Alzheimer's disease laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There are no specific [[diagnostic]] [[laboratory]] findings associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, [[laboratory]] findings are done to rule out other [[conditions]] which may mimic Alzheimer's disease [[symptoms]]. These include [[CSF analysis]]for [[Aβ]] 2 and [[tau protein]], [14-3-3 protein]], [[vitamin B12]] levels, [[thyroid hormones]], [[Electrolyte|electrolytes]], [[HIV]] [[serology]], [[complete blood count]], [[blood glucose]], [[renal function tests|renal function test]], [[liver function tests|liver function test]], and urine screen for [[drug abuse]]. | There are no specific [[diagnostic]] [[laboratory]] findings associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, [[laboratory]] findings are done to rule out other [[conditions]] which may mimic Alzheimer's disease [[symptoms]]. These include [[CSF analysis]]for [[Aβ]] 2 and [[tau protein]], [[14-3-3 protein]], [[vitamin B12]] levels, [[thyroid hormones]], [[Electrolyte|electrolytes]], [[HIV]] [[serology]], [[complete blood count]], [[blood glucose]], [[renal function tests|renal function test]], [[liver function tests|liver function test]], and urine screen for [[drug abuse]]. | ||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
There are no specific [[diagnostic]] [[laboratory]] findings associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, [[laboratory]] findings are done to rule out other [[conditions]] which may mimic Alzheimer's disease [[symptoms]]. These include: | There are no specific [[diagnostic]] [[laboratory]] findings associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, [[laboratory]] findings are done to rule out other [[conditions]] which may mimic Alzheimer's disease [[symptoms]]. These include:<ref name="pmid11735772">{{cite journal |vauthors=Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, Mohs RC, Morris JC, Rabins PV, Ritchie K, Rossor M, Thal L, Winblad B |title=Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=1985–92 |year=2001 |pmid=11735772 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24913723">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ritchie C, Smailagic N, Noel-Storr AH, Takwoingi Y, Flicker L, Mason SE, McShane R |title=Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=6 |pages=CD008782 |year=2014 |pmid=24913723 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008782.pub4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19523877">{{cite journal |vauthors=Visser PJ, Verhey F, Knol DL, Scheltens P, Wahlund LO, Freund-Levi Y, Tsolaki M, Minthon L, Wallin AK, Hampel H, Bürger K, Pirttila T, Soininen H, Rikkert MO, Verbeek MM, Spiru L, Blennow K |title=Prevalence and prognostic value of CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment in the DESCRIPA study: a prospective cohort study |journal=Lancet Neurol |volume=8 |issue=7 |pages=619–27 |year=2009 |pmid=19523877 |doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70139-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28328043">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ritchie C, Smailagic N, Noel-Storr AH, Ukoumunne O, Ladds EC, Martin S |title=CSF tau and the CSF tau/ABeta ratio for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=3 |issue= |pages=CD010803 |year=2017 |pmid=28328043 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010803.pub2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19822868">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jagust WJ, Landau SM, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Koeppe RA, Reiman EM, Foster NL, Petersen RC, Weiner MW, Price JC, Mathis CA |title=Relationships between biomarkers in aging and dementia |journal=Neurology |volume=73 |issue=15 |pages=1193–9 |year=2009 |pmid=19822868 |pmc=2764726 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bc010c |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16373328">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jeste DV, Dolder CR, Nayak GV, Salzman C |title=Atypical antipsychotics in elderly patients with dementia or schizophrenia: review of recent literature |journal=Harv Rev Psychiatry |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=340–51 |year=2005 |pmid=16373328 |doi=10.1080/10673220500433247 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21245183">{{cite journal |vauthors=Clark CM, Schneider JA, Bedell BJ, Beach TG, Bilker WB, Mintun MA, Pontecorvo MJ, Hefti F, Carpenter AP, Flitter ML, Krautkramer MJ, Kung HF, Coleman RE, Doraiswamy PM, Fleisher AS, Sabbagh MN, Sadowsky CH, Reiman EP, Reiman PE, Zehntner SP, Skovronsky DM |title=Use of florbetapir-PET for imaging beta-amyloid pathology |journal=JAMA |volume=305 |issue=3 |pages=275–83 |year=2011 |pmid=21245183 |doi=10.1001/jama.2010.2008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="NeugroschlWang2011">{{cite journal|last1=Neugroschl|first1=Judith|last2=Wang|first2=Sophia|title=Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment Across the Spectrum of Disease Severity|journal=Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine|volume=78|issue=4|year=2011|pages=596–612|issn=00272507|doi=10.1002/msj.20279}}</ref> | ||
* [[CSF analysis]] for [[Aβ]]2 and [[tau protein]] | * [[CSF analysis]] for [[Aβ]]2 and [[tau protein]] | ||
* [[CSF analysis]] for [[14-3-3 protein]] or neuron specific enolase for [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease|Creutzfeldt-jakob disease]] | * [[CSF analysis]] for [[14-3-3 protein]] or neuron specific enolase for [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease|Creutzfeldt-jakob disease]] | ||
| Line 15: | Line 16: | ||
* [[Vitamin B12]] levels: [[Patients]] with [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|low Vitamin B12]] levels may present with impaired [[consciousness]] and [[cognition]] | * [[Vitamin B12]] levels: [[Patients]] with [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|low Vitamin B12]] levels may present with impaired [[consciousness]] and [[cognition]] | ||
* [[Thyroid hormones]]: [[Patients]] with either low or high [[T3]] may develop altered [[cognition]] and [[sensorium]] | * [[Thyroid hormones]]: [[Patients]] with either low or high [[T3]] may develop altered [[cognition]] and [[sensorium]] | ||
* [[Electrolyte|Electrolytes]]: Serum [[Electrolyte|electrolytes]] such as [[Hyponatremia|hypo]] or [[hypernatremia]], [[hypocalcemia]] may present with | * [[Electrolyte|Electrolytes]]: Serum [[Electrolyte|electrolytes]] such as [[Hyponatremia|hypo]] or [[hypernatremia]], [[hypocalcemia]] may present with altered [[sensorium]] | ||
* [[HIV]] [[serology]] or PCR to rule out [[HIV]] | * [[HIV]] [[serology]] or PCR to rule out [[HIV]] | ||
* [[Complete blood count]] | * [[Complete blood count]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:31, 21 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
There are no specific diagnostic laboratory findings associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, laboratory findings are done to rule out other conditions which may mimic Alzheimer's disease symptoms. These include CSF analysisfor Aβ 2 and tau protein, 14-3-3 protein, vitamin B12 levels, thyroid hormones, electrolytes, HIV serology, complete blood count, blood glucose, renal function test, liver function test, and urine screen for drug abuse.
Laboratory Findings
There are no specific diagnostic laboratory findings associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, laboratory findings are done to rule out other conditions which may mimic Alzheimer's disease symptoms. These include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- CSF analysis for Aβ2 and tau protein
- CSF analysis for 14-3-3 protein or neuron specific enolase for Creutzfeldt-jakob disease
- CSF evaluation may also be done to rule out syphilis, encephalitis and meningitis
- Vitamin B12 levels: Patients with low Vitamin B12 levels may present with impaired consciousness and cognition
- Thyroid hormones: Patients with either low or high T3 may develop altered cognition and sensorium
- Electrolytes: Serum electrolytes such as hypo or hypernatremia, hypocalcemia may present with altered sensorium
- HIV serology or PCR to rule out HIV
- Complete blood count
- Blood glucose
- Renal function test
- Liver function test
- Urine screen for drug abuse
References
- ↑ Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, Mohs RC, Morris JC, Rabins PV, Ritchie K, Rossor M, Thal L, Winblad B (2001). "Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment". Arch. Neurol. 58 (12): 1985–92. PMID 11735772.
- ↑ Ritchie C, Smailagic N, Noel-Storr AH, Takwoingi Y, Flicker L, Mason SE, McShane R (2014). "Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (6): CD008782. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008782.pub4. PMID 24913723.
- ↑ Visser PJ, Verhey F, Knol DL, Scheltens P, Wahlund LO, Freund-Levi Y, Tsolaki M, Minthon L, Wallin AK, Hampel H, Bürger K, Pirttila T, Soininen H, Rikkert MO, Verbeek MM, Spiru L, Blennow K (2009). "Prevalence and prognostic value of CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment in the DESCRIPA study: a prospective cohort study". Lancet Neurol. 8 (7): 619–27. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70139-5. PMID 19523877.
- ↑ Ritchie C, Smailagic N, Noel-Storr AH, Ukoumunne O, Ladds EC, Martin S (2017). "CSF tau and the CSF tau/ABeta ratio for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 3: CD010803. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010803.pub2. PMID 28328043.
- ↑ Jagust WJ, Landau SM, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Koeppe RA, Reiman EM, Foster NL, Petersen RC, Weiner MW, Price JC, Mathis CA (2009). "Relationships between biomarkers in aging and dementia". Neurology. 73 (15): 1193–9. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bc010c. PMC 2764726. PMID 19822868.
- ↑ Jeste DV, Dolder CR, Nayak GV, Salzman C (2005). "Atypical antipsychotics in elderly patients with dementia or schizophrenia: review of recent literature". Harv Rev Psychiatry. 13 (6): 340–51. doi:10.1080/10673220500433247. PMID 16373328.
- ↑ Clark CM, Schneider JA, Bedell BJ, Beach TG, Bilker WB, Mintun MA, Pontecorvo MJ, Hefti F, Carpenter AP, Flitter ML, Krautkramer MJ, Kung HF, Coleman RE, Doraiswamy PM, Fleisher AS, Sabbagh MN, Sadowsky CH, Reiman EP, Reiman PE, Zehntner SP, Skovronsky DM (2011). "Use of florbetapir-PET for imaging beta-amyloid pathology". JAMA. 305 (3): 275–83. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.2008. PMID 21245183.
- ↑ Neugroschl, Judith; Wang, Sophia (2011). "Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment Across the Spectrum of Disease Severity". Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine. 78 (4): 596–612. doi:10.1002/msj.20279. ISSN 0027-2507.