Mitral stenosis risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sogand Goudarzi, MD [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of mitral stenosis in developing countries is rheumatic fever. Other risk factors include history of rheumatic fever and untreated streptococcus infection, calcium deposition (Mitral annular calcification), congenital disorder (babies with narrowed mitral valve), radiation (chest radiation), autoimmune diseases (Lupus).
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of mitral stenosis in developing countries is rheumatic fever. Other risk factors include history of rheumatic fever and untreated streptococcus infection, calcium deposition (Mitral annular calcification), congenital disorder (babies with narrowed mitral valve), radiation (chest radiation), autoimmune diseases (Lupus) and pregnancy.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever, is rare cause among developed countries (in the U.S). However, rheumatic fever is a common cause among the developing countries.[1][2][3]
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors in the development of mitral stenosis include:[4][5][6][7][8]
- Rheumatic fever (Among developed countries)
- Calcium deposition (Mitral annular calcification)
- Congenital disorder (Babies with narrowed mitral valve)
- Radiation (Chest radiation)
- Autoimmune diseases (Lupus)
- Pregnancy
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zühlke LJ, Beaton A, Engel ME, Hugo-Hamman CT, Karthikeyan G, Katzenellenbogen JM, Ntusi N, Ralph AP, Saxena A, Smeesters PR, Watkins D, Zilla P, Carapetis J (February 2017). "Group A Streptococcus, Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Considerations". Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 19 (2): 15. doi:10.1007/s11936-017-0513-y. PMC 5346434. PMID 28285457.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Selzer, Arthur; Cohn, Keith E. (1972). "Natural History of Mitral Stenosis: A Review". Circulation. 45 (4): 878–890. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.45.4.878. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Feldman, Ted (2016). "Rheumatic mitral stenosis". Postgraduate Medicine. 93 (6): 93–104. doi:10.1080/00325481.1993.11701686. ISSN 0032-5481.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Abstracts of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 12-15 May, 2004". J Gen Intern Med. 19 Suppl 1: 23–260. April 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.S1002.x. PMC 1492602. PMID 15107043.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Allison, Matthew A.; Cheung, Philip; Criqui, Michael H.; Langer, Robert D.; Wright, C. Michael (2006). "Mitral and Aortic Annular Calcification Are Highly Associated With Systemic Calcified Atherosclerosis". Circulation. 113 (6): 861–866. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.552844. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Gujral, Dorothy M; Lloyd, Guy; Bhattacharyya, Sanjeev (2016). "Radiation-induced valvular heart disease". Heart. 102 (4): 269–276. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308765. ISSN 1355-6037.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hasegawa, Ryo; Kitahara, Hiroto; Watanabe, Kuniyoshi; Kuroda, Hideo; Amano, Jun (2001). "Mitral stenosis and regurgitation with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome". The Japanese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 49 (12): 711–713. doi:10.1007/BF02913510. ISSN 1344-4964.
- ↑ Tsiaras S, Poppas A (March 2009). "Mitral valve disease in pregnancy: outcomes and management". Obstet Med. 2 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1258/om.2008.080002. PMC 4989773. PMID 27582798.