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{{Temporal arteritis}}
{{Temporal arteritis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HQ}}
==Overview==
The hallmark of temporal arteritis is a [[headache]]. The most common symptoms of temporal arteritis include [[headache]], [[jaw claudication]], and [[fatigue]]. Common symptoms of temporal arteritis include [[Visual disturbance|visual symptoms]], [[jaw claudication]], [[headache]], [[fatigue]], and [[neck]], [[shoulder]], [[pelvic girdle pain]]. Less common symptoms of temporal arteritis include limb [[Peripheral arterial disease|claudication]], [[Transient ischemic attack|TIA]], [[stroke]], [[facial pain]], [[bleeding gums]], [[Mouth sores (patient information)|mouth sores]], and [[Arthritis|joint pains]].


{{CMG}}
==History and Symptoms==
This diagnosis should be considered in any patient over the age of 50 with the new onset of [[headache]], particularly if the [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] is elevated.
 
The hallmark of temporal arteritis is a [[headache]]. The most common symptoms of temporal arteritis include [[headache]], [[jaw claudication]], and [[fatigue]].


==History and Symptoms==
===History===
Patients with temporal arteritis may have a positive history of:<ref name="DasguptaBorg2010">{{cite journal|last1=Dasgupta|first1=B.|last2=Borg|first2=F. A.|last3=Hassan|first3=N.|last4=Alexander|first4=L.|last5=Barraclough|first5=K.|last6=Bourke|first6=B.|last7=Fulcher|first7=J.|last8=Hollywood|first8=J.|last9=Hutchings|first9=A.|last10=James|first10=P.|last11=Kyle|first11=V.|last12=Nott|first12=J.|last13=Power|first13=M.|last14=Samanta|first14=A.|title=BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritis|journal=Rheumatology|volume=49|issue=8|year=2010|pages=1594–1597|issn=1462-0324|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/keq039a}}</ref><ref name="pmid11734678">{{cite journal| author=Bhatti MT, Tabandeh H| title=Giant cell arteritis: diagnosis and management. | journal=Curr Opin Ophthalmol | year= 2001 | volume= 12 | issue= 6 | pages= 393-9 | pmid=11734678 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11734678  }} </ref><ref name="KuoMcCluskey2016">{{cite journal|last1=Kuo|first1=Chih-Hung|last2=McCluskey|first2=Peter|last3=Fraser|first3=Clare L.|title=Chewing Gum Test for Jaw Claudication in Giant-Cell Arteritis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=374|issue=18|year=2016|pages=1794–1795|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMc1511420}}</ref>
*[[Visual system|Visual symptoms]]
*[[Headache]]
*[[Jaw claudication]]
*[[Fatigue]]
*[[Neck]], [[shoulder]], [[pelvic girdle pain]]


This diagnosis should be considered in any patient over the age of 50 with the new onset of [[headache]], particularly if the [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] is elevated.
===Common Symptoms===
===Common Symptoms===
Patients present with:
Patients present with:<ref name="pmid2202311">{{cite journal| author=Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Stevens MB, Arend WP, Calabrese LH et al.| title=The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 1990 | volume= 33 | issue= 8 | pages= 1122-8 | pmid=2202311 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2202311  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11550973">{{cite journal| author=Nesher G, Nesher R, Rozenman Y, Sonnenblick M| title=Visual hallucinations in giant cell arteritis: association with visual loss. | journal=J Rheumatol | year= 2001 | volume= 28 | issue= 9 | pages= 2046-8 | pmid=11550973 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11550973  }} </ref>
*Excessive sweating
*Excessive [[Perspiration|sweating]]
*[[Fever]]
*[[Fever]]
*General ill feeling
*General ill feeling
*[[Jaw pain]] that comes and goes or occurs when chewing
*[[Jaw pain]] that comes and goes or occurs when chewing
*Loss of appetite
*Loss of [[appetite]]
*Muscle aches
*[[Myalgia|Muscle aches]]
*Pain and stiffness in the neck, upper arms, shoulder, and hips
*[[Pain]] and [[Neck stiffness|stiffness]] in the [[neck]], upper arms, [[shoulder]], and [[Hip (anatomy)|hips]]
*Throbbing [[headache]] on one side of the head or the back of the head
*Throbbing [[headache]] on one side of the [[head]] or the back of the [[head]]
*[[Scalp]] sensitivity, tenderness when touching the scalp
*[[Scalp]] sensitivity, [[tenderness]] when touching the [[scalp]]
*Vision difficulties
*[[Visual system|Vision difficulties]] include:
**Blurred vision
**[[Blurred vision]]
**Double vision
**[[Diplopia|Double vision]]
**Reduced vision (blindness in one or both eyes)
**[[Low vision|Reduced vision]] ([[blindness]] in one or both eyes)
*Weakness, excessive tiredness
*[[Muscle weakness|Weakness]], excessive tiredness
*Weight loss (more than 5% of total body weight)
*[[Weight loss]] (more than 5% of total body weight)


The inflammation may affect blood supply to the [[eye]] and [[blurred vision]] or sudden [[blindness]] may occur. In 76% of cases involving the eye, the [[ophthalmic artery]] is involved causing [[anterior ischemic optic neuropathy]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Hayreh |title=Ocular Manifestations of GCA |url=http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/dept/GCA/04-ocular.htm |date=April 3, 2003 |publisher University of Iowa Health Care |accessdate=2007-10-15}}</ref> Loss of vision in both eyes may occur very abruptly and this disease is therefore a [[medical emergency]].
About 40% of people will have other, nonspecific symptoms such as respiratory complaints (most frequently dry [[cough]]) or weakness or pain along many [[nerve]] areas. Rarely, [[paralysis]] of eye muscles may occur. A persistent fever may be the only symptom.
===Less Common Symptoms===
===Less Common Symptoms===
Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:
Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:<ref name="pmid11550973">{{cite journal| author=Nesher G, Nesher R, Rozenman Y, Sonnenblick M| title=Visual hallucinations in giant cell arteritis: association with visual loss. | journal=J Rheumatol | year= 2001 | volume= 28 | issue= 9 | pages= 2046-8 | pmid=11550973 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11550973  }} </ref>
*Bleeding gums
*[[Bleeding gums]]
*Face pain
*Face pain
*[[Hearing loss]]
*[[Hearing loss]]
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]

Latest revision as of 19:13, 16 April 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]

Overview

The hallmark of temporal arteritis is a headache. The most common symptoms of temporal arteritis include headache, jaw claudication, and fatigue. Common symptoms of temporal arteritis include visual symptoms, jaw claudication, headache, fatigue, and neck, shoulder, pelvic girdle pain. Less common symptoms of temporal arteritis include limb claudication, TIA, stroke, facial pain, bleeding gums, mouth sores, and joint pains.

History and Symptoms

This diagnosis should be considered in any patient over the age of 50 with the new onset of headache, particularly if the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is elevated.

The hallmark of temporal arteritis is a headache. The most common symptoms of temporal arteritis include headache, jaw claudication, and fatigue.

History

Patients with temporal arteritis may have a positive history of:[1][2][3]

Common Symptoms

Patients present with:[4][5]

Less Common Symptoms

Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:[5]

References

  1. Dasgupta, B.; Borg, F. A.; Hassan, N.; Alexander, L.; Barraclough, K.; Bourke, B.; Fulcher, J.; Hollywood, J.; Hutchings, A.; James, P.; Kyle, V.; Nott, J.; Power, M.; Samanta, A. (2010). "BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritis". Rheumatology. 49 (8): 1594–1597. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keq039a. ISSN 1462-0324.
  2. Bhatti MT, Tabandeh H (2001). "Giant cell arteritis: diagnosis and management". Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 12 (6): 393–9. PMID 11734678.
  3. Kuo, Chih-Hung; McCluskey, Peter; Fraser, Clare L. (2016). "Chewing Gum Test for Jaw Claudication in Giant-Cell Arteritis". New England Journal of Medicine. 374 (18): 1794–1795. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1511420. ISSN 0028-4793.
  4. Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Stevens MB, Arend WP, Calabrese LH; et al. (1990). "The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis". Arthritis Rheum. 33 (8): 1122–8. PMID 2202311.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Nesher G, Nesher R, Rozenman Y, Sonnenblick M (2001). "Visual hallucinations in giant cell arteritis: association with visual loss". J Rheumatol. 28 (9): 2046–8. PMID 11550973.


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