Buerger's disease risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The most potent risk factor in the development of Buerger's disease is [[tobacco smoking]]. Other risk factors include male sex, [[rickettsial infection]], South Asian or Middle Eastern descent, age between 20 - 45 years and a medical history of [[Raynaud's disease]] or [[autoimmune disease]]. | The most potent risk factor in the development of Buerger's disease is [[tobacco smoking]]. Other risk factors include male sex, [[Rickettsial infections|rickettsial infection]], South Asian or Middle Eastern descent, age between 20 - 45 years and a medical history of [[Raynaud's disease]] or [[autoimmune disease]]. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The most potent risk factor in the development of Buerger's disease is [[tobacco smoking]]. Other risk factors include:<ref name="pmid1772769">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mills JL, Porter JM |title=Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) |journal=Ann Vasc Surg |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=570–2 |date=November 1991 |pmid=1772769 |doi=10.1007/BF02015288 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1598672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Papa M, Bass A, Adar R, Halperin Z, Schneiderman J, Becker CG, Brautbar H, Mozes E |title=Autoimmune mechanisms in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): the role of tobacco antigen and the major histocompatibility complex |journal=Surgery |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=527–31 |date=May 1992 |pmid=1598672 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18172574">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tavakoli H, Rezaii J, Esfandiari K, Salimi J, Rashidi A |title=Buerger's disease: a 10-year experience in Tehran, Iran |journal=Clin. Rheumatol. |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=369–71 |date=March 2008 |pmid=18172574 |doi=10.1007/s10067-007-0784-x |url=}}</ref> | The most potent risk factor in the development of Buerger's disease is [[tobacco smoking]]. Other risk factors include:<ref name="pmid1772769">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mills JL, Porter JM |title=Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) |journal=Ann Vasc Surg |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=570–2 |date=November 1991 |pmid=1772769 |doi=10.1007/BF02015288 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1598672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Papa M, Bass A, Adar R, Halperin Z, Schneiderman J, Becker CG, Brautbar H, Mozes E |title=Autoimmune mechanisms in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): the role of tobacco antigen and the major histocompatibility complex |journal=Surgery |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=527–31 |date=May 1992 |pmid=1598672 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18172574">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tavakoli H, Rezaii J, Esfandiari K, Salimi J, Rashidi A |title=Buerger's disease: a 10-year experience in Tehran, Iran |journal=Clin. Rheumatol. |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=369–71 |date=March 2008 |pmid=18172574 |doi=10.1007/s10067-007-0784-x |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Male sex | *Male sex | ||
*[[Rickettsial infection]] | *[[Rickettsial infections|Rickettsial infection]] | ||
*South Asian or Middle Eastern descent | *South Asian or Middle Eastern descent | ||
*Age between 20 - 45 years | *Age between 20 - 45 years | ||
*Medical history of [[Raynaud's disease]] or [[autoimmune disease]] | *Medical history of [[Raynaud's disease]] or [[autoimmune disease]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of Buerger's disease is tobacco smoking. Other risk factors include male sex, rickettsial infection, South Asian or Middle Eastern descent, age between 20 - 45 years and a medical history of Raynaud's disease or autoimmune disease.
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of Buerger's disease is tobacco smoking. Other risk factors include:[1][2][3]
- Male sex
- Rickettsial infection
- South Asian or Middle Eastern descent
- Age between 20 - 45 years
- Medical history of Raynaud's disease or autoimmune disease
References
- ↑ Mills JL, Porter JM (November 1991). "Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)". Ann Vasc Surg. 5 (6): 570–2. doi:10.1007/BF02015288. PMID 1772769.
- ↑ Papa M, Bass A, Adar R, Halperin Z, Schneiderman J, Becker CG, Brautbar H, Mozes E (May 1992). "Autoimmune mechanisms in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): the role of tobacco antigen and the major histocompatibility complex". Surgery. 111 (5): 527–31. PMID 1598672.
- ↑ Tavakoli H, Rezaii J, Esfandiari K, Salimi J, Rashidi A (March 2008). "Buerger's disease: a 10-year experience in Tehran, Iran". Clin. Rheumatol. 27 (3): 369–71. doi:10.1007/s10067-007-0784-x. PMID 18172574.