Calcium channel blockers overdose

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Calcium channel blockers are a class of medication used to treat high blood pressure. Calcium channel blocker overdose occurs when someone accidentally or intentionally takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medication.

Prognosis

Taking too much of this medication can be extremely dangerous. Death can occur, especially with verapamil. If your low heart rate and blood pressure can be corrected survival is likley. Survival depends on how much and what type of this medication you take along with how quickly you seek medical treatment.

Diagnosis

Symptoms

• Confusion
• Constipation
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Irregular heartbeat
• Nausea
• Slow heartbeat
• Slurred speech
• Shortness of breath
• Weakness

Electrocardiogram

Bradycardia

EKG findings in calcium channel blocker overdose include:

• Sinus bradycardia
• 2nd and 3rd degree heart block
• Sinus arrest with nodal escape rhythms
• Accelerated atrioventricular node conduction
• Asystole

Treatment

• Early treatment with high insulin/glucose to treat severe calcium channel blocker overdose.
• Airway protection to prevent vomiting and aspiration.
• Activated charcoal
• Breathing tube (artificial respiration)
• Fluids through a vein (by IV)
• Laxative
• Medications to increase heart rate and blood pressure, and help reverse poisoning
• Tube through the nose into the stomach to wash out the stomach (gastric lavage)