Hepatocellular carcinoma causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2] Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [3]
Overview
Common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, and hepatic porphyrias. Other causes include non alcholic fatty liver disease, non-alchoholic steatohepatitis, and metabolic disorders as diabetes mellitus type two and obesity.
Common Causes
Common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma include the following:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Liver cirrhosis
- Aflatoxins
- Hemochromatosis
- Hepatic porphyrias (acute intermittent porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda, hereditary coproporphyria, and variegate porphyria)
- Tyrosinemia type 1
Less common causes
Less common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma include the following:[8][9][10]
- Non alcholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)
- Non alchoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)
- Metabolic disorders:
- Gut microbiota[11]
Drugs
The carcinogenic drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma are:
References
- ↑ Jiang, Kun; Centeno, Barbara A. (2018). "Primary Liver Cancers, Part 2". Cancer Control. 25 (1): 107327481774465. doi:10.1177/1073274817744658. ISSN 1073-2748.
- ↑ Said, Adnan; Ghufran, Aiman (2017). "Epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma". World Journal of Clinical Oncology. 8 (6): 429–436. doi:10.5306/wjco.v8.i6.429. ISSN 2218-4333.
- ↑ Erkekoglu P, Oral D, Chao MW, Kocer-Gumusel B (2017). "Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Possible Chemical and Biological Causes: A Review". J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 36 (2): 171–190. doi:10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2017020927. PMID 29199597.
- ↑ Fu, Jing; Wang, Hongyang (2018). "Precision diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in China". Cancer Letters. 412: 283–288. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.008. ISSN 0304-3835.
- ↑ Fujiwara N, Friedman SL, Goossens N, Hoshida Y (2017). "Risk factors and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine". J. Hepatol. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.016. PMID 28989095.
- ↑ Parkin, Donald Maxwell (2006). "The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002". International Journal of Cancer. 118 (12): 3030–3044. doi:10.1002/ijc.21731. ISSN 0020-7136.
- ↑ Shi, J; Zhu, L; Liu, S; Xie, W-f (2005). "A meta-analysis of case–control studies on the combined effect of hepatitis B and C virus infections in causing hepatocellular carcinoma in China". British Journal of Cancer. 92 (3): 607–612. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602333. ISSN 0007-0920.
- ↑ Agosti, Pasquale; Sabbà, Carlo; Mazzocca, Antonio (2018). "Emerging metabolic risk factors in hepatocellular carcinoma and their influence on the liver microenvironment". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1864 (2): 607–617. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.026. ISSN 0925-4439.
- ↑ Gerbes A, Zoulim F, Tilg H, Dufour JF, Bruix J, Paradis V, Salem R, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Galle PR, Greten TF, Nault JC, Avila MA (2018). "Gut roundtable meeting paper: selected recent advances in hepatocellular carcinoma". Gut. 67 (2): 380–388. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315068. PMID 29150490.
- ↑ Didi-Kouko Coulibaly J, Yeboua M, Kouassi Mbengue A, Kouadio EA, Anzouan-Kacou Kissi H, Binan AY, Lohoues Kouacou MJ, Attia A, N'Drin DY, Toutou T, Adoubi I, Pineau P (2017). "Evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiology in Côte d'Ivoire". Bull Cancer. 104 (11): 937–945. doi:10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.09.010. PMID 29128083.
- ↑ Sanduzzi Zamparelli M, Rocco A, Compare D, Nardone G (2017). "The gut microbiota: A new potential driving force in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma". United European Gastroenterol J. 5 (7): 944–953. doi:10.1177/2050640617705576. PMC 5676553. PMID 29163959.