Burn historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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Burns injury was discovered since the people use the fire either to prepare the food or to warm themselves ,but there was many types of treating during the centuries Egyptians treated burns by incantations and a mixture of gum, goat's hair, and milk from a woman who had given birth to a son. In the Smith papyrus reports of other strange concoctions have been found, but most of them consisted of some type of linen strips soaked in an oily preparation. These papyri date back to 1500 years before Christ and frequently refer to earlier periods. Neanderthal man treated burns with extracts of plants. Between the sixth and fifth centuries B.C., Chinese and Japanese used tinctures and extracts made from tea leaves. More recent use of tannic acid spray would seem similar, in that tea leaves are rich in tannin. Around 430 B.C., Hippocrates suggested the following: "having melted old swine's seam and mixed it with resin and bitumen, and having spread it on a piece of cloth and warmed it at the fire, apply a bandage." He also proposed the use of warm vinegar-soaked dressings to relieve the pain, and he later treated burns by tanning with solutions of oak bark. In ancient Rome there were apparently three methods in use. (1) Celsus described treatment with a mixture of honey and bran, and then cork and ashes. (2) Pliny the Elder wondered if it would not be better to allow burns to remain exposed to the open air rather than covering them with grease. (3) Galen prescribed vinegar or wine. It would appear that in these early civilizations the local treatments were not far afield from those of modern times such as tannic acid, greased gauze dressings, and exposure. Paulus of Aegina, a Byzantine of the seventh century A.D. whose writings reflected Greco-Roman thought, used various emollient preparations. The famous Arabian physician, Rhazes, at about the ninth century, used ice cold water. <ref name="pmid4922817">Artz CP (1970) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4922817 Historical aspects of burn management.] ''Surg Clin North Am'' 50 (6):1193-200. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9 DOI:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 4922817 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9 PMID: 4922817 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9]</ref><ref name="pmid19793549">Pruitt BA, Wolf SE (2009) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19793549 An historical perspective on advances in burn care over the past 100 years.] ''Clin Plast Surg'' 36 (4):527-45. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007 DOI:10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 19793549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007 PMID: 19793549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007]</ref><ref name="MoiemenLee2014">{{cite journal|last1=Moiemen|first1=NaiemS|last2=Lee|first2=KwangChear|last3=Joory|first3=Kavita|title=History of burns: The past, present and the future|journal=Burns & Trauma|volume=2|issue=4|year=2014|pages=169|issn=2321-3868|doi=10.4103/2321-3868.143620}}</ref><ref name="urlGoogle Scholar">{{cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&publication_year=2004&author=Klasen+H.J.&title=History+of+burns |title=Google Scholar |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlHistory of burns: The past, present and the future | Burns & Trauma | Full Text">{{cite web |url=https://burnstrauma.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.4103/2321-3868.143620 |title=History of burns: The past, present and the future | Burns & Trauma | Full Text |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>{{cite book | last = Neligan | first = Peter | title = Plastic surgery | publisher = Elsevier Saunders | location = London New York | year = 2013 | isbn = 978-1-4557-1055-3 }}<ref name="pmid23888738">Pećanac M, Janjić Z, Komarcević A, Pajić M, Dobanovacki D, Misković SS (2013) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23888738 Burns treatment in ancient times.] ''Med Pregl'' 66 (5-6):263-7. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 23888738 PMID: 23888738]</ref>{{cite book | last = Herndon | first = David | title = Total burn care | publisher = Saunders Elsevier | location = Edinburgh New York | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1-4377-2786-9 }}{{cite book | last = Wylock | first = Paul | title = Life and Times of Guillaume Dupuytren, 1777-1835 | publisher = ASP | location = Bruxelles | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-90-5487-572-7 }} | Burns injury was discovered since the people use the fire either to prepare the food or to warm themselves ,but there was many types of treating during the centuries Egyptians treated burns by incantations and a mixture of gum, goat's hair, and milk from a woman who had given birth to a son. In the Smith papyrus reports of other strange concoctions have been found, but most of them consisted of some type of linen strips soaked in an oily preparation. These papyri date back to 1500 years before Christ and frequently refer to earlier periods. Neanderthal man treated burns with extracts of plants. Between the sixth and fifth centuries B.C., Chinese and Japanese used tinctures and extracts made from tea leaves. More recent use of tannic acid spray would seem similar, in that tea leaves are rich in tannin. Around 430 B.C., Hippocrates suggested the following: "having melted old swine's seam and mixed it with resin and bitumen, and having spread it on a piece of cloth and warmed it at the fire, apply a bandage." He also proposed the use of warm vinegar-soaked dressings to relieve the pain, and he later treated burns by tanning with solutions of oak bark. In ancient Rome there were apparently three methods in use. (1) Celsus described treatment with a mixture of honey and bran, and then cork and ashes. (2) Pliny the Elder wondered if it would not be better to allow burns to remain exposed to the open air rather than covering them with grease. (3) Galen prescribed vinegar or wine. It would appear that in these early civilizations the local treatments were not far afield from those of modern times such as tannic acid, greased gauze dressings, and exposure. Paulus of Aegina, a Byzantine of the seventh century A.D. whose writings reflected Greco-Roman thought, used various emollient preparations. The famous Arabian physician, Rhazes, at about the ninth century, used ice cold water. <ref name="pmid4922817">Artz CP (1970) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4922817 Historical aspects of burn management.] ''Surg Clin North Am'' 50 (6):1193-200. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9 DOI:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 4922817 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9 PMID: 4922817 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9]</ref><ref name="pmid19793549">Pruitt BA, Wolf SE (2009) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19793549 An historical perspective on advances in burn care over the past 100 years.] ''Clin Plast Surg'' 36 (4):527-45. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007 DOI:10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 19793549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007 PMID: 19793549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007]</ref><ref name="MoiemenLee2014">{{cite journal|last1=Moiemen|first1=NaiemS|last2=Lee|first2=KwangChear|last3=Joory|first3=Kavita|title=History of burns: The past, present and the future|journal=Burns & Trauma|volume=2|issue=4|year=2014|pages=169|issn=2321-3868|doi=10.4103/2321-3868.143620}}</ref><ref name="urlGoogle Scholar">{{cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&publication_year=2004&author=Klasen+H.J.&title=History+of+burns |title=Google Scholar |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlHistory of burns: The past, present and the future | Burns & Trauma | Full Text">{{cite web |url=https://burnstrauma.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.4103/2321-3868.143620 |title=History of burns: The past, present and the future | Burns & Trauma | Full Text |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>{{cite book | last = Neligan | first = Peter | title = Plastic surgery | publisher = Elsevier Saunders | location = London New York | year = 2013 | isbn = 978-1-4557-1055-3 }}<ref name="pmid23888738">Pećanac M, Janjić Z, Komarcević A, Pajić M, Dobanovacki D, Misković SS (2013) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23888738 Burns treatment in ancient times.] ''Med Pregl'' 66 (5-6):263-7. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 23888738 PMID: 23888738]</ref>{{cite book | last = Herndon | first = David | title = Total burn care | publisher = Saunders Elsevier | location = Edinburgh New York | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1-4377-2786-9 }}{{cite book | last = Wylock | first = Paul | title = Life and Times of Guillaume Dupuytren, 1777-1835 | publisher = ASP | location = Bruxelles | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-90-5487-572-7 }} | ||
Cave paintings from more than 3,500 years ago document burns and their management. The earliest Egyptian records on treating burns describes dressings prepared with milk from mothers of baby boys, and the 1500 BCE Edwin Smith Papyrus describes treatments using honey and the salve of resin. Many other treatments have been used over the ages, including the use of tea leaves by the Chinese documented to 600 BCE, pig fat and vinegar by Hippocrates documented to 400 BCE, and wine and myrrh by Celsus documented to 100 CE. French barber-surgeon Ambroise Paré was the first to describe different degrees of burns in the 1500s. Guillaume Dupuytren expanded these degrees into six different severities in 1832. | |||
The first hospital to treat burns opened in 1843 in London, England, and the development of modern burn care began in the late 1800s and early 1900s. During World War I, Henry D. Dakin and Alexis Carrel developed standards for the cleaning and disinfecting of burns and wounds using sodium hypochlorite solutions, which significantly reduced mortality. In the 1940s, the importance of early excision and skin grafting was acknowledged, and around the same time, fluid resuscitation and formulas to guide it were developed. In the 1970s, researchers demonstrated the significance of the hypermetabolic state that follows large burns. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Burns injury was discovered since the people use the fire either to prepare the food or to warm themselves ,but there was many types of treating during the centuries Egyptians treated burns by incantations and a mixture of gum, goat's hair, and milk from a woman who had given birth to a son. In the Smith papyrus reports of other strange concoctions have been found, but most of them consisted of some type of linen strips soaked in an oily preparation. These papyri date back to 1500 years before Christ and frequently refer to earlier periods. Neanderthal man treated burns with extracts of plants. Between the sixth and fifth centuries B.C., Chinese and Japanese used tinctures and extracts made from tea leaves. More recent use of tannic acid spray would seem similar, in that tea leaves are rich in tannin. Around 430 B.C., Hippocrates suggested the following: "having melted old swine's seam and mixed it with resin and bitumen, and having spread it on a piece of cloth and warmed it at the fire, apply a bandage." He also proposed the use of warm vinegar-soaked dressings to relieve the pain, and he later treated burns by tanning with solutions of oak bark. In ancient Rome there were apparently three methods in use. (1) Celsus described treatment with a mixture of honey and bran, and then cork and ashes. (2) Pliny the Elder wondered if it would not be better to allow burns to remain exposed to the open air rather than covering them with grease. (3) Galen prescribed vinegar or wine. It would appear that in these early civilizations the local treatments were not far afield from those of modern times such as tannic acid, greased gauze dressings, and exposure. Paulus of Aegina, a Byzantine of the seventh century A.D. whose writings reflected Greco-Roman thought, used various emollient preparations. The famous Arabian physician, Rhazes, at about the ninth century, used ice cold water. [1][2][3][4][5]Neligan, Peter (2013). Plastic surgery. London New York: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4557-1055-3.[6]Herndon, David (2012). Total burn care. Edinburgh New York: Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4377-2786-9.Wylock, Paul (2010). Life and Times of Guillaume Dupuytren, 1777-1835. Bruxelles: ASP. ISBN 978-90-5487-572-7.
Cave paintings from more than 3,500 years ago document burns and their management. The earliest Egyptian records on treating burns describes dressings prepared with milk from mothers of baby boys, and the 1500 BCE Edwin Smith Papyrus describes treatments using honey and the salve of resin. Many other treatments have been used over the ages, including the use of tea leaves by the Chinese documented to 600 BCE, pig fat and vinegar by Hippocrates documented to 400 BCE, and wine and myrrh by Celsus documented to 100 CE. French barber-surgeon Ambroise Paré was the first to describe different degrees of burns in the 1500s. Guillaume Dupuytren expanded these degrees into six different severities in 1832.
The first hospital to treat burns opened in 1843 in London, England, and the development of modern burn care began in the late 1800s and early 1900s. During World War I, Henry D. Dakin and Alexis Carrel developed standards for the cleaning and disinfecting of burns and wounds using sodium hypochlorite solutions, which significantly reduced mortality. In the 1940s, the importance of early excision and skin grafting was acknowledged, and around the same time, fluid resuscitation and formulas to guide it were developed. In the 1970s, researchers demonstrated the significance of the hypermetabolic state that follows large burns.
References
- ↑ Artz CP (1970) Historical aspects of burn management. Surg Clin North Am 50 (6):1193-200. DOI:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9 PMID: 4922817 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9 PMID: 4922817 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)39279-9
- ↑ Pruitt BA, Wolf SE (2009) An historical perspective on advances in burn care over the past 100 years. Clin Plast Surg 36 (4):527-45. DOI:10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007 PMID: 19793549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007 PMID: 19793549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.007
- ↑ Moiemen, NaiemS; Lee, KwangChear; Joory, Kavita (2014). "History of burns: The past, present and the future". Burns & Trauma. 2 (4): 169. doi:10.4103/2321-3868.143620. ISSN 2321-3868.
- ↑ "Google Scholar".
- ↑ "History of burns: The past, present and the future | Burns & Trauma | Full Text".
- ↑ Pećanac M, Janjić Z, Komarcević A, Pajić M, Dobanovacki D, Misković SS (2013) Burns treatment in ancient times. Med Pregl 66 (5-6):263-7. PMID: 23888738 PMID: 23888738