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__NOTOC__
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{{Traveler's diarrhea}}
{{Traveler's diarrhea}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{SSK}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Dehydration]] is a serious consequence, with [[death]] occurring in as quickly as 24 hours with [[cholera]].
In the general population, traveler's diarrhea is usually self-limited with an excellent prognosis in the majority of cases. In bacterial and viral traveler's diarrhea, symptoms typically last a few hours to several days after exposure. In protozoal traveler's diarrhea, symptoms may persist for several weeks / months. Complications of traveler's diarrhea are generally related to the dehydration associated with severe diarrhea. Other complications are related to the infectious agent responsible for the disease.
 
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
*In the general population, traveler's diarrhea is usually self-limited with an excellent prognosis in the majority of cases.
*The following table summarizes, the natural history, complications, and prognosis of the common infectious agents responsible for traveler's diarrhea.
 
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Agent'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Incubation Period'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Natural History'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Common Complications'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Prognosis in the General Population'''
|-
|colspan="5" style="background:#f0f0f0; |<span style="font-size:130%">'''Bacteria'''</span>
|-
| [[E. coli enteritis|''E. coli'']]
|
*1 day to 10 days
|
*Fever uncommon
*[[diarrhea|Acute watery diarrhea]] and [[abdominal pain]]
*Diarrhea may convert to [[diarrhea|bloody diarrhea]] (if EHEC or EIEC infection)
*Symptoms may last a few days to more than a week. Usually self-limited
|
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
*[[TTP]]
*[[Acute kidney injury]]
|
*Excellent
|-
| ''[[Campylobacter jejuni]]''
|
*1 day to 7 days
|
*[[Fever]], [[diarrhea|acute watery diarrhea]] (may be bloody), [[abdominal pain]]
*Symptoms last 2-5 days
*Usually self-limited
|
*[[Guillain-Barre syndrome]]
|
*Excellent
|-
| [[Shigellosis|''Shigella'']]
|
*1 day to 3 days
|
*[[Fever]], [[diarrhea|acute bloody diarrhea]], [[abdominal pain]]
*Symptoms usually last 4-7 days
*Usually self-limited
|
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
*[[TTP]]
*[[Acute kidney injury]]
|
*Excellent
|-
| [[Salmonellosis|''Salmonella'']]
|
*6 hrs to 3 days
|
*[[Fever]], [[diarrhea|acute watery diarrhea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]].
*Symptoms usually last between a few hours to 3 days
*Usually self-limited, but patients may become chronic carriers
|
*[[Reactive arthritis]]
*Chronic carriage
|
*Excellent
|-
|colspan="5" style="background:#f0f0f0; |<span style="font-size:130%">'''Viruses'''</span>
|-
| [[Norovirus infection|Norovirus]]
|
*12 hrs to 2 days
|
*[[diarrhea|Acute watery diarrhea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]]
*Symptoms usually last 1-3 days
*Usually self-limited
|
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Acute kidney injury]]
|
*Excellent
|-
| [[Rotavirus infection|Rotavirus]]
|
*12 hrs to 2 days
|
*[[Diarrhea|Acute watery diarrhea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]]
*Symptoms usually last 3-7 days
*Usually self-limited
|
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Acute kidney injury]]
|
*Excellent
|-
|colspan="5" style="background:#f0f0f0; |<span style="font-size:130%">'''Protozoa'''</span>
|-
| [[Giardiasis|''Giardia'']]
|
*7 days to 21 days
|
*[[Diarrhea|Acute or chronic watery diarrhea]], [[bloating]], and [[weight loss]]
*Usually self-limited (acute phase only)
*Symptoms persist in some untreated patients for several weeks (progression to chronic phase)
|
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Failure to thrive]]
*Unlike amebiasis, extraluminal complications in giardiasis are rare (ocular disease, [[myopathy]], unconfirmed association with [[pancreatic cancer|pancreatic]] or [[gallbladder cancer]])
|
*Excellent
|-
| [[Amebiasis|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
|
*7 days to 21 days
|
*[[Diarrhea|Acute or chronic watery diarrhea]], [[bloating]], and [[weight loss]]
*Usually self-limited
*Symptoms may persist in some untreated patients for several weeks
 
|
*Extraluminal complications common
:*[[Amebic liver abscess]]
:*Cerebral amebiasis
:*Pleuropulmonary amebiasis
:*Cardiac amebiasis
|
*Excellent
|-
| [[Cryptosporidiosis|''Cryptosporidium'']]
|
*2 days to 10 days
|
*[[Fever]], [[diarrhea|watery diarrhea]], and [[vomiting]]
*In immunocompetent patients, symptoms usually self-limited, last 1-2 weeks
|
*Gall bladder disease ([[acalculous cholecystitis]], [[sclerosing cholangitis]])
|
*Excellent
|}
 
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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[[Category:Foodborne illnesses]]
[[Category:Foodborne illnesses]]
[[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
[[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]

Latest revision as of 19:00, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.

Overview

In the general population, traveler's diarrhea is usually self-limited with an excellent prognosis in the majority of cases. In bacterial and viral traveler's diarrhea, symptoms typically last a few hours to several days after exposure. In protozoal traveler's diarrhea, symptoms may persist for several weeks / months. Complications of traveler's diarrhea are generally related to the dehydration associated with severe diarrhea. Other complications are related to the infectious agent responsible for the disease.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

  • In the general population, traveler's diarrhea is usually self-limited with an excellent prognosis in the majority of cases.
  • The following table summarizes, the natural history, complications, and prognosis of the common infectious agents responsible for traveler's diarrhea.
Agent Incubation Period Natural History Common Complications Prognosis in the General Population
Bacteria
E. coli
  • 1 day to 10 days
  • Excellent
Campylobacter jejuni
  • 1 day to 7 days
  • Excellent
Shigella
  • 1 day to 3 days
  • Excellent
Salmonella
  • 6 hrs to 3 days
  • Excellent
Viruses
Norovirus
  • 12 hrs to 2 days
  • Excellent
Rotavirus
  • 12 hrs to 2 days
  • Excellent
Protozoa
Giardia
  • 7 days to 21 days
  • Excellent
Entamoeba histolytica
  • 7 days to 21 days
  • Extraluminal complications common
  • Excellent
Cryptosporidium
  • 2 days to 10 days
  • Excellent

References


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