Subdural empyema laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

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{{Subdural empyema}}
{{Subdural empyema}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JS}}; {{AG}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Subdural empyema, also referred to as [[subdural abscess]], [[pachymeningitis interna]] and [[circumscript meningitis]], is a life-threatening [[infection]].<ref name="AgrawalTimothy2007">{{cite journal|last1=Agrawal|first1=Amit|last2=Timothy|first2=Jake|last3=Pandit|first3=Lekha|last4=Shetty|first4=Lathika|last5=Shetty|first5=J.P.|title=A Review of Subdural Empyema and Its Management|journal=Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice|volume=15|issue=3|year=2007|pages=149–153|issn=1056-9103|doi=10.1097/01.idc.0000269905.67284.c7}}</ref> It consists of a localised collection of [[pus|purulent]] material, usually unilateral, between the [[dura mater]] and the [[arachnoid mater]] and accounts for about 15-22% of the reported focal intracranial [[infections]].  The [[empyema]] may develop intracranially (about 95%) or in the [[spinal canal]] (about 5%), and in both cases, it constitutes a [[medical emergency|medical]] and [[surgical emergency|neurosurgical emergency]].<ref name="pmid12521560">{{cite journal| author=Greenlee JE| title=Subdural Empyema. | journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol | year= 2003 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 13-22 | pmid=12521560 | doi= | pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12521560  }} </ref>
Laboratory findings associated with subdural empyema are generally unspecific.  
The [[Cerebrospinal fluid]] profile is similar to that seen in [[brain abscesses]], because both are parameningeal infectious processes. Additionally to physical findings, laboratory data may be useful in telling which patient might need imaging study.<ref name="AgrawalTimothy2007">{{cite journal|last1=Agrawal|first1=Amit|last2=Timothy|first2=Jake|last3=Pandit|first3=Lekha|last4=Shetty|first4=Lathika|last5=Shetty|first5=J.P.|title=A Review of Subdural Empyema and Its Management|journal=Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice|volume=15|issue=3|year=2007|pages=149–153|issn=1056-9103|doi=10.1097/01.idc.0000269905.67284.c7}}</ref>


==Laboratory Findings==
==Laboratory Findings==
Although very unspecific, patients with subdural empyema usually have: <ref name="AgrawalTimothy2007">{{cite journal|last1=Agrawal|first1=Amit|last2=Timothy|first2=Jake|last3=Pandit|first3=Lekha|last4=Shetty|first4=Lathika|last5=Shetty|first5=J.P.|title=A Review of Subdural Empyema and Its Management|journal=Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice|volume=15|issue=3|year=2007|pages=149–153|issn=1056-9103|doi=10.1097/01.idc.0000269905.67284.c7}}</ref><ref name="Hendaus2013">{{cite journal|last1=Hendaus|first1=Mohammed A.|title=Subdural Empyema in Children|journal=Global Journal of Health Science|volume=5|issue=6|year=2013|issn=1916-9744|doi=10.5539/gjhs.v5n6p54}}</ref>
Laboratory findings associated with subdural empyema are generally unspecific. Often, elevated inflammatory markers are present, including:<ref name="AgrawalTimothy2007">{{cite journal|last1=Agrawal|first1=Amit|last2=Timothy|first2=Jake|last3=Pandit|first3=Lekha|last4=Shetty|first4=Lathika|last5=Shetty|first5=J.P.|title=A Review of Subdural Empyema and Its Management|journal=Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice|volume=15|issue=3|year=2007|pages=149–153|issn=1056-9103|doi=10.1097/01.idc.0000269905.67284.c7}}</ref><ref name="Hendaus2013">{{cite journal|last1=Hendaus|first1=Mohammed A.|title=Subdural Empyema in Children|journal=Global Journal of Health Science|volume=5|issue=6|year=2013|issn=1916-9744|doi=10.5539/gjhs.v5n6p54}}</ref>
*[[Leukocytes]]
*[[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]]
*[[C-reactive protein]]


*elevated [[white blood cell count]]
Additionally, pathogentic microorganisms are generally present, including:<ref name= Tandon> Tandon PN, Ramamurthi R. Textbook of Neurosurgery, Third Edition, Three Volume Set. JP Medical Ltd; 2012.</ref><ref name="pmid1968310">{{cite journal| author=Pathak A, Sharma BS, Mathuriya SN, Khosla VK, Khandelwal N, Kak VK| title=Controversies in the management of subdural empyema. A study of 41 cases with review of literature. | journal=Acta Neurochir (Wien) | year= 1990 | volume= 102 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 25-32 | pmid=1968310 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1968310  }} </ref>
 
*[[Aerobic]] [[Streptococci]]
*elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]]
*''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''
 
*''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''
*elevated [[C-reactive protein]]
*''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''
 
*[[Salmonella]]
Children presenting with [[hyperglycemia]] or [[diabetes]] may have an increased risk of sinogenic intracranial [[empyema]].
*''[[Escherichia coli]]''


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
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[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
{{WH}}
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Latest revision as of 00:20, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]; Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]

Overview

Laboratory findings associated with subdural empyema are generally unspecific.

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings associated with subdural empyema are generally unspecific. Often, elevated inflammatory markers are present, including:[1][2]

Additionally, pathogentic microorganisms are generally present, including:[3][4]

References

  1. Agrawal, Amit; Timothy, Jake; Pandit, Lekha; Shetty, Lathika; Shetty, J.P. (2007). "A Review of Subdural Empyema and Its Management". Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice. 15 (3): 149–153. doi:10.1097/01.idc.0000269905.67284.c7. ISSN 1056-9103.
  2. Hendaus, Mohammed A. (2013). "Subdural Empyema in Children". Global Journal of Health Science. 5 (6). doi:10.5539/gjhs.v5n6p54. ISSN 1916-9744.
  3. Tandon PN, Ramamurthi R. Textbook of Neurosurgery, Third Edition, Three Volume Set. JP Medical Ltd; 2012.
  4. Pathak A, Sharma BS, Mathuriya SN, Khosla VK, Khandelwal N, Kak VK (1990). "Controversies in the management of subdural empyema. A study of 41 cases with review of literature". Acta Neurochir (Wien). 102 (1–2): 25–32. PMID 1968310.

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