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===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===


=== [[Common cause 1|Bacteria]]<ref name="pmid24589314">{{cite journal| author=Kenealy T| title=Sore throat. | journal=BMJ Clin Evid | year= 2014 | volume= 2014 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=24589314 | doi= | pmc=3948435 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24589314  }}</ref>===
=== [[Common cause 1|Bacteria]]===


* ''Streptococcus( group A beta-haemolytic )''
* ''Streptococcus( group A beta-haemolytic )''
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==FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation==
==FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation==
<br />
=== Table 1 ===
Clinical signs and symptoms of GABSH pharingitis , their sensitivity and specificity [5]
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Symptoms and Clinical Findings
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Sensitivity (%)
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Specificity (%)
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Absence of cough'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |51-79
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |36-68
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Anterior cervical nodes swollen or enlarged'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |55-82
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |34-73
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Headache'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |48
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |50-80
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Myalgia'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |49
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |60
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Palatine petechiae'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |7
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |95
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Pharyngeal exudates'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |26
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |88
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Fever >38°C'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |22-58
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |52-92
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |'''Tonsillar exudate'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |36
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |85
|}
=== Table 2 ===
Clinical Score for GABSH pharyngitis.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Reference
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Clinical signs and symptoms
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Sensibility (%)
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Specificity (%)
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[37]
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Recent exposure to GABHS, pharyngeal exudate, enlarged or tender cervical nodes, fever
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |55
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |74
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[38]
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Season, age, white cells count, fever, absence of cough, enlarged cervical nodes, tonsillar exudate or swelling
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |68
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |85
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[39]
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Swollen and tender anterior cervical nodes, tonsillar exudate
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |84
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |40
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[40]
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Fever, cervical nodes enlargement, tonsillar exudate or swelling or hypertrophy, Absence of cough
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |63
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |67
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[41]
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Season, age, fever, enlarged cervical nodes, tonsillar exudate or swelling or hypertrophy, absence of cough or rhinitis or conjunctivitis
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |22
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |93
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="1" |
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[42]
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Tonsillar hypertrophy, enlarged cervical nodes, absence of rhinitis, scarlet fever rash
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |18
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |97
|}


==Complete Diagnostic Approach==
==Complete Diagnostic Approach==
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of <nowiki>[[disease name]]</nowiki> according the the [...] guidelines.
{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
{{familytree | | | | A01 | | | A01= }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | B01 | | | B01= }}
{{familytree | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | C01 | | C02 | C01= | C02= }}


{{familytree/end}}
 
 
Diagnostic Tests
 
• Rapid strep test (if available) • Throat swab for culture and sensitivity • If the child is greater than 2 years old, culture the throat before treatment or do rapid Strep antigen test (if available); if negative, do throat culture. • Monospot if suspect vira


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
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Revision as of 04:57, 17 August 2020


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Sore throat resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters
Overview
Causes
FIRE
Diagnosis
Treatment
Do's
Don'ts

Overview

This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Bacteria

  • Streptococcus( group A beta-haemolytic )
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis

viruses[1]

  • Rhinovirus.
  • coronavirus.
  • respiratory syncytial virus.
  • metapneumovirus.
  • Epstein–Barr virus.

chemical irritation[1]

  • nasogastric tubes.
  • smoke.

FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation


Table 1

Clinical signs and symptoms of GABSH pharingitis , their sensitivity and specificity [5]

Symptoms and Clinical Findings Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%)
Absence of cough 51-79 36-68
Anterior cervical nodes swollen or enlarged 55-82 34-73
Headache 48 50-80
Myalgia 49 60
Palatine petechiae 7 95
Pharyngeal exudates 26 88
Fever >38°C 22-58 52-92
Tonsillar exudate 36 85


Table 2

Clinical Score for GABSH pharyngitis.

Reference Clinical signs and symptoms Sensibility (%) Specificity (%)
[37] Recent exposure to GABHS, pharyngeal exudate, enlarged or tender cervical nodes, fever 55 74
[38] Season, age, white cells count, fever, absence of cough, enlarged cervical nodes, tonsillar exudate or swelling 68 85
[39] Swollen and tender anterior cervical nodes, tonsillar exudate 84 40
[40] Fever, cervical nodes enlargement, tonsillar exudate or swelling or hypertrophy, Absence of cough 63 67
[41] Season, age, fever, enlarged cervical nodes, tonsillar exudate or swelling or hypertrophy, absence of cough or rhinitis or conjunctivitis 22 93
[42] Tonsillar hypertrophy, enlarged cervical nodes, absence of rhinitis, scarlet fever rash 18 97

Complete Diagnostic Approach

Diagnostic Tests

• Rapid strep test (if available) • Throat swab for culture and sensitivity • If the child is greater than 2 years old, culture the throat before treatment or do rapid Strep antigen test (if available); if negative, do throat culture. • Monospot if suspect vira

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Do's

  • The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

  • The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1


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