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==Overview==
==Overview==
Cyclospora cayentanensis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[watery diarrhea]], [[loss of appetite]] and [[abdominal pain]], such as viral gastroenteritis ([[Adenovirus]], [[rotavirus]], [[norovirus]]), bacterial infections ([[Bacillus cereus]], [[clostridium perfringens]], [[vibrio cholerae]]) or other protozoan infections ([[Entamoeba histolytica]], [[isosporiasis]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]]).   
Cyclospora cayentanensis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[watery diarrhea]], [[loss of appetite]] and [[abdominal pain]], such as viral gastroenteritis ([[adenovirus]], [[rotavirus]], [[norovirus]]), bacterial infections ([[bacillus cereus]], [[clostridium perfringens]], [[vibrio cholerae]]) or other protozoan infections ([[entamoeba histolytica]], [[isosporiasis]], [[cryptosporidium parvum]]).   


==Differentiating Cyclosporiasis from Other Diseases==
==Differentiating Cyclosporiasis from Other Diseases==
===Infectious Causes of Watery Diarrhea===
===Infectious Causes of Watery Diarrhea===
The differential diagnosis in a case of [[watery diarrhea]] include the following conditions:


{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
|valign=top|
|valign=top|
|+
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Differential Diagnosis}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Differential Diagnosis}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Additional Findings}}
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Adenovirus]] gastroenteritis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|[[Fever]], flu-like symptoms, more common in children
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Rotavirus]]
*[[Bacillus cereus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|Most common cause of watery [[diarrhea]] in children
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Norovirus]]
*[[Clostridium perfringens]]  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|[[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], low grade [[fever]], food or waterborne transmission
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli]] (ETEC)
*[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|"Traveler's diarrhea", cholera-like [[diarrhea]], foodborne transmission, ingestion of undercooked hamburger meat
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: "#DCDCDC;|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|Food poisoning ([[S. aureus]], [[C. perfringens]], [[B. cereus]])
*[[Entamoeba histolytica]] infection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| [[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[toxins]] foodborne infection
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
*[[Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|[[Fever]], may be associated with [[bloody stool]]s, ingestion of undercooked poultry
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Salmonellosis]]
*[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|[[Fever]], [[abdominal pain]], may have [[bloody stool]]s
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Vibrio cholerae]]
*[[Isosporiasis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|Profuse watery [[diarrhea]] ("rice water"), [[vomiting]], [[dehydration]]
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Giardia intestinalis]]
*[[Norovirus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| foul-smelling stools, [[bloating]], [[flatulence]], [[malabsorption]]
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Cryptosporidium spp]]
*[[Rotavirus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|[[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[weight loss]], associated with [[HIV]] infection<ref name="HIV">{{Cite journal
|-
 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|
| author = [[S. V. Kulkarni]], [[R. Kairon]], [[S. S. Sane]], [[P. S. Padmawar]], [[V. A. Kale]], [[M. R. Thakar]], [[S. M. Mehendale]] & [[A. R. Risbud]]
*[[Salmonellosis]]
| title = Opportunistic parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with diarrhoea by the level of immunesuppression
| journal = [[The Indian journal of medical research]]
| volume = 130
| issue = 1
| pages = 63–66
| year = 2009
| month = July
| pmid = 19700803
}}</ref>
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Isospora belli]]
*[[Shigellosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|[[Anorexia]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[weight loss]], associated with [[HIV]] infection<ref name="HIV">{{Cite journal
| author = [[S. V. Kulkarni]], [[R. Kairon]], [[S. S. Sane]], [[P. S. Padmawar]], [[V. A. Kale]], [[M. R. Thakar]], [[S. M. Mehendale]] & [[A. R. Risbud]]
| title = Opportunistic parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with diarrhoea by the level of immunesuppression
| journal = [[The Indian journal of medical research]]
| volume = 130
| issue = 1
| pages = 63–66
| year = 2009
| month = July
| pmid = 19700803
}}</ref>
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;"|[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
*[[Vibrio cholerae]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|[[Diarrhea]] and [[constipation]], [[abdominal pain]], no [[fever]].
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"colspan=2| <small>Table adapted from CDC <ref>{{citeweb | url=http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/pdf/GDD_Manual_Cholera_chapters_2012_1_11-508c.pdf| title= CDC Chapter 1. Watery Diarrhea}}</ref></small>
|}
|}


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{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 17:31, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]

Overview

Cyclospora cayentanensis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause watery diarrhea, loss of appetite and abdominal pain, such as viral gastroenteritis (adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus), bacterial infections (bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, vibrio cholerae) or other protozoan infections (entamoeba histolytica, isosporiasis, cryptosporidium parvum).

Differentiating Cyclosporiasis from Other Diseases

Infectious Causes of Watery Diarrhea
Differential Diagnosis Additional Findings
Adenovirus Fever, flu-like symptoms, more common in children
Rotavirus Most common cause of watery diarrhea in children
Norovirus Nausea, vomiting, low grade fever, food or waterborne transmission
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) "Traveler's diarrhea", cholera-like diarrhea, foodborne transmission, ingestion of undercooked hamburger meat
Food poisoning (S. aureus, C. perfringens, B. cereus) Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, toxins foodborne infection
Campylobacter jejuni Fever, may be associated with bloody stools, ingestion of undercooked poultry
Salmonellosis Fever, abdominal pain, may have bloody stools
Vibrio cholerae Profuse watery diarrhea ("rice water"), vomiting, dehydration
Giardia intestinalis foul-smelling stools, bloating, flatulence, malabsorption
Cryptosporidium spp Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, associated with HIV infection[1]
Isospora belli Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, associated with HIV infection[1]
Irritable bowel syndrome Diarrhea and constipation, abdominal pain, no fever.
Table adapted from CDC [2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 S. V. Kulkarni, R. Kairon, S. S. Sane, P. S. Padmawar, V. A. Kale, M. R. Thakar, S. M. Mehendale & A. R. Risbud (2009). "Opportunistic parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with diarrhoea by the level of immunesuppression". The Indian journal of medical research. 130 (1): 63–66. PMID 19700803. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Template:Citeweb

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