Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy: Difference between revisions

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'''Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy''' ('''SMON''') is a [[Nervous system|nervous]] [[disease]] (''[[neuropathy]]'') that affects [[peripheral nerve]]s and the [[spinal cord]] (''myelo-'') as well as the [[eye]]s (''-optic''), leading to a [[disability|disabling]] [[paralysis]], [[blindness]] and even death. An epidemic of SMON, blamed on the [[neurotoxic]] effect of large doses of [[clioquinol]], occurred in [[Japan]] during the [[1960s]], affecting over 10,000 people.
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==Overview==
'''Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy''' ('''SMON''') is an [[iatrogenic]] disease of the [[nervous system]]<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=15152488 | volume=43 | issue=11 | title=[SMON--a model of the iatrogenic disease] |date=November 2003 | author=Takasu T | journal=Rinsho Shinkeigaku | pages=866–9}}</ref> leading to a [[disability|disabling]] [[paralysis]], [[blindness]] and even death.
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
Its defining manifestation was as an epidemic in [[Japan]] during the 1960s, affecting an estimated 30,000 people.<ref name="newint.org">http://www.newint.org/issue095/devils.htm</ref> On August 3, 1978, the [[Tokyo District Court]] ruled that the cause of SMON is [[Clioquinol]]. Its manufacturer, [[Novartis#Ciba-Geigy|Ciba-Geigy]], has publicly stated that "Medical products manufactured and sold by us have been responsible for the occurrence of [SMON] in Japan, we extend our apologies."<ref name="newint.org"/>. SMON was first observed and diagnosed in Sweden 1966, by the pediatrician and neurologist Olle Hansson.<ref name="Inside Ciba-Geigy">Hansson, Olle: Inside Ciba-Geigy, 1989</ref> Clioquinol was marketed as a prophylaxis to tourist diarrhoea. Dr. Olle Hansson was in the front line, fighting for a ban of clioquinol. Doctors in many countries boycotted Ciba-Geigy for many years. Not until 1985 was the pharmaceutical withdrawn. Dr Hansson died a few months later. The day of his death, May 23, is observed as the Anti-Hazardous Drug Day in several parts of the world.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
*Reisaku Kono, "Relation between Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy (S.M.O.N.) and Clioquinol: Nationwide Survey", ''[[The Lancet]]'', V301, I7796, January 27, 1973, pp.&nbsp;171–173
*Reisaku Kono, "The S.M.O.N. Virus Theory", ''[[The Lancet]]'', V306, I7930, August 23, 1975, pp.&nbsp;370–371
*Reisaku Kono, Yoshigoro Kuroiwa, "Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy is not a special form of multiple sclerosis", ''[[The Lancet]]'', V320, I8292, July 31, 1982, p.&nbsp;267
*Hansson, Olle: "Inside Ciba-Geigy". IOCU 1989. ISBN 967-9973-26-3.
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[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
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*[http://www.newint.org/issue095/devils.htm Article about SMON published in the New Internationalist]
*[http://www.newint.org/issue095/devils.htm Article about SMON published in the New Internationalist]



Latest revision as of 15:51, 4 January 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jyostna Chouturi, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) is an iatrogenic disease of the nervous system[1] leading to a disabling paralysis, blindness and even death.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Its defining manifestation was as an epidemic in Japan during the 1960s, affecting an estimated 30,000 people.[2] On August 3, 1978, the Tokyo District Court ruled that the cause of SMON is Clioquinol. Its manufacturer, Ciba-Geigy, has publicly stated that "Medical products manufactured and sold by us have been responsible for the occurrence of [SMON] in Japan, we extend our apologies."[2]. SMON was first observed and diagnosed in Sweden 1966, by the pediatrician and neurologist Olle Hansson.[3] Clioquinol was marketed as a prophylaxis to tourist diarrhoea. Dr. Olle Hansson was in the front line, fighting for a ban of clioquinol. Doctors in many countries boycotted Ciba-Geigy for many years. Not until 1985 was the pharmaceutical withdrawn. Dr Hansson died a few months later. The day of his death, May 23, is observed as the Anti-Hazardous Drug Day in several parts of the world.

References

  1. Takasu T (November 2003). "[SMON--a model of the iatrogenic disease]". Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 43 (11): 866–9. PMID 15152488.
  2. 2.0 2.1 http://www.newint.org/issue095/devils.htm
  3. Hansson, Olle: Inside Ciba-Geigy, 1989

Further reading

  • Reisaku Kono, "Relation between Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy (S.M.O.N.) and Clioquinol: Nationwide Survey", The Lancet, V301, I7796, January 27, 1973, pp. 171–173
  • Reisaku Kono, "The S.M.O.N. Virus Theory", The Lancet, V306, I7930, August 23, 1975, pp. 370–371
  • Reisaku Kono, Yoshigoro Kuroiwa, "Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy is not a special form of multiple sclerosis", The Lancet, V320, I8292, July 31, 1982, p. 267
  • Hansson, Olle: "Inside Ciba-Geigy". IOCU 1989. ISBN 967-9973-26-3.

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