Hepatic encephalopathy other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ;Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Psychometric testing may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. The number connection test (trail making test or Reitan Test) can help. The Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) may help including a simplified version (SPHES). The SPHES drops the trail making tests and so includes digit symbol test (DST), serial dotting test (SDT), line tracing test (LTT).
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Psychometric testing may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy.
- The Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) may help[4][5][6] including a simplified version (SPHES)[6]. The SPHES drops the trail making tests and so includes:
- Digit symbol test (DST)
- Serial dotting test (SDT)
- Line tracing test (LTT)
- The inhibitory control test (ICT) may be a faster way to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy than standard psychometric tests (average administration time of 15 minutes versus 37 minutes).[7]
- The Mini-Mental State Examination has been tested and may[8][9] or may not[10] help diagnose encephalopathy.
References
- ↑ Weissenborn K, Rückert N, Hecker H, Manns MP (1998). "The number connection tests A and B: interindividual variability and use for the assessment of early hepatic encephalopathy". J Hepatol. 28 (4): 646–53. PMID 9566834.
- ↑ Amodio P, Del Piccolo F, Marchetti P, Angeli P, Iemmolo R, Caregaro L; et al. (1999). "Clinical features and survivial of cirrhotic patients with subclinical cognitive alterations detected by the number connection test and computerized psychometric tests". Hepatology. 29 (6): 1662–7. doi:10.1002/hep.510290619. PMID 10347105.
- ↑ Conn HO (1977). "Trailmaking and number-connection tests in the assessment of mental state in portal systemic encephalopathy". Am J Dig Dis. 22 (6): 541–50. PMID 868833.
- ↑ Montagnese S, Balistreri E, Schiff S, De Rui M, Angeli P, Zanus G; et al. (2014). "Covert hepatic encephalopathy: agreement and predictive validity of different indices". World J Gastroenterol. 20 (42): 15756–62. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15756. PMC 4229541. PMID 25400460.
- ↑ Weissenborn K, Ennen JC, Schomerus H, Rückert N, Hecker H (2001). "Neuropsychological characterization of hepatic encephalopathy". J Hepatol. 34 (5): 768–73. PMID 11434627.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Riggio O, Ridola L, Pasquale C, Pentassuglio I, Nardelli S, Moscucci F; et al. (2011). "A simplified psychometric evaluation for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 9 (7): 613–6.e1. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.03.017. PMID 21440091.
- ↑ Bajaj JS, Saeian K, Verber MD; et al. (2007). "Inhibitory control test is a simple method to diagnose minimal hepatic encephalopathy and predict development of overt hepatic encephalopathy". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (4): 754–60. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01048.x. PMID 17222319.
- ↑ Corrias M, Turco M, Rui MD, Gatta A, Angeli P, Merkel C; et al. (2014). "Covert hepatic encephalopathy: does the mini-mental state examination help?". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 4 (2): 89–93. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.12.005. PMC 4116703. PMID 25755545.
- ↑ Torres DS, Abrantes J, Brandão-Mello CE (2013). "Cognitive assessment of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy in Brazil". Metab Brain Dis. 28 (3): 473–83. doi:10.1007/s11011-013-9405-3. PMC 3734603. PMID 23625323.
- ↑ Koziarska D, Wunsch E, Milkiewicz M, Wójcicki M, Nowacki P, Milkiewicz P (2013). "Mini-Mental State Examination in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and liver cirrhosis: a prospective, quantified electroencephalography study". BMC Gastroenterol. 13: 107. doi:10.1186/1471-230X-13-107. PMC 3716589. PMID 23815160.