Sandbox DL
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac
Overview
According to the Enneking system there are 6 stages of benign and malignant bone tumors based on the grade, anatomic site, and metastasis.[1]
Staging
| Grade | G0 | Benign |
|---|---|---|
| G1 | Low grade malignant | |
| G2 | High grade malignant | |
| Anatomic site | T0 | Intracapsular |
| T1 | Extracapsular, intracompartmental | |
| T2 | Extracapsular, extracompartmental | |
| Metastasis | M0 | No metastasis |
| M1 | Distant metastasis |
| Origin | Stages | Grade | Site | Metastasis | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benign | 1 | G0 | T0 | M0 | Benign latent | Osteoid osteoma, lipoma |
| 2 | G0 | T0 | M0 | Benign active | Giant cell tumor, hemangioma | |
| 3 | G0 | T1-T2 | M0-M1 | Benign aggresive | Desmoplastic fibroma, chondroblastoma | |
| Malignant | IA | G1 | T1 | M0 | Low grade malignant, intracompartmental | Low grade intramedullary osteosarcoma, dematofibrosarcoma protuberans |
| IB | G1 | T2 | M0 | Low grade malignant, extracompartmental | Parosteal osteosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma | |
| IIA | G2 | T1 | M0 | High grade malignant, intracompartmental | High grade central osteosarcoma, angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma | |
| IIB | G2 | T2 | M0 | High grade malignant, extracompartmental | Ewing sarcoma, high grade osteosarcoma | |
| IIIA | G1-G2 | T1 | M1 | Regional metastasis | Low grade intramedullary osteosarcoma, low grade synovial sarcoma | |
| IIIB | G1-G2 | T2 | M1 | Distant metastasis | High grade osteosarcoma, high grade liposarcoma |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Enneking System for Staging of Benign and Malignant Bone and Soft Tissue Lesion. Orthopaedics One. http://www.orthopaedicsone.com/x/TwAjAQ. Accessed on February 12, 2016