricular bigeminy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
Atria
 
The origin of the impulse:
AV junction
 
The origin of the impulse:
Ventricles
 
 
 
 
 
 
Narrow complex tachycardia (SVT)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wide complex tachycardia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Normal variant:
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

Sinus node dysfunction:
Sinus bradycardia
Sinoatrial block
Sinus arrest
Sick sinus syndrome

Abnormality in the atria:
Low atrial focus bradycardia
Atrial bigeminy

AV node dysfunction:
First degree AV block
Second degree AV block
Complete or third-degree AV block
 
Junctional escape rhythm
Junctional bigeminy
 
Isorhythmic A-V dissociation
Slow VT (idioventricular rhythm)
Ventricular escape rhythm
Escape capture bigeminy
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
Atria
 
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
AV junction
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
Atria or AV junction
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
Ventricles
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Ectopic atrial rhythm
Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with block
Premature atrial contractions (PAC)
Sinus tachycardia
Wandering atrial pacemaker
Sick sinus syndrome
 
AVNRT

AVRT (accessory pathway):
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)
- Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)
 
Accelerated junctional rhythm
Junctional ectopic tachycardia
 
 
SVTAC
(SVT with aberrant conduction):

Left bundle branch block
Left anterior hemi-block
Lefo posterior hemi-block
Right bundle branch block
Trifascicular block
 
 
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular parasystole
Ventricular bigeminy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
Atria, AV junction or ventricles

Presence of an accessory pathway
 
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
Pacemaker
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accessory pathway

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)
 
 
 
Paced rhythm

Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia
Runaway pacemaker syndrome
Sensor induced tachycardia

Cardiac Arrhythmias in Alphabetical Order

Cardiac arrhythmia developed by WikiDoc.org

Causes

Drug Side Effect

Contraindicated medications

Cardiac arrhythmia is considered an absolute contraindication to the use of the following medications:

References


Template:WikiDoc Sources CME Category::Cardiology