Traveler's diarrhea natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{SSK}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{SSK}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
In the general population, traveler's diarrhea is usually self-limited with an excellent prognosis in the majority of cases. In bacterial and viral traveler's diarrhea, symptoms typically last within a few days to several days after exposure. In protozoal traveler's diarrhea, the incubation period may last up to 1 to 3 weeks, and symptoms may persist for several weeks / months. Complications of traveler's diarrhea are generally related to the dehydration associated with severe diarrhea. Other complications are related to the infectious agent responsible for the disease.  
In the general population, traveler's diarrhea is usually self-limited with an excellent prognosis in the majority of cases. In bacterial and viral traveler's diarrhea, symptoms typically last a few hours to several days after exposure. In protozoal traveler's diarrhea, symptoms may persist for several weeks / months. Complications of traveler's diarrhea are generally related to the dehydration associated with severe diarrhea. Other complications are related to the infectious agent responsible for the disease.  


==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
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| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Prognosis in the General Population'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Prognosis in the General Population'''
|-
|-
| [[E. coli enteritis|E. coli]]
|colspan="5" style="background:#f0f0f0; |<span style="font-size:130%">'''Bacteria'''</span>
|-
| [[E. coli enteritis|''E. coli'']]
|
|
*1 day to 10 days
*1 day to 10 days
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*Excellent
*Excellent
|-
|-
| [[Campylobacter jejuni]]
| ''[[Campylobacter jejuni]]''
|
|
*1 day to 7 days
*1 day to 7 days
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*Excellent
*Excellent
|-
|-
| [[Salmonellosis|Salmonella]]
| [[Shigellosis|''Shigella'']]
|
*1 day to 3 days
|
*[[Fever]], [[diarrhea|acute bloody diarrhea]], [[abdominal pain]]
*Symptoms usually last 4-7 days
*Usually self-limited
|
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
*[[TTP]]
*[[Acute kidney injury]]
|
*Excellent
|-
| [[Salmonellosis|''Salmonella'']]
|
|
*6 hrs to 3 days
*6 hrs to 3 days
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*Excellent
*Excellent
|-
|-
| [[Shigellosis|Shigella]]
|colspan="5" style="background:#f0f0f0; |<span style="font-size:130%">'''Viruses'''</span>
|
*1 day to 3 days
|
*[[Fever]], [[diarrhea|acute bloody diarrhea]], [[abdominal pain]]
*Symptoms usually last 4-7 days
*Usually self-limited
|
*[[Dehydration]], [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]], [[TTP]], [[acute kidney injury]]
|
*Excellent
|-
|-
| [[Norovirus infection|Norovirus]]
| [[Norovirus infection|Norovirus]]
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*Excellent
*Excellent
|-
|-
| [[Giardiasis|Giardia]]
|colspan="5" style="background:#f0f0f0; |<span style="font-size:130%">'''Protozoa'''</span>
|-
| [[Giardiasis|''Giardia'']]
|
|
*7 days to 21 days
*7 days to 21 days
|
|
*[[Diarrhea|Chronic watery diarrhea]], [[bloating]], and [[weight loss]]
*[[Diarrhea|Acute or chronic watery diarrhea]], [[bloating]], and [[weight loss]]
*Symptoms persist if not treated
*Usually self-limited (acute phase only)
*Symptoms persist in some untreated patients for several weeks (progression to chronic phase)
|
|
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Failure to thrive]]
*[[Failure to thrive]]
*Ocular complications
*Unlike amebiasis, extraluminal complications in giardiasis are rare (ocular disease, [[myopathy]], unconfirmed association with [[pancreatic cancer|pancreatic]] or [[gallbladder cancer]])
*[[Myopathy]]
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
|
|
*Excellent
*Excellent
|-
|-
| [[Amebiasis|Entamoeba histolytica]]
| [[Amebiasis|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
|
|
*7 days to 21 days
*7 days to 21 days
|
|
*[[Diarrhea|Chronic watery diarrhea]], [[bloating]], and [[weight loss]]
*[[Diarrhea|Acute or chronic watery diarrhea]], [[bloating]], and [[weight loss]]
*Symptoms persist if not treated
*Usually self-limited
*Symptoms may persist in some untreated patients for several weeks


|
|
*[[Amebic liver abscess]]
*Extraluminal complications common
*Other extraluminal involvement (cerebral, pleuropulmonary, cardiac)
:*[[Amebic liver abscess]]
:*Cerebral amebiasis
:*Pleuropulmonary amebiasis
:*Cardiac amebiasis
|
|
*Excellent
*Excellent
|-
|-
| [[Cryptosporidiosis|Cryptosporidium]]
| [[Cryptosporidiosis|''Cryptosporidium'']]
|
|
*2 days to 10 days
*2 days to 10 days
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[[Category:Foodborne illnesses]]
[[Category:Foodborne illnesses]]
[[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
[[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]

Latest revision as of 19:00, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.

Overview

In the general population, traveler's diarrhea is usually self-limited with an excellent prognosis in the majority of cases. In bacterial and viral traveler's diarrhea, symptoms typically last a few hours to several days after exposure. In protozoal traveler's diarrhea, symptoms may persist for several weeks / months. Complications of traveler's diarrhea are generally related to the dehydration associated with severe diarrhea. Other complications are related to the infectious agent responsible for the disease.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

  • In the general population, traveler's diarrhea is usually self-limited with an excellent prognosis in the majority of cases.
  • The following table summarizes, the natural history, complications, and prognosis of the common infectious agents responsible for traveler's diarrhea.
Agent Incubation Period Natural History Common Complications Prognosis in the General Population
Bacteria
E. coli
  • 1 day to 10 days
  • Excellent
Campylobacter jejuni
  • 1 day to 7 days
  • Excellent
Shigella
  • 1 day to 3 days
  • Excellent
Salmonella
  • 6 hrs to 3 days
  • Excellent
Viruses
Norovirus
  • 12 hrs to 2 days
  • Excellent
Rotavirus
  • 12 hrs to 2 days
  • Excellent
Protozoa
Giardia
  • 7 days to 21 days
  • Excellent
Entamoeba histolytica
  • 7 days to 21 days
  • Extraluminal complications common
  • Excellent
Cryptosporidium
  • 2 days to 10 days
  • Excellent

References


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