Basal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Basal cell carcinoma Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Basal Cell Carcinoma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT scan

MRI

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Basal cell carcinoma pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Basal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Basal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

CDC on Basal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

Basal cell carcinoma pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Basal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Basal cell carcinoma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Basal cell carcinoma pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Maneesha Nandimandalam, M.B.B.S.[2],Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivali Marketkar, M.B.B.S. [3]

Overview

Basal cell carcinoma is one of the most common skin cancers. It is commonly known as rodent ulcer due to its distinct morphology characterized by pearly pink nodules with telangiectasias, rolled borders, and central crusting with or without an ulcerating lesion. The most common cause for the development of the basal cell carcinoma involves radiation exposure and mutations that involve many genes including sonic hedgehog gene, PTCH1 gene, and other gain-of-function mutations which further depend on the subtypes such as nodular, superficial, Infundibulocystic, fibroepithelial, morpheaform, infiltrative, micronodular, and basosquamous basal cell carcinomas.

Pathophysiology

Genetics

 
 
 
Loss of PTCH1
 
 
 
Gain of function SMO
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lack of SMO inhibition
 
 
 
Activation of
SMO-GLI signaling
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
↑GLI1 levels
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in transcription
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tumorigenesis
 
 
 

Enviromental Exposure

Pathology

Basal cell carcinoma pathological features mainly depend upon the subtype. The following table summarizes them:[4][5]

Subtypes of BCC Gross features Microscopic features
Findings Images Findings Images
Nodular
M. Sand, D. Sand, C. Thrandorf, V. Paech, P. Altmeyer, F. G. Bechara [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
No machine-readable author provided. KGH assumed (based on copyright claims). [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Basal_cell_carcinoma_histopathology_%283%29.jpg
Superficial
Kelly Nelson (Photographer) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Basal_cell_carcinoma%2C_superficial.jpg
machine-readable author provided. KGH assumed (based on copyright claims). [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
Infundibulocystic
  • Well-circumscribed pearly papule
  • Most common on the head and neck region
Fibroepithelial
Morpheaform
Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK.
Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
Infiltrative
Kelly Nelson (Photographer) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Basal_cell_carcinoma_%281%29.jpg,
Micronodular
  • Multiple small aggregates of basaloid cells within the dermis, with subtle peripheral palisading and retraction artifact
Basosquamous

Video

{{#ev:youtube|JnJXrFnvOKs}}

References

  1. Mohan SV, Chang AL (2014). "Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Innovations". Curr Dermatol Rep. 3: 40–45. doi:10.1007/s13671-014-0069-y. PMC 3931971. PMID 24587976.
  2. Pellegrini C, Maturo MG, Di Nardo L, Ciciarelli V, Gutiérrez García-Rodrigo C, Fargnoli MC (November 2017). "Understanding the Molecular Genetics of Basal Cell Carcinoma". Int J Mol Sci. 18 (11). doi:10.3390/ijms18112485. PMC 5713451. PMID 29165358.
  3. Yunoki T, Tabuchi Y, Hirano T, Miwa S, Imura J, Hayashi A (November 2018). "Gene networks in basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid, analyzed using gene expression profiling". Oncol Lett. 16 (5): 6729–6734. doi:10.3892/ol.2018.9484. PMC 6202553. PMID 30405815.
  4. Cameron, Michael C.; Lee, Erica; Hibler, Brian P.; Barker, Christopher A.; Mori, Shoko; Cordova, Miguel; Nehal, Kishwer S.; Rossi, Anthony M. (2019). "Basal cell carcinoma". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 80 (2): 303–317. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.060. ISSN 0190-9622.
  5. Sehgal VN, Chatterjee K, Pandhi D, Khurana A (2014). "Basal cell carcinoma: pathophysiology". Skinmed. 12 (3): 176–81. PMID 25134314.


Template:WikiDoc Sources