Lower gastrointestinal bleeding causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Common causes of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding include diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, ischemic colitis, colorectal cancer, anorectal diseases, infectious colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Less common causes of lower gastrointestinal tract include colonic polyps, radiation proctitis, and rectal varices.

Causes

Common causes

Common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding inclue:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[2]^[10]

Colonic diverticulosis
Vascular ectasias (angiodysplasias/angioectasias)
Iatrogenic
Ischemic colitis
Colorectal malignancy
Anorectal abnormalities
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Infectious colitis

Less common causes

Less common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding include:

References

↑ Bresci G (2009). "Occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: Causes and diagnostic approach in 2009". World J Gastrointest Endosc. 1 (1): 3–6. doi:10.4253/wjge.v1.i1.3. PMC 2999069. PMID 21160643.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Ghassemi KA, Jensen DM (2013). "Lower GI bleeding: epidemiology and management". Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 15 (7): 333. doi:10.1007/s11894-013-0333-5. PMC 3857214. PMID 23737154.
↑ Hillemeier C, Gryboski JD (1984). "Gastrointestinal bleeding in the pediatric patient". Yale J Biol Med. 57 (2): 135–47. PMC 2589822. PMID 6382833.
↑ Clouse RE, Costigan DJ, Mills BA, Zuckerman GR (1985). "Angiodysplasia as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Arch. Intern. Med. 145 (3): 458–61. PMID 3872107.
↑ Rockey DC (2010). "Occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: causes and clinical management". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7 (5): 265–79. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.42. PMID 20351759.
↑ "Hematemesis, Melena, and Hematochezia - Clinical Methods - NCBI Bookshelf".
↑ Navuluri R, Kang L, Patel J, Van Ha T (2012). "Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding". Semin Intervent Radiol. 29 (3): 178–86. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1326926. PMC 3577586. PMID 23997409.
↑ Feinman M, Haut ER (2014). "Lower gastrointestinal bleeding". Surg. Clin. North Am. 94 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2013.10.005. PMID 24267497.
↑ Zuccaro G (2008). "Epidemiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 22 (2): 225–32. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2007.10.009. PMID 18346680.
↑ Zahmatkeshan M, Fallahzadeh E, Najib K, Geramizadeh B, Haghighat M, Imanieh MH (2012). "Etiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in children:a single center experience from southern iran". Middle East J Dig Dis. 4 (4): 216–23. PMC 3990129. PMID 24829660.

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[pmid21160643-1] Bresci G (2009). "Occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: Causes and diagnostic approach in 2009". World J Gastrointest Endosc. 1 (1): 3–6. doi:10.4253/wjge.v1.i1.3. PMC 2999069. PMID 21160643.

[pmid23737154-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Ghassemi KA, Jensen DM (2013). "Lower GI bleeding: epidemiology and management". Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 15 (7): 333. doi:10.1007/s11894-013-0333-5. PMC 3857214. PMID 23737154.

[pmid6382833-3] Hillemeier C, Gryboski JD (1984). "Gastrointestinal bleeding in the pediatric patient". Yale J Biol Med. 57 (2): 135–47. PMC 2589822. PMID 6382833.

[pmid3872107-4] Clouse RE, Costigan DJ, Mills BA, Zuckerman GR (1985). "Angiodysplasia as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Arch. Intern. Med. 145 (3): 458–61. PMID 3872107.

[pmid20351759-5] Rockey DC (2010). "Occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: causes and clinical management". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7 (5): 265–79. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.42. PMID 20351759.

[urlHematemesis,_Melena,_and_Hematochezia_-_Clinical_Methods_-_NCBI_Bookshelf-6] "Hematemesis, Melena, and Hematochezia - Clinical Methods - NCBI Bookshelf".

[pmid23997409-7] Navuluri R, Kang L, Patel J, Van Ha T (2012). "Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding". Semin Intervent Radiol. 29 (3): 178–86. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1326926. PMC 3577586. PMID 23997409.

[pmid24267497-8] Feinman M, Haut ER (2014). "Lower gastrointestinal bleeding". Surg. Clin. North Am. 94 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2013.10.005. PMID 24267497.

[pmid18346680-9] Zuccaro G (2008). "Epidemiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 22 (2): 225–32. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2007.10.009. PMID 18346680.

[pmid24829660-10] Zahmatkeshan M, Fallahzadeh E, Najib K, Geramizadeh B, Haghighat M, Imanieh MH (2012). "Etiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in children:a single center experience from southern iran". Middle East J Dig Dis. 4 (4): 216–23. PMC 3990129. PMID 24829660.

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