Typhoid fever differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Line 21: Line 21:
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Shigellosis]] & other bacterial enteric infections'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Shigellosis]] & other bacterial enteric infections'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with [[diarrhea]], possibly [[Dysentery|bloody]], accompanied by [[fever]], [[nausea]], and sometimes [[toxemia]], [[vomiting]], [[cramps]], and [[tenesmus]]. [[Stool]]s contain [[blood]] and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and [[blood smear]]s, should be made. Presence of [[leucocytosis]] distinguishes bacterial infections from [[viral infections]].
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with [[diarrhea]], possibly [[Dysentery|bloody]], accompanied by [[fever]], [[nausea]], and sometimes [[toxemia]], [[vomiting]], [[cramps]], and [[tenesmus]]. [[Stool]]s contain [[blood]] and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and [[blood smear]]s, should be made. Presence of [[leukocytosis]] distinguishes bacterial infections from [[viral infections]].
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Malaria]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Malaria]]'''

Revision as of 18:58, 8 September 2016

Typhoid fever Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Typhoid fever from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other diagnostic tests

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Typhoid fever differential diagnosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Typhoid fever differential diagnosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Typhoid fever differential diagnosis

CDC on Typhoid fever differential diagnosis

Typhoid fever differential diagnosis in the news

Blogs on Typhoid fever differential diagnosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Typhoid fever

Risk calculators and risk factors for Typhoid fever differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2], Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

Typhoid fever must be differentiated from other diseases that cause fever, diarrhea, and dehydration, such as Ebola, Shigellosis, malaria, and Lassa fever.

Differentiating Typhoid fever from other Diseases

The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate Typhoid fever from other conditions that cause fever, diarrhea, dehydration, and non-specific abdominal symptoms.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Disease Findings
Typhoid fever-like syndrome Caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, C or Choleraesuis. Presents with fever, chills, vomiting, abdominal pain, generalized pain or malaise following an incubation period of 5-21 days.
Ebola Presents with fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, generalized pain or malaise, and sometimes internal and external bleeding following an incubation period of 2-21 days.
Shigellosis & other bacterial enteric infections Presents with diarrhea, possibly bloody, accompanied by fever, nausea, and sometimes toxemia, vomiting, cramps, and tenesmus. Stools contain blood and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and blood smears, should be made. Presence of leukocytosis distinguishes bacterial infections from viral infections.
Malaria Presents with acute fever, headache, and sometimes diarrhea (in children). A blood smear must be examined for malaria parasites. The presence of parasites does not exclude concurrent viral infection. An antimalarial should be prescribed as an empiric therapy.
Lassa fever Disease onset is usually gradual, with fever, sore throat, cough, pharyngitis, and facial edema in the later stages. Inflammation and exudation of the pharynx and conjunctiva are common.
Yellow fever and other Flaviviridae Present with hemorrhagic complications. Epidemiological investigation may reveal a pattern of disease transmission by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation are helpful for distinguishing these viruses. Confirmed history of previous yellow fever vaccination will rule out yellow fever.
Abdominal abscess (e.g., ameobic hepatic abcess) May present with abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. H/o surgery, presence of a mass on physical examination, ultrasound or CT scan may help rule out abdominal abscess in such cases.
Brucellosis Presents with recurrent fevers, acute abdominal pain, and other symptoms resembling typhoid fever. History of exposure to infected animals, including work in a slaughterhouse or as a veterinarian, may help differentiate brucellosis from typhoid fever.
Others Viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, rheumatic fever, typhus, appendicitis, dengue fever,toxoplasmosis, rickettsial diseases, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, and mononucleosis can produce signs and symptoms that may be confused with typhoid fever in the early stages of infection.

References

  1. "CDC Typhoid Fever". Center for Disease Control. 2005-10-25. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  2. "Reorganized text". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 141 (5): 428. 2015. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540. PMID 25996397.
  3. Parry CM, Hien TT, Dougan G, White NJ, Farrar JJ (2002). "Typhoid fever". N Engl J Med. 347 (22): 1770–82. doi:10.1056/NEJMra020201. PMID 12456854.
  4. MacFadden DR, Bogoch II, Andrews JR (2016). "Advances in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of invasive Salmonella infections". Curr Opin Infect Dis. 29 (5): 453–458. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000302. PMID 27479027.
  5. Lynch MF, Blanton EM, Bulens S, Polyak C, Vojdani J, Stevenson J; et al. (2009). "Typhoid fever in the United States, 1999-2006". JAMA. 302 (8): 859–65. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1229. PMID 19706859.
  6. Güleşen R, Levent B, Üvey M, Bayrak H, Akgeyik M (2016). "[Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella strains recovered from environmental samples between 2008-2014]". Mikrobiyol Bul. 50 (3): 371–81. PMID 27525393.
  7. SAPHRA I, WASSERMANN M (1954). "Salmonella cholerae suis: a clinical and epidemiological evaluation of 329 infections identified between 1940 and 1954 in the New York Salmonella Center". Am J Med Sci. 228 (5): 525–33. PMID 13207112.
  8. Göke M, Neurath M, Braunstein S, Daniello S, Knolle P, Dippold W; et al. (1993). "Brucellosis: differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain". Z Gastroenterol. 31 (11): 671–4. PMID 8291280.

Template:WH Template:WS