Chronic hypertension classification: Difference between revisions

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| '''Pre-Hypertension''' || '''120-139''' || or || '''80-89'''
| '''Pre-Hypertension''' || '''120-139''' || or || '''80-89'''
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
| ''''''Stage 1 Hypertension || '''140-159''' || or || '''90-99'''
| '''Stage 1 Hypertension''' || '''140-159''' || or || '''90-99'''
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
|-style="background:silver; color:black"
| ''''''Stage 2 Hypertension || '''>160''' || or || '''<u>></u>100'''
| '''Stage 2 Hypertension''' || '''>160''' || or || '''<u>></u>100'''
|}
|}



Revision as of 19:41, 3 October 2012

Hypertension Main page

Overview

Causes

Classification

Primary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
Hypertensive Emergency
Hypertensive Urgency

Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Taylor Palmieri

Overview

Hypertension is considered to be present when a person's systolic blood pressure is consistently 140 mmHg or greater, and/or their diastolic blood pressure is consistently 90 mmHg or greater.[1]

JNC Classification

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure[2] has classified blood pressure in the follows:


Normal

SBP < 120 mm Hg and defined blood pressure 120/80 mmHg to 139/89 mmHg as "prehypertension." Prehypertension is not a disease category; rather, it is a designation chosen to identify individuals at high risk of developing hypertension. The Mayo Clinic website specifies blood pressure is "normal if it's below 120/80" but that "some data indicate that 115/75 mm Hg should be the gold standard." In patients with diabetes mellitus or kidney disease studies have shown that blood pressure over 130/80 mmHg should be considered high and warrants further treatment. Even lower numbers are considered diagnostic using home blood pressure monitoring devices.

Blood Pressure Classification Systolic (mm Hg) Diastolic (mm Hg)
Normal < 120 and < 80
Pre-Hypertension 120-139 or 80-89
Stage 1 Hypertension 140-159 or 90-99
Stage 2 Hypertension >160 or >100

Classification

Once the diagnosis of hypertension has been made it is important to attempt to exclude or identify reversible (secondary) causes.

Essential Hypertension

Essential hypertension is the most prevalent hypertension type, affecting 90-95% of hypertensive patients.Although there is no direct cause or mechanism identified some factors are considered to cause Essential Hypertension.

  • Sedentary Lifestyle
  • Obesity accounts for 80-85% of essential hypertension
  • Increased salt intake
  • Increased youalcohol intake
  • Vitamin D Deficiency
  • Family history of high blood pressure
  • Genetic diseases
  • Renin -a hormone produced by the kidneys is thought to activate sympathetic system which functions to control most of body' internal organs under different conditions.
  • High fructose(sugar)corn syrup
  • Metabolic syndrome-in which body develops insulin resistance due to obesity and has high blood pressure, sugar,cholesterol and increased waist circumference.===Essential Hypertension===

Secondary hypertension

Secondary hypertension by definition results from an identifiable cause. This type is important to recognize since it's treated differently than essential hypertension, by treating the underlying cause of the elevated blood pressure. Hypertension results compromise or imbalance of the pathophysiological mechanisms, such as the hormone-regulating endocrine system, that regulate blood plasma volume and heart function. Many conditions cause hypertension, some are common and well recognized secondary causes such as

References

  1. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&index=6693
  2. Chobanian AV; et al. (2003). "The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report". JAMA. 289: 2560–72. PMID 12748199.
  3. Luma GB, Spiotta RT (2006). "Hypertension in children and adolescents". Am Fam Physician. 73 (9): 1558–68. PMID 16719248. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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