Polyhydramnios

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Polyhydramnios
ICD-10 O40
ICD-9 657
DiseasesDB 10319
MedlinePlus 003267
MeSH D006831

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Polyhydramnios (polyhydramnion, hydramnios) is the medical condition of too much amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac. It is seen in 0.5 to 2% of pregnancies.

The opposite to Polyhydramnios is Oligohydramnios. This is a deficiency in amniotic fluid. It is very rare.

Etiology

Polyhydramnios is generally due to maternal diabetes (around 20% of cases) and results from hyperglycemia of the fetus which results in fetal polyuria (fetal urine is a major source of amniotic fluid). About 20% of the cases of polyhydramnios are associated with fetal anomalies that impairs the ability of the fetus to swallow (because the fetus normally swallows amniotic fluid and absorbs it through its intestinal villi). This includes:

In a multiple gestation pregnancy, twin-twin transfusion syndrome is usually the cause.

Associated conditions

Fetuses with polyhydramnios are at risk for a number of other problems including cord prolapse, placental abruption and perinatal death. At delivery the baby should be checked for congenital abnormalities.

Treatment

In some cases, amnioreduction has been used in response to polyhydramnios.[1]

References

  1. Piantelli G, Bedocchi L, Cavicchioni O; et al. (2004). "Amnioreduction for treatment of severe polyhydramnios". Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis. 75 Suppl 1: 56–8. PMID 15301292.

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