Supernumerary nipple: Difference between revisions

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{{SI}}
{{SI}}


{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
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===Physical Examination===
===Physical Examination===
The nipples appear along the two vertical "[[milk line]]s", which start in the armpit on each side, run down through the typical nipples and end at the groin. They are classified into eight levels of completeness from a simple patch of hair to a milk-bearing [[breast]] in miniature. <ref>Kajava Y. The proportions of supernumerary nipples in the Finnish population. Duodecim 1915;1:143-70.</ref><ref name="titleeMedicine - Breast Embryology : Article by Don R Revis, Jr, MD">{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic214.htm |title=eMedicine - Breast Embryology : Article by Don R Revis, Jr, MD |accessdate=2007-12-03 |format= |work=}}</ref>
The nipples appear along the two vertical "[[milk line]]s", which start in the armpit on each side, run down through the typical nipples and end at the groin. They are classified into eight levels of completeness from a simple patch of hair to a milk-bearing [[breast]] in miniature. <ref>Kajava Y. The proportions of supernumerary nipples in the Finnish population. Duodecim 1915;1:143-70.</ref><ref name="titleeMedicine - Breast Embryology : Article by Don R Revis, Jr, MD">{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic214.htm |title=eMedicine - Breast Embryology : Article by Don R Revis, Jr, MD |accessdate=2007-12-03 |format= |work=}}</ref>
====Skin====
=====Trunk=====
<gallery>
Image:Nipples supernumerary01.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>


Image:Nipples supernumerary02.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Nipples supernumerary03.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Nipples supernumerary04.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Nipples supernumerary05.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Nipples supernumerary06.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Nipples supernumerary07.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Nipples supernumerary08.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Nipples supernumerary09.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Nipples supernumerary10.jpg|Supernumerary nipples. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| '''type''' || '''[[gland|glandular tissue]]'''  || '''[[nipple]]'''  || '''[[areola]]'''  || '''[[fat tissue]]'''  || '''[[hair|hair patch]]'''
| '''type''' || '''[[gland|glandular tissue]]'''  || '''[[nipple]]'''  || '''[[areola]]'''  || '''[[fat tissue]]'''  || '''[[hair|hair patch]]'''
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A possible relationship with [[mitral valve prolapse]] has been proposed.<ref name="pmid10980229">{{cite journal |author=Rajaratnam K, Kumar PD, Sahasranam KV |title=Supernumerary nipple as a cutaneous marker of mitral valve prolapse in Asian Indians |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=695–7, A9 |year=2000 |pmid=10980229 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01057-2}}</ref>
A possible relationship with [[mitral valve prolapse]] has been proposed.<ref name="pmid10980229">{{cite journal |author=Rajaratnam K, Kumar PD, Sahasranam KV |title=Supernumerary nipple as a cutaneous marker of mitral valve prolapse in Asian Indians |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=695–7, A9 |year=2000 |pmid=10980229 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01057-2}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==

Latest revision as of 17:49, 30 July 2015

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List of terms related to Supernumerary nipple

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

A supernumerary nipple (also known as a third nipple, triple nipple, thripple, accessory nipple, polythelia or polymastia) is an additional nipple occurring in mammals, including humans. Often mistaken for moles, supernumerary nipples are diagnosed at a rate of 1 in 18 humans[1].

Diagnosis

Physical Examination

The nipples appear along the two vertical "milk lines", which start in the armpit on each side, run down through the typical nipples and end at the groin. They are classified into eight levels of completeness from a simple patch of hair to a milk-bearing breast in miniature. [2][3]

Skin

Trunk
type glandular tissue nipple areola fat tissue hair patch
1 yes
2 yes yes
3 yes yes
4 yes
5 ("pseudomamma") yes yes yes
6 ("polythelia") yes
7 ("polythelia areolaris") yes
8 ("polythelia pilosa ") yes

Polythelia refers to the presence of an additional nipple alone while polymastia denotes the much rarer presence of additional mammary glands.

Although usually presenting on the milk line, pseudomamma can appear as far away as the foot.[5]

A possible relationship with mitral valve prolapse has been proposed.[6]

References

  1. ↑ BBC article with reference to the rate of extra nipples appearing in humans —
  2. ↑ Kajava Y. The proportions of supernumerary nipples in the Finnish population. Duodecim 1915;1:143-70.
  3. ↑ "eMedicine - Breast Embryology : Article by Don R Revis, Jr, MD". Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 "Dermatology Atlas".
  5. ↑ "Pseudomamma on the foot: An unusual presentation of supernumerary breast tissue". Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  6. ↑ Rajaratnam K, Kumar PD, Sahasranam KV (2000). "Supernumerary nipple as a cutaneous marker of mitral valve prolapse in Asian Indians". Am. J. Cardiol. 86 (6): 695–7, A9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01057-2. PMID 10980229.

External links

See also

  • Accessory breast, a condition where an entire additional breast is present rather than simply an additional nipple

Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of integument


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