Sandbox:Trusha: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Trusha}}


↑↓{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Trusha}}
# [[Endometriosis|Bowel endometriosis]] vs [[Hemorrhoids]] vs [[Diverticular disease|Diverticular diseases]] vs [[Anal fissure]] vs [[Ulcerative colitis]] vs [[Crohn's disease]],
# [[Superior vena cava obstruction]]
# [[Superior vena cava obstruction]]
# [[Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection]]
# [[Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection]]
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* [[Muscle weakness]] ([[Myasthenia gravis|MG]])  
* [[Muscle weakness]] ([[Myasthenia gravis|MG]])  
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Anemia]]
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* [[Human foamy virus]]
* [[Human foamy virus]]
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* Mostly asymptomatic
* Mostly asymptomatic
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* Steroid use
* Steroid use
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* Personality changes
* Personality changes
* [[Seizures]]
* [[Seizures]]
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* Age (above 60 years)
* Age (above 60 years)
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* [[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
* [[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
* [[Trichoptysis]]
* [[Trichoptysis]]
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* Benign equal in men and women
* Benign equal in men and women
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* [[Sore throat]]
* [[Sore throat]]
* [[Neck pain]]
* [[Neck pain]]
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* Hx of [[goiter]]
* Hx of [[goiter]]
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* [[Dyspnea]]
* [[Dyspnea]]
* [[Fatigue]]
* [[Fatigue]]
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* [[Iodine]] deficiency
* [[Iodine]] deficiency
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*
*
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* [[Acute myocardial infarction]]
* [[Acute myocardial infarction]]
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* [[Pericarditis|Viral pericarditis]]
* [[Pericarditis|Viral pericarditis]]
* [[Dressler's syndrome]]
* [[Dressler's syndrome]]
* [[Cardiac catheterization]]
* [[Cardiac catheterization]]
* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Aortic dissection]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Aortic dissection]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Superior vena cava obstruction]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Superior vena cava obstruction]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Esophageal achalasia]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Esophageal achalasia]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Esophageal cancer]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Esophageal cancer]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Esophageal rupture]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Esophageal rupture]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hiatus hernia]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hiatus hernia]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hilar lymphadenopathy]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hilar lymphadenopathy]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pneumomediastinum]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pneumomediastinum]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Mediastinal tumor]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Mediastinal tumor]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Mediastinal germ cell tumor]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Mediastinal germ cell tumor]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Mediastinitis]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Mediastinitis]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Anthrax]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Anthrax]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Tularemia]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Tularemia]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Dermoid cyst]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Dermoid cyst]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Bronchogenic cyst]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Bronchogenic cyst]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Meningocele]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Meningocele]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neurilemmoma]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neurilemmoma]]<ref name="pmid23225215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juanpere S, Cañete N, Ortuño P, Martínez S, Sanchez G, Bernado L |title=A diagnostic approach to the mediastinal masses |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=29–52 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23225215 |doi=10.1007/s13244-012-0201-0 |url=}}</ref>
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Revision as of 16:52, 6 February 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[3]

  1. Superior vena cava obstruction
  2. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
  3. Esophageal achalasia
  4. Esophageal cancer
  5. Esophageal rupture
  6. Hiatus hernia
  7. Hilar lymphadenopathy
  8. Pneumomediastinum
  9. Sarcoidosis
  10. Lymphoma
  11. Neurilemmoma
  12. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  13. Teratoma
  14. Thymoma
  1. Thyroid cancer
  2. Goitre
  3. Mediastinal germ cell tumor,
  4. Mediastinal tumor,
  5. Mediastinitis
  1. Churg-Strauss syndrome
  2. Bronchogenic cyst,
  3. Dermoid cyst
  4. Anthrax:
  5. Tularemia.
Class Disease Sign/Symptoms MMS Causes/Risk factors Gold standard Image Additional findings
Anterior mediastinal mass
Tumors Thymoma

[1]

Biopsy:
  • Epithelial cells
  • Immature lymphocytes
  • Immature T cells
Associated condition
Fatty mass

[1][2]

  • Mostly asymptomatic
  • Steroid use
  • Cushing's syndrome
  • Obeses
MRI:
  • Well-defined encapsulated mas
  • Extensive fat content
  • Small amounts of solid areas
  • Fibrous septa
Fatty mass can be:
  • Lipoma
  • Liposarcoma
  • Thymolipoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

[1][3][4]

  • Age (above 60 years)
  • Caucasians > African and Asian Americans
  • Positive family history of first degree relative
  • B-cell activating autoimmune disorders
  • Radiation exposure
  • Infections

(HIV, Hep C, HTLV-1, EBV, HHV-8, H. pylori, psittacosis, Campylobacter jejuni)

  • Previous cancer treatment
  • Exposure to chemicals and drugs

(pesticides, methotrexate, TNF inhibitors, trichloroethylene)

  • Cigarette smoking for ≥ 40 years
  • BMI ≥30 kg/m2
  • Diet
  • Hair dyes
  • Breast implants
Excisional lymph node biopsy with immunohistochemical study
  • CD 20+ cells
Teratoma

[1][5][6]

Benign
  • Asymptomatic

Malignant

  • Benign equal in men and women
  • Malignant more common in men
  • Pediatric population higher risk
Chest CT scan:
  • Location
  • Metastasis
  • Intrinsic structure
  • Soft tissue
  • Fat
  • Calcification
N/A
Thyroid disease Thyroid cancer[1] US guided biopsy: TFT
  • Elevated T3
  • Elevated T4
  • Low TSH
Goiter

[1][7]

Radioactive iodine scan:
  • Nodules
  • Size
  • Function of the gland: ↑ or ↓
Hyperavtive gland (hyperthyroid):
  • Grave's disease

Hypoactive gland (hypothyroid):

  • Hashimoto thyroiditis

Normal functioning gland (euthyroid):

  • Benign thyroid enlargement (non toxic multinodular goiter)
Class Disease Sign/Symptoms MMS Causes/Risk factors Gold standard Image Additional findings
Middle mediastinal mass
CVS disease Pericardial effusion

[1][8]

Aortic dissection[1]
Superior vena cava obstruction[1]
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection[1]
GI disease Esophageal achalasia
Esophageal cancer
Esophageal rupture
Hiatus hernia
Pulmonary disease Hilar lymphadenopathy
Pneumomediastinum
Sarcoidosis
Mediastinal tumor Mediastinal tumor
Mediastinal germ cell tumor[1]
Infection Mediastinitis
Anthrax
Tularemia
Cystic disease Dermoid cyst
Bronchogenic cyst[1]
Chronic

inflammatory

Churg-Strauss syndrome
Class Disease Sign/Symptoms MMS Causes/Risk factors Gold standard Image Additional findings
Posterior mediastinal mass
CNS disease Meningocele[1]
Neurilemmoma[1]
CT scan showing a smooth anterior mediastinal mass, with a mixed internal density of containing both enhancing soft tissue and cystic areas. The outline of the mass is relatively well defined. No lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion or infiltration. Case courtesy of Dr. Abdallah Al Khateeb (Picture courtesy: Radiopedia)


CT scan showing excessive fatty tissue deposition within the posterior mediastinum with anterior displacement of the esophagus. Case courtesy of Dr. Ahmed Abdrabou (Picture courtesy: [1])


References

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  2. Molinari F, Bankier AA, Eisenberg RL (November 2011). "Fat-containing lesions in adult thoracic imaging". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197 (5): W795–813. doi:10.2214/AJR.11.6932. PMID 22021525.
  3. Sandlund JT (2015). "Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children". Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 10 (3): 237–43. doi:10.1007/s11899-015-0277-y. PMID 26174528.
  4. Armitage JO, Gascoyne RD, Lunning MA, Cavalli F (2017). "Non-Hodgkin lymphoma". Lancet. 390 (10091): 298–310. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32407-2. PMID 28153383.
  5. Yalagachin GH (June 2013). "Anterior mediastinal teratoma- a case report with review of literature". Indian J Surg. 75 (Suppl 1): 182–4. doi:10.1007/s12262-012-0569-6. PMID 24426558.
  6. No TH, Seol SH, Seo GW, Kim DI, Yang SY, Jeong CH, Hwang YH, Kim JY (September 2015). "Benign Mature Teratoma in Anterior Mediastinum". J Clin Med Res. 7 (9): 726–8. doi:10.14740/jocmr2270w. PMC 4522994. PMID 26251691.
  7. "Benign thyroid enlargement (non-toxic multinodular goiter): Overview".
  8. Vanneman MW, Fikry K, Quraishi SA, Schoenfeld W (August 2015). "A Young Man with a Mediastinal Mass and Sudden Cardiac Arrest". Ann Am Thorac Soc. 12 (8): 1235–9. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201504-212CC. PMID 26317273.