Osteosarcoma epidemiology and demographics
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].
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Overview
Osteosarcoma is the most common nonhematologic primary malignant bone neoplasm causing 35% of primary bone malignancies and occurs at any age, it usually affects patients in the second and third decade of life with a peak incidence between 13 and 16 years of age. It is the 8th leading cancer in children under age 15, comprising 2.4% of all malignancies in pediatric patients and about 20% of all primary bone cancers. The overall incidence of osteosarcoma in U.S. population under 24 years of age are estimated at 0.44 cases for 100,000 individuals. Osteosarcoma is slightly more common in males than in females. Primary osteosarcoma typically occurs in young patients (10-20 years) with 75% occurring before the age of 20. Secondary osteosarcoma occurs in elderly patients.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone cancer, accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies. in other words: the annual incidence of osteosarcoma is 2-3 per million in the general population.[1][2][3][4]
- Osteosarcoma incidence is less than 1 case per million in children under the age of 5 years.
- 2 cases per million at the age of 5-9 years.
- 7 cases per million at the age of 10-14 years and peaks at 8-11 cases per million at the age of 15-19 years.
- The new cases of osteosarcoma are reported each year in the U.S are around 1,000 cases.
- Osteosarcoma is the 8th leading cancer in children under age 15, comprising 2.4% of all malignancies in pediatric patients and about 20% of all primary bone cancers.
- A second peak in incidence occurs in the elderly, usually associated with an underlying bone pathology such as Paget's disease, medullary infarct, or prior irradiation.
Incidence
- The overall incidence of osteosarcoma in U.S population vary between 1 and 5 cases per million per year, with approximately 400 to 1000 new cases diagnosed every year (4.8 cases per million persons < 20 y).[5]
- The incidence of osteosarcoma in Europe is similar with that in the US.
Mortality/Morbidity
- The overall 5-year survival rate for patients with osteosarcoma who were diagnosed between 1974 and 1994 was 63% (59% for male patients, 70% for female patients).
Location
- Osteosarcoma originates more frequently in the metaphyseal region of tubular long bones, with 42% occurring in the femur, 19% in the tibia, 10% in the humerus, 8% in the skull and jaw, and another 8% in the pelvis.
Gender
- Osteosarcoma is slightly more common in males with a reported male-to-female ratio of around 1.5:1 to 2:1.
Age
- The incidence of osteosarcoma increases with age:
- In patients younger than 5 years diagnosed in about 1% of cases.
- In patients aged 5-9 years, diagnosed in about 2.6 cases for African Americans and 2.1 cases for caucasians per million population.
- In patients aged 10-14 years, diagnosed in about 8.3 cases for African Americans and 7 cases for caucasians per million population.
- In patients aged 15-19 years, diagnosed in about 8.9 cases for African Americans and 8.2 cases for caucasians per million population.
Race
- Osteosarcoma is slightly higher in african americans than in caucasians.
- The annual incidence in african american population 5.2 cases per million population younger than 20 years.
- The annual incidence in caucasians population 4.6 cases per million population younger than 20 years.
References
- ↑ Foley JM, Scholten DJ, Monks NR, Cherba D, Monsma DJ, Davidson P, Dylewski D, Dykema K, Winn ME, Steensma MR (April 2015). "Anoikis-resistant subpopulations of human osteosarcoma display significant chemoresistance and are sensitive to targeted epigenetic therapies predicted by expression profiling". J Transl Med. 13: 110. doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0466-4. PMC 4419490. PMID 25889105.
- ↑ Huang X, Zhao J, Bai J, Shen H, Zhang B, Deng L, Sun C, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zheng J (June 2019). "Risk and clinicopathological features of osteosarcoma metastasis to the lung: A population-based study". J Bone Oncol. 16: 100230. doi:10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100230. PMC 6423404. PMID 30923668.
- ↑ Simpson S, Dunning MD, de Brot S, Grau-Roma L, Mongan NP, Rutland CS (October 2017). "Comparative review of human and canine osteosarcoma: morphology, epidemiology, prognosis, treatment and genetics". Acta Vet. Scand. 59 (1): 71. doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0341-9. PMC 5655853. PMID 29065898.
- ↑ Moore DD, Luu HH (2014). "Osteosarcoma". Cancer Treat. Res. 162: 65–92. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07323-1_4. PMID 25070231.
- ↑ Osteosarcoma. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/hp/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq