Acromegaly natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

If left untreated, 30% of patients with acromegaly may progress to develop cardiovascular manifestations, pulmonary dysfunction, and cerebral complications. Common complications of acromegaly include hypertension, arrhythmia, heart failure, sleep apnea, dyspnea, carpal tunnel syndrome and spinal cord compression. Prognosis of acromegaly is generally good with transsphenoidal surgery and the postoperative treatment.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

  • If left untreated, 30% of patients with acromegaly may progress to develop cardiovascular manifestations, pulmonary dysfunction, and cerebral complications. These comorbidities will increase the mortality rate.[1]

Complications

Prognosis

  • Prognosis of acromegaly is generally good with transsphenoidal surgery and the postoperative treatment.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly are associated with better prognosis.[3]
  • The acral features of the acromegaly in the face, hands, and feet usually return to normal after the surgery.

References

  1. Melmed S (2009). "Acromegaly pathogenesis and treatment". J Clin Invest. 119 (11): 3189–202. doi:10.1172/JCI39375. PMC 2769196. PMID 19884662.
  2. Berg C, Petersenn S, Lahner H, Herrmann BL, Buchfelder M, Droste M; et al. (2010). "Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with uncontrolled and long-term acromegaly: comparison with matched data from the general population and the effect of disease control". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 95 (8): 3648–56. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2570. PMID 20463098.
  3. Kršek M (2015). "[Acromegaly: current view]". Vnitr Lek. 61 (10): 900–4. PMID 26486485.


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