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| == Patient information== | | ==Physical examination== |
| '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Diarrhea|here]]'''
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| {{Diarrhea (patient information)}}
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| {{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Meagan E. Doherty
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| ==Overview==
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| Diarrhea is loose, watery stools. A person with diarrhea typically passes stool more than three times a day. People with diarrhea may pass more than a quart of stool a day. Acute diarrhea is a common problem that usually lasts 1 or 2 days and goes away on its own without special treatment. Prolonged diarrhea persisting for more than 2 days may be a sign of a more serious problem and poses the risk of [[dehydration]]. Chronic diarrhea may be a feature of a chronic disease. Diarrhea can cause dehydration, which means the body lacks enough fluid to function properly. Dehydration is particularly dangerous in children and older people, and it must be treated promptly to avoid serious health problems. People of all ages can get diarrhea and the average adult has a bout of acute diarrhea about four times a year. In the United States, each child will have had seven to 15 episodes of diarrhea by age 5.
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| ==What are the symptoms of Diarrhea?==
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| Diarrhea may be accompanied by [[cramping]], [[abdominal pain]], [[bloating]], [[nausea]], or an urgent need to use the bathroom. Depending on the cause, a person may have a [[fever]] or bloody stools.
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| ==What are the causes of Diarrhea?==
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| Acute diarrhea is usually related to a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic diarrhea is usually related to functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease.
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| A few of the more common causes of diarrhea include the following:
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| *'''Bacterial infections'''. Several types of bacteria consumed through contaminated food or water can cause diarrhea. Common culprits include [[Campylobacter]], [[Salmonella]], [[Shigella]], and [[Escherichia coli]] (E. coli).
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| *'''Viral infections'''. Many viruses cause diarrhea, including [[rotavirus]], [[Norwalk virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[herpes simplex virus]], and [[viral hepatitis]].
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| *'''Food intolerances'''. Some people are unable to digest food components such as artificial sweeteners and lactose—the sugar found in milk.
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| *'''Parasites'''. Parasites can enter the body through food or water and settle in the digestive system. Parasites that cause diarrhea include [[Giardia lamblia]], [[Entamoeba histolytica]], and [[Cryptosporidium]].
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| *'''Reaction to medicines'''. [[Antibiotics]], [[blood pressure medications]], [[cancer drugs]], and [[antacids]] containing [[magnesium]] can all cause diarrhea.
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| *'''Intestinal diseases'''. [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[colitis]], [[Crohn’s disease]], and [[celiac disease]] often lead to diarrhea.
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| *'''Functional bowel disorders'''. Diarrhea can be a symptom of [[irritable bowel syndrome]].
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| Some people develop diarrhea after stomach surgery or removal of the [[gallbladder]]. The reason may be a change in how quickly food moves through the [[digestive system]] after stomach surgery or an increase in [[bile]] in the [[colon]] after gallbladder surgery.
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| People who visit foreign countries are at risk for traveler’s diarrhea, which is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Traveler’s diarrhea can be a problem for people visiting developing countries. Visitors to the United States, Canada, most European countries, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand do not face much risk for traveler’s diarrhea.
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| In many cases, the cause of diarrhea cannot be found. As long as diarrhea goes away on its own, an extensive search for the cause is not usually necessary.
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| ==Who is at risk for Diarrhea?==
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| Anyone can get diarrhea. This common problem can last a day or two or for months or years, depending on the cause. Most people get better on their own, but diarrhea can be serious for babies and older people if lost fluids are not replaced. Many people throughout the world die from diarrhea because of the large volume of water lost and the accompanying loss of salts.
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| Diagnostic tests to find the cause of diarrhea may include the following:
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| *'''Medical history and physical examination.''' The doctor will ask you about your eating habits and medication use and will examine you for signs of illness.
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| *'''Stool culture.''' A sample of stool is analyzed in a laboratory to check for [[bacteria]], [[parasites]], or other signs of disease and infection.
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| *'''Blood tests.''' Blood tests can be helpful in ruling out certain diseases.
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| *'''Fasting tests.''' To find out if a food intolerance or allergy is causing the diarrhea, the doctor may ask you to avoid [[lactose]], [[carbohydrates]], wheat, or other foods to see whether the diarrhea responds to a change in diet.
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| *'''Sigmoidoscopy'''. For this test, the doctor uses a special instrument to look at the inside of the [[rectum]] and lower part of the [[colon]].
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| *'''Colonoscopy'''. This test is similar to a [[sigmoidoscopy]], but it allows the doctor to view the entire [[colon]].
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| *'''Imaging tests'''. These tests can rule out structural abnormalities as the cause of diarrhea.
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| ==When to seek urgent medical care==
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| Diarrhea is not usually harmful, but it can become dangerous or signal a more serious problem. You should see the doctor if you experience any of the following:
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| * Diarrhea for more than 3 days
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| * Severe pain in the [[abdomen]] or [[rectum]]
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| * A [[fever]] of 102 degrees or higher
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| * Blood in your stool or black, tarry stools
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| * Signs of [[dehydration]]
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| ==Treatment options==
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| In most cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid to prevent [[dehydration]] is the only treatment necessary. Medicines that stop diarrhea may be helpful, but they are not recommended for people whose diarrhea is caused by a bacterial infection or parasite. If you stop the diarrhea before having purged the bacteria or parasite, you will trap the organism in the intestines and prolong the problem. Rather, doctors usually prescribe [[antibiotics]] as a first-line treatment. [[Viral infections]] are either treated with medication or left to run their course, depending on the severity and type of virus.
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| ===Tips About Food===
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| Until diarrhea subsides, try to avoid caffeine, milk products, and foods that are greasy, high in fiber, or very sweet. These foods tend to aggravate diarrhea.
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| As you improve, you can add soft, bland foods to your diet, including bananas, plain rice, boiled potatoes, toast, crackers, cooked carrots, and baked chicken without the skin or fat. For children, the pediatrician may also recommend a bland diet. Once the diarrhea has stopped, the pediatrician will likely encourage children to return to a normal and healthy diet if it can be tolerated.
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| ===Contraindicated medications===
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| {{MedCondContrPI
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| |MedCond =Diarrhea|Ethacrynic acid}}
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| ==Where to find medical care for Diarrhea==
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| [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|yourdisease}}}}&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=65.008093,112.148438&ie=UTF8&ll=37.0625,-95.677068&spn=91.690419,149.414063&z=2&source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating Diarrhea]
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| ==Prevention of Diarrhea==
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| * Wash your hands often, especially after going to the bathroom and before eating.
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| * Teach children to not put objects in their mouth.
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| * When taking antibiotics, try eating food with Lactobacillus acidophilus, a healthy bacteria. This helps replenish the good bacteria that antibiotics can kill. Yogurt with active or live cultures is a good source of this healthy bacteria.
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| * Use alcohol-based hand gel frequently.
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| Traveler’s diarrhea happens when you consume food or water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. You can take the following precautions to prevent traveler’s diarrhea when you travel outside of the United States:
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| * Do not drink tap water or use it to brush your teeth.
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| * Do not drink unpasteurized milk or dairy products.
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| * Do not use ice made from tap water.
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| * Avoid all raw fruits and vegetables, including lettuce and fruit salads, unless they can be peeled and you peel them yourself.
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| * Do not eat raw or rare meat and fish.
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| * Do not eat meat or shellfish that is not hot when served.
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| * Do not eat food from street vendors.
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| You can safely drink bottled water—if you are the one to break the seal—along with carbonated soft drinks, and hot drinks such as coffee or tea.
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| Depending on where you are going and how long you will stay, your doctor may recommend that you take antibiotics before leaving to protect you from possible infection.
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| ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)==
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| The Prognosis for diarrhea is usually good. Diarrhea is common and usually goes away on its own unless it is an underlying symptom of a chronic disease. It is important to replace lost fluid due to diarrhea because if you become severely dehydrated it can be fatal.
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| ==Sources==
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| http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/diarrhea/
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| [[Category:Patient information]]
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| [[Category:primary care]]
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
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| [[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
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| [[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
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| [[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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| ==Pathophysiology Diarrhea==
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| Normal fluid intake for an adult is about 2 L/d. The average amount of gastrointestinal secretions (composed of salivary glands, gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretions) is 7-8 L/d, depending on the weight and age. The absorptive surface of the small intestine is formed by villis that reabsorb the majority of secreted water and electrolytes. The small intestine absorbs 75% of upper GI tract secretions. The rest of the secretions absorb in the large intestine. Colon absorbs 90% of its exposed volume, means that colon is the most effective absorbing organ in the GI system.<br>
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| Decrease in the small intestine absorption, regardless of causes, may not cause diarrhea unless, there is a dysfunction in colon or the volume of the secretions exceeds the absorptive ability of the colon.
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| ==Causes==
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| ===Life Threatening Causes===
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| Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[Acute appendicitis]]
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| *[[Acute kidney failure]]
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| *[[Acute pancreatitis]]
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| *[[Anaphylaxis]]
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| *[[Angioedema]]
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| *[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
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| *[[Digoxin warnings and precautions|Digoxin toxicity]]
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| *[[Ergotism]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Food poisoning]]
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| *[[Heavy metal poisoning]]
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| *[[Herbal extract|Herbal extract overdose]]
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| *[[Infectious diarrhea]]
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| *[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
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| *[[Insect bites and stings|Insect bite allergy]]
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| *[[Intususception]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Ischemic colitis]]
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| *[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
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| *[[Pesticide poisoning]]
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| *[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
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| *[[Severe combined immunodeficiency]]
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| *[[Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]]
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| *[[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ===Common Causes===
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[ACE inhibitors]]
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| *[[Alcohol intoxication]]
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| *[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
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| *[[Amebiasis]]
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| *[[AIDS medical therapy#Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART)|Anti retroviral agents]]
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| *[[Antifungals]]
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| *[[Bacillary dysentery]]
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| *[[Bacterial toxin]]
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| *[[Bile acid sequestrant]]
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| *[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
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| *[[Cephalosporins]]
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| *[[Chemotherapeutic agents]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
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| *[[Citalopram]]
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| *[[Colitis]]
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| *[[Colorectal polyps]]
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| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
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| *[[Diverticulitis]]
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| *[[Doxycycline]]
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| *[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
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| *[[Escherichia coli]]
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| *[[Food poisoning]]
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| *[[Fosfomycin]]
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| *[[Helminthiasis]]
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| *[[Hepatitis A]]
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| *[[Hepatitis E]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
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| *[[Lactose intolerance]]
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| *[[Macrolides]]
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| *[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
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| *[[Opioid withdrawal]]
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| *[[Proton pump inhibitors]]
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| *[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
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| *[[Radiation sickness]]
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| *[[Salmonellosis]]
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| *[[Statins]]
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| *[[Thiazide diuretics]]
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| *[[Triptans]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ===Causes According to Pathophysiology===
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| ====Osmotic Diarrhea====
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]
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| *[[Alagille syndrome]]
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| *[[Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]]
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| *[[Aminoglycosides]]
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| *[[Ampicillin]]
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| *[[Antacids]]
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| *[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]]
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| *[[Ascariasis]]
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| *[[Auranofin]]
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| *[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]]
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| *[[Bacitracin]]
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| *[[Biguanides]]
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| *[[Stomach cancer surgery|Billroth II procedure]]
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| *[[Blind loop syndrome]]
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| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
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| *[[Celiac disease]]
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| *[[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]]
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| *[[Cholestyramine]]
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| *[[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
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| *[[Chylomicron retention disease]]
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| *[[Colchicine]]
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| *[[Colestyramine]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Common variable immunodeficiency]]
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| *[[Cronkhite-Canada disease]]
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| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
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| *[[systemic sclerosis|Diffuse systemic sclerosis]]
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| *[[Dumping syndrome]]
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| *[[Eflornithine]]
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| *[[Fasciolopsiasis]]
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| *[[Fructose malabsorption]]
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| *[[amyloidosis|Gastrointestinal amyloidosis]]
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| *[[lymphomas|Gastrointestinal lymphomas]]
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| *[[Giardiasis]]
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| *[[Glucose-galactose malabsorption]]
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| *[[HIV]]
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| *[[Kanamycin]]
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| *[[Kwashiorkor]]
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| *[[Lactose intolerance]]
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| *[[Magnesium|Magnesium salts]]
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| *[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
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| *[[Malassimilation]]
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| *[[Mannitol]]
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| *[[Mastocytosis]]
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| *[[Ménétrier's disease]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Methyldopa]]
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| *[[Microsporidiosis]]
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| *[[Milk allergy]]
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| *[[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
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| *[[Neomycin]]
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| *[[Octreotide]]
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| *[[Orlistat]]
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| *[[laxative|Osmotic laxative]]
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| *[[Pearson syndrome]]
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| *[[Protein losing enteropathy]]
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| *[[Short bowel syndrome]]
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| *[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
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| *[[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]]
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| *[[Somatostatinoma]]
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| *[[Sorbitol]]
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| *[[Strongyloidiasis]]
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| *[[Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency]]
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| *[[Sucrose intolerance]]
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| *[[Tetracyclines]]
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| *[[Tropical sprue]]
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| *[[Whipple disease]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ====Secretory Diarrhea====
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[Addison's disease]]
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| *[[Anaphylaxis]]
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| *[[Angioedema]]
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| *[[Anthraquinone]]
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| *[[Antidepressants]]
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| *[[Antineoplastic agents]]
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| *[[Auranofin]]
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| *[[Bacterial toxin]]
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| *[[Biguanides]]
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| *[[Bisacodyl]]
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| *[[Brainerd diarrhea]]
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| *[[Calcitonin]]
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| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
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| *[[Cardiac glycosides]]
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| *[[Cephalosporins]]
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| *[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]
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| *[[Cholera]]
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| *[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
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| *[[Colchicine]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Collagenous colitis]]
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| *[[Colorectal cancer]]
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| *[[Congenital chloride diarrhea]]
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| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
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| *[[Diacerein]]
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| *[[Diverticulitis]]
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| *[[Gastrinoma]]
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| *[[Graves disease]]
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| *[[Heavy metal poisoning]]
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| *[[Herbal extract|Herbal extract poisoning]]
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| *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
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| *[[Hypoaldosteronism]]
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| *[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
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| *[[lymphoma|Intestinal lymphoma]]
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| *[[IPEX (syndrome)]]
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| *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
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| *[[Lymphocytic colitis]]
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| *[[Macrolides]]
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| *[[Mastocytosis]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Medullary carcinoma of thyroid]]
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| *[[Microvillous inclusion disease]]
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| *[[Mushroom poisoning]]
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| *[[NSAIDS]]
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| *[[Olsalazine]]
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| *[[Oxyphenisatin]]
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| *[[Penicillins]]
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| *[[Pesticide poisoning]]
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| *[[Phenolphthalein]]
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| *[[sympathectomy|Postsympathectomy]]
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| *[[vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
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| *[[Prostaglandins]]
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| *[[Ricinoleic acid]]
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| *[[Somatostatinoma]]
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| *[[Ticlopidine]]
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| *[[Vasculitis]]
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| *[[Villous adenoma]]
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| *[[VIPoma]]
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| *[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ====Motility Related Diarrhea====
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[Cephalosporins]]
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| *[[Cisapride]]
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| *[[Colchicine]]
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| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
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| *[[Erythromycin]]
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| *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Levothyroxine]]
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| *[[Macrolides]]
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| *[[Penicillins]]
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| *[[Abdominal surgery|Postileal resection]]
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| *[[vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Quinolones]]
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| *[[Short bowel syndrome]]
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| *[[Sulphonamides]]
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| *[[Tetracyclines]]
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| *[[Ticlopidine]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ===Causes According to Duration===
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| ====Acute Diarrhea====
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| * [[Addison's disease]]
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| * [[Appendicitis]]
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| * Bacterial:
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| ** [[Aeromonas]]
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| ** [[Campylobacter jejuni]]
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| ** [[Chlamydia]]
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| ** [[Clostridium difficile]]
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| ** [[Escherichia coli|E.coli]]
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| ** [[Enterobacter]]
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| ** [[Klebsiella]]
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| ** [[Neisseria gonorrhea]]
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| ** [[Plesiomonas]]
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| ** [[Salmonella]]
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| ** [[Shigella]]
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| ** [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
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| ** [[Vibrio cholerae]]
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| ** [[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
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| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
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| * [[Parafollicular cell|C-cell carcinoma]]
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| * [[inflammatory bowel disease|Chronic inflammatory bowel disease]]
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| * [[Colitis]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| * Drugs:
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| ** [[Laxative#Laxative Abuse|Abuse of laxatives]]
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| ** [[Alcohol]]
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| ** [[Antibiotics]]
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| ** [[Biguanides]]
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| ** [[Cefpodoxime]]
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| ** [[Chemotherapeutics]]
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| ** [[Chemotherapy]]
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| ** [[Cholestyramine|Cholestyramin]]
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| ** [[Digitalis]]
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| ** [[Diuretics]]
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| ** [[Ergotamine]]
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| ** [[Hydralazine]]
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| ** [[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
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| ** [[Mercaptopurine]]
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| ** [[Opiate withdrawal]]
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| ** [[Parasympathomimetics]]
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| **[[Physostigmine]]
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| ** [[Quinidine]]
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| ** [[Rabeprazole]]
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| ** [[Reserpine]]
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| ** [[Warfarin]]
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| * Food:
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| ** [[Bacillus cereus]]
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| ** [[Clostridium perfringens]]
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| ** [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| * [[Allergy|Food allergy]]
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| * [[Graft versus host reaction]]
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| * [[Heavy metal intoxication]]
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| * [[HIV]]
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| * [[Hyperthyroidism]]
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| * [[Irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS)
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| * [[Lactose intolerance]]
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| * [[Neuroendocrine tumors]]
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| * Parasites:
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| ** [[Cryptosporidium]]
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| ** [[Entamoeba histolytica]]
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| ** [[Giardia intestinalis]]
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| * Viral:
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| ** [[Adenovirus]]
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| ** [[Coxsackie virus]]
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| ** [[Cytomegalovirus]] ([[CMV]])
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| ** [[Echovirus]]
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| ** [[Influenza virus]]
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| ** [[Norwalk virus]]
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| ** [[Poliovirus]]
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| ** [[Rotavirus]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ====Chronic Diarrhea====
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| * [[Achylia]]
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| * [[Addison's Disease]]
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| * [[Amebiasis]]
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| * [[Amyloidosis]]
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| * [[Anxiety]]
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| * [[Neuropathy|Autonomous neuropathy]]
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| * [[Bacterial gastroenteritis]]
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| * [[Bacterial toxin]]
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| * [[Behcet syndrome]]
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| * [[Malabsorption|Bile acid malabsorption]]
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| * [[Biliary fistula]]
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| * [[Carcinoid syndrome]]
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| * [[Pancreatic cancer|Carcinoma of the pancreas]]
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| * [[Celiac Sprue]]
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| * [[Chronic inflammatory bowel disease]]
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| * [[Collagenous colitis]]
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| * [[Colon cancer]]
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| * [[Colorectal polyps]]
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| * [[Cryptosporidiosis]]
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| * [[Enteropathy|Diabetic enteropathy]]
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| * [[Diverticular disease]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| * Drugs:
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| ** [[Antacids]]
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| ** [[Anthraquinone]]
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| ** [[Castor oil]]
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| **[[Elvitegravir]]
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| ** [[Lactulose]]
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| ** [[Levofloxacin]]
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| ** [[Mannitol]]
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| ** [[Sorbitol]]
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| * [[Dumping syndrome]]
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| * Excess [[coffee]], [[tea]]
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| * [[Fecal impaction]]
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| * [[fistula|Gastrocolic fistula]]
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| * [[Giardia]]
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| * [[Hyperthyroidism]]
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| * [[HIV]]
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| * [[primary lymphedema|Idiopathic lymphangiectasis]]
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| * [[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
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| * [[Lymphocytic colitis]]
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| * [[Lymphomas]]
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| * [[Malabsorption]]
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| * [[Maldigestion]]
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| * [[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| * [[Neuroendocrine tumors]]
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| * [[Nontropical sprue]]
| |
| * [[Obstructive jaundice]]
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| * Parasites:
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| ** [[Ascariasis]]
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| ** [[Hookworm]]
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| ** [[Whipworm]]
| |
| * [[Pellagra]]
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| * [[Polyarteritis]]
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| * [[Abdominal surgery|Postileal resection]]
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| * [[vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
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| * [[Prostaglandins]]
| |
| * [[Proctitis|Radiation proctitis]]
| |
| * [[Rectal prolapse surgery|Rectal surgery]]
| |
| * [[Scleroderma]]
| |
| * [[Short bowel syndrome]]
| |
| * [[Tuberculosis]]
| |
| * [[Verner-Morrison syndrome]]
| |
| * [[Villous adenoma]]
| |
| * [[Villous carcinoma]]
| |
| * [[Whipple's disease]]
| |
| {{EndMultiCol}}
| |
| | |
| ===Causes by Organ System===
| |
| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Portal vein thrombosis]], [[superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Acrodynia]],
| |
| [[Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate]],
| |
| [[zinc|acute zinc toxicity]],
| |
| [[arsenic poisoning]], [[Azacitidine]] , [[Cabozantinib]]
| |
| [[carbamate insecticide poisoning]],
| |
| [[carbon monoxide poisoning]],
| |
| [[chlordane|chlordane toxicity]],
| |
| [[chloroform|chloroform toxicity]],
| |
| [[Copper|copper toxicity]],
| |
| [[diazinon|diazinon poisoning]],
| |
| [[Glutaraldehyde|glutaraldehyde toxicity]],
| |
| [[heavy metal poisoning]],
| |
| [[lead poisoning]],
| |
| [[mercury poisoning]],
| |
| [[metal fume fever]],
| |
| [[Naphthalene|naphthalene poisoning]],
| |
| [[organophosphate poisoning]],
| |
| [[Paraquat|paraquat toxicity]],
| |
| [[Selenium|selenium toxicity]],
| |
| [[thallium|thallium toxicity]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Dermatologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]], [[necrotizing fasciitis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Ambenonium]],
| |
| [[2C-B]],
| |
| [[5-HT3 antagonist]],
| |
| [[tryptamine|5-methoxy-diisopropyl tryptamine]],
| |
| [[abacavir]],
| |
| [[Acamprosate calcium]],
| |
| [[acarbose]],
| |
| [[acebutolol]],
| |
| [[Acetylcysteine]],
| |
| [[acyclovir]],
| |
| [[acitretin]],
| |
| [[aconitine]],
| |
| [[adefovir]],
| |
| [[afatinib]],
| |
| [[alatrofloxacin]],
| |
| [[albendazole]],
| |
| [[aldesleukin]],
| |
| [[Alemtuzumab]],
| |
| [[alendronate]],
| |
| [[aliskiren]],
| |
| [[allopurinol]],
| |
| [[alosetron]],
| |
| [[alpha-amanitin]],
| |
| [[alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]],
| |
| [[alprazolam]],
| |
| [[altretamine]],
| |
| [[ambenonium chloride]],
| |
| [[amifostine]],
| |
| [[amiloride]],
| |
| [[aminocaproic acid]],
| |
| [[aminophylline]],
| |
| [[amlexanox]],
| |
| [[amlodipine]],
| |
| [[Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate]],
| |
| [[ammonium lauryl sulfate]],
| |
| [[amoxicillin]],
| |
| [[amphetamine]],
| |
| [[amphotericin B]],
| |
| [[amprenavir]],
| |
| [[amitriptyline]],
| |
| [[anadenanthera peregrina]],
| |
| [[anagrelide]],
| |
| [[anakinra]],
| |
| [[anastrozole]],
| |
| [[Anidulafungin]],
| |
| [[anisindione]],
| |
| [[Apremilast]],
| |
| [[aprepitant]],
| |
| [[atazanavir]],
| |
| [[atenolol]],
| |
| [[atorvastatin]],
| |
| [[atovaquone]],
| |
| [[Atropine]],
| |
| [[auranofin]],
| |
| [[azithromycin]],
| |
| [[aztreonam]],
| |
| [[bacitracin]],
| |
| [[baclofen]],
| |
| [[barium nitrate]],
| |
| [[barium sulfate]],
| |
| [[Basiliximab]],
| |
| [[Benzphetamine]],
| |
| [[benazepril]],
| |
| [[bentiromide]],
| |
| [[bepridil]],
| |
| [[betaxolol]],
| |
| [[Bethanechol chloride]],
| |
| [[bevacizumab]],
| |
| [[bezafibrate]],
| |
| [[bicalutamide]],
| |
| [[biguanide]],
| |
| [[bisacodyl]],
| |
| [[bisoprolol]],
| |
| [[bortezomib]],
| |
| [[Bosutinib]],
| |
| [[bromocriptine]],
| |
| [[brompheniramine]],
| |
| [[bumetanide]],
| |
| [[buspirone]],
| |
| [[busulfan]],
| |
| [[candesartan]],
| |
| [[capecitabine]],
| |
| [[carbamazepine]],
| |
| [[carbidopa]],
| |
| [[carboplatin]],
| |
| [[carvedilol]],
| |
| [[cefaclor]],
| |
| [[cefadroxil]],
| |
| [[cefamandole nafate]],
| |
| [[cefazolin]],
| |
| [[cefazolin]],
| |
| [[cefdinir]],
| |
| [[Cefditoren]],
| |
| [[cefepime]],
| |
| [[Cefixime]],
| |
| [[cefoperazone]],
| |
| [[cefotaxime]],
| |
| [[cefotetan disodium]],
| |
| [[cefoxitin]],
| |
| [[cefpodoxime]],
| |
| [[Cefprozil]],
| |
| [[Ceftaroline fosamil]],
| |
| [[ceftazidime]],
| |
| [[Ceftibuten]],
| |
| [[ceftizoxime]],
| |
| [[ceftriaxone]],
| |
| [[cefuroxime]],
| |
| [[cephalexin]],
| |
| [[cephradine]],
| |
| [[Ceritinib]],
| |
| [[cerivastatin]],
| |
| [[cetuximab]],
| |
| [[cevimeline]],
| |
| [[Chenodiol]],
| |
| [[chloral hydrate]],
| |
| [[chlorambucil]],
| |
| [[chlordiazepoxide]],
| |
| [[chlorodyne]],
| |
| [[chlorothiazide]],
| |
| [[chlorpheniramine]],
| |
| [[Chlorpropamide]],
| |
| [[chlorthalidone]],
| |
| [[cholestyramine]],
| |
| [[ciclosporin]],
| |
| [[cidofovir]],
| |
| [[cilostazol]],,
| |
| [[cinacalcet]],
| |
| [[cisapride]],
| |
| [[citalopram]],
| |
| [[cladribine]],
| |
| [[clamoxyquine]],
| |
| [[clarithromycin]],
| |
| [[clavulanic acid]],
| |
| [[clindamycin]],
| |
| [[clofarabine]],
| |
| [[clofibrate]],
| |
| [[clomipramine]],
| |
| [[clonazepam]],
| |
| [[clopidogrel]],
| |
| [[clorazepate]],
| |
| [[Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene]],
| |
| [[colchicine]],
| |
| [[colistimethate]],
| |
| [[conjugated estrogens]],
| |
| [[Crizotinib]],
| |
| [[cyclophosphamide]],
| |
| [[cyproheptadine]],
| |
| [[cytarabine]],
| |
| [[dactinomycin]],
| |
| [[dalfopristin]],
| |
| [[dantrolene]],
| |
| [[daptomycin]],
| |
| [[darbepoetin alfa]],
| |
| [[darifenacin]],
| |
| [[darunavir]],
| |
| [[dasatinib]],
| |
| [[daunorubicin]],
| |
| [[deferasirox]],
| |
| [[delavirdine]],
| |
| [[demeclocycline]],
| |
| [[Denileukin diftitox]]
| |
| [[deracoxib]],
| |
| [[desoxyn]],
| |
| [[Dexchlorpheniramine]],
| |
| [[dextroamphetamine]],
| |
| [[dextromethorphan]],
| |
| [[diacerein]],
| |
| [[diazepam]],
| |
| [[diclofenac]],
| |
| [[dicloxacillin]],
| |
| [[didanosine]],
| |
| [[diflunisal]],
| |
| [[digitoxin]],
| |
| [[digoxin]],
| |
| [[diltiazem]],
| |
| [[dipyridamole]],
| |
| [[dirithromycin]],
| |
| [[disopyramide]],
| |
| [[docetaxel]],
| |
| [[dofetilide]],
| |
| [[dolasetron]],
| |
| [[donepezil]],
| |
| [[doripenem]],
| |
| [[doxorubicin]],
| |
| [[doxycycline]],
| |
| [[DTPA]],
| |
| [[duloxetine]],
| |
| [[Ecallantide]],
| |
| [[eculizumab]],
| |
| [[efavirenz]],
| |
| [[Elvitegravir]],
| |
| [[emtricitabine]],
| |
| [[Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate]]
| |
| [[enalapril]],
| |
| [[endosulfan]],
| |
| [[enoxacin]],
| |
| [[entacapone]],
| |
| [[Epirubicin hydrochloride]],
| |
| [[eplerenone]],
| |
| [[epoetin alfa]],
| |
| [[ergotamine]],
| |
| [[erlotinib]],
| |
| [[Eliglustat]],
| |
| [[erythromycin]],
| |
| [[esomeprazole]],
| |
| [[estazolam]],
| |
| [[estradiol]],
| |
| [[ethacrynic acid]],
| |
| [[ethosuximide]],
| |
| [[etidronate]],
| |
| [[etodolac]],
| |
| [[etoposide]],
| |
| [[exemestane]],
| |
| [[exenatide]],
| |
| [[ezetimibe]],
| |
| [[famciclovir]],
| |
| [[famotidine]],
| |
| [[felbamate]],
| |
| [[Ferric oxyhydroxide]],
| |
| [[fexofenadine]],
| |
| [[floxuridine]],
| |
| [[foscarnet sodium]],
| |
| [[fluconazole]],
| |
| [[flucytosine]],
| |
| [[fludarabine]],
| |
| [[fluoride]],
| |
| [[fluorouracil]],
| |
| [[fluoxetine]],
| |
| [[flurazepam]],
| |
| [[Flurbiprofen]],
| |
| [[flutamide]],
| |
| [[fluticasone]],
| |
| [[fluvastatin]],
| |
| [[fluvoxamine]],
| |
| [[fosamprenavir]],
| |
| [[foscarnet]],
| |
| [[fosinopril]],
| |
| [[frovatriptan]],
| |
| [[fulvestrant]],
| |
| [[gabapentin]],
| |
| [[galantamine]],
| |
| [[ganciclovir]],
| |
| [[gatifloxacin]],
| |
| [[gefitinib]],
| |
| [[gemcitabine]],
| |
| [[gemeprost]],
| |
| [[gemfibrozil]],
| |
| [[glatiramer]],
| |
| [[Glipizide]],
| |
| [[Glyburide and Metformin]],
| |
| [[glycopyrrolate]],
| |
| [[granisetron]],
| |
| [[griseofulvin]],
| |
| [[guanethidine]],
| |
| [[guanfacine]],
| |
| [[hydralazine]],
| |
| [[hydrochlorothiazide]],
| |
| [[hydroxychloroquine]],
| |
| [[Hydroxyprogesterone caproate]]
| |
| [[hydroxyurea]],
| |
| [[hyoscyamine]],
| |
| [[ibandronate]],
| |
| [[Ibritumomab Tiuxetan]]
| |
| [[ibuprofen]],
| |
| [[idarubicin]],
| |
| [[Idelalisib]],
| |
| [[Idursulfase]],
| |
| [[imatinib]],
| |
| [[Imiglucerase]]
| |
| [[infliximab]],
| |
| [[interferon alfacon-1 ]],
| |
| [[Interferon alfa-2b ]] ,
| |
| [[interferon beta-1b]],
| |
| [[irinotecan hydrochloride]],
| |
| [[iron supplements]],
| |
| [[isocarboxazid]],
| |
| [[isradipine]],
| |
| [[itraconazole]],
| |
| [[Ivacaftor]],
| |
| [[Ivermectin]],
| |
| [[Ixabepilone]],
| |
| [[ketoconazole]],
| |
| [[Ketorolac tromethamine]],
| |
| [[Lactulose]],
| |
| [[lamivudine]],
| |
| [[lamotrigine]],
| |
| [[lanreotide]],
| |
| [[lansoprazole]],
| |
| [[lanthanum]],[[Lapatinib]],
| |
| [[leflunomide]],
| |
| [[lenalidomide]],
| |
| [[letrozole]],
| |
| [[leuprolide]],
| |
| [[levalbuterol]],
| |
| [[levetiracetam]],
| |
| [[Lenvatinib]],
| |
| [[levocarnitine]],
| |
| [[levodopa]],
| |
| [[levofloxacin]],
| |
| [[Linaclotide]],
| |
| [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]],
| |
| [[linezolid]],
| |
| [[liothyronine sodium]],
| |
| [[lisinopril]],
| |
| [[lithium]],
| |
| [[lomefloxacin]],
| |
| [[lopinavir]],
| |
| [[loracarbef]],
| |
| [[loratadine]],
| |
| [[lorazepam]],
| |
| [[loxapine]],
| |
| [[magnesium hydroxide]],
| |
| [[mebendazole]],
| |
| [[mechlorethamine]],
| |
| [[meclofenamate]],
| |
| [[Mercaptopurine]],
| |
| [[mefenamic acid]],
| |
| [[mefloquine]],
| |
| [[megestrol]],
| |
| [[Meloxicam]],
| |
| [[meprobamate]],
| |
| [[mercaptopurine]],
| |
| [[meropenem]],
| |
| [[mesalazine]],
| |
| [[mesna]],
| |
| [[mesoridazine]],
| |
| [[Metirosine]],
| |
| [[metformin]],
| |
| [[methamphetamine]],
| |
| [[methenamine]],
| |
| [[methotrexate]],
| |
| [[methoxychlor]],
| |
| [[methsuximide]],
| |
| [[methyclothiazide]],
| |
| [[methylergonovine]],
| |
| [[methyprylon]],
| |
| [[metoclopramide]],
| |
| [[metolachlor]],
| |
| [[metolazone]],
| |
| [[metoprolol]],
| |
| [[metronidazole]],
| |
| [[Micafungin sodium]],
| |
| [[miconazole]],
| |
| [[mifepristone]],
| |
| [[miglitol]],
| |
| [[Miglustat]],
| |
| [[miltefosine]]
| |
| [[minocycline]],
| |
| [[misoprostol]],
| |
| [[mitotane]],
| |
| [[mitoxantrone]],
| |
| [[moclobemide]],
| |
| [[modafinil]],
| |
| [[moexipril]],
| |
| [[moricizine]],
| |
| [[moxifloxacin]],
| |
| [[mycophenolate]],
| |
| [[nabumetone]],
| |
| [[nafcillin]],
| |
| [[naltrexone]],
| |
| [[naphthalene]],
| |
| [[naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium]],
| |
| [[natalizumab]],
| |
| [[natamycin]],
| |
| [[nateglinide]],
| |
| [[nelfinavir]],
| |
| [[nevirapine]],
| |
| [[Niacin/simvastatin]],
| |
| [[niclosamide]],
| |
| [[Nilotinib]],
| |
| [[Nintedanib]],
| |
| [[nizatidine]],
| |
| [[norfloxacin]],
| |
| [[nystatin]],
| |
| [[ofloxacin]],
| |
| [[Olsalazine]],
| |
| [[omalizumab]],
| |
| [[omeprazole]],
| |
| [[ondansetron]],
| |
| [[oseltamivir]],
| |
| [[oxaliplatin]],
| |
| [[oxazepam]],
| |
| [[oxcarbazepine]],
| |
| [[oxtriphylline]],
| |
| [[oxybutynin]],
| |
| [[Palbociclib]],
| |
| [[palivizumab]],
| |
| [[pancrelipase]],
| |
| [[Panitumumab]],
| |
| [[pantoprazole]],
| |
| [[Paromomycin sulfate]],
| |
| [[Paroxetine]],
| |
| [[Pasireotide]],
| |
| [[pegaspargase]],
| |
| [[peginterferon alfa-2a]],
| |
| [[peginterferon alfa-2b]],
| |
| [[pemetrexed]],
| |
| [[pemoline]],
| |
| [[penbutolol]],
| |
| [[penicillin]],
| |
| [[pentamidine]],
| |
| [[pentostatin]],
| |
| [[pergolide]],
| |
| [[perindopril]],
| |
| [[perphenazine]],
| |
| [[Pertuzumab]],
| |
| [[phenazopyridine]],
| |
| [[Phenoxymethylpenicillin]],
| |
| [[phentermine]],
| |
| [[pilocarpine]],
| |
| [[pimecrolimus]],
| |
| [[pimozide]],
| |
| [[Pirfenidone]],
| |
| [[piroxicam]],
| |
| [[Plerixafor]],
| |
| [[Potassium iodide]],
| |
| [[plicamycin]],
| |
| [[polythiazide]],
| |
| [[posaconazole]],
| |
| [[Potassium chloride]],
| |
| [[Potassium citrate]],
| |
| [[pramipexole]],
| |
| [[pramlintide]],
| |
| [[prazepam]],
| |
| [[praziquantel]],
| |
| [[prazosin]],
| |
| [[procainamide]],
| |
| [[procarbazine]],
| |
| [[promethazine]],
| |
| [[propafenone]],
| |
| [[propranolol]],
| |
| [[permethrin]],
| |
| [[protriptyline]],
| |
| [[pseudoephedrine]],
| |
| [[Pyrantel pamoate]],
| |
| [[pyridostigmine]],
| |
| [[quinapril]],
| |
| [[quinidine]],
| |
| [[quinupristin]],
| |
| [[rabeprazole]],
| |
| [[Radium chloride]],
| |
| [[ramipril]],
| |
| [[Ramucirumab]],
| |
| [[ranitidine]],
| |
| [[rasagiline]],
| |
| [[Rasburicase]],
| |
| [[repaglinide]],
| |
| [[reserpine]],
| |
| [[retapamulin]],
| |
| [[ribavirin]],
| |
| [[rifabutin]],
| |
| [[rifampin]],
| |
| [[rilmenidine]],
| |
| [[riluzole]],
| |
| [[risedronate]],
| |
| [[risperidone]],
| |
| [[ritonavir]],
| |
| [[rituximab]],
| |
| [[rivastigmine]],
| |
| [[rizatriptan]],
| |
| [[Riluzole]],
| |
| [[roflumilast]],
| |
| [[Sacrosidase]],
| |
| [[salsalate]],
| |
| [[saquinavir mesylate]],
| |
| [[Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride]]
| |
| [[sargramostim]],
| |
| [[Secukinumab]],
| |
| [[selegiline]],
| |
| [[sevelamer]],
| |
| [[sildenafil]],
| |
| [[Siltuximab]],
| |
| [[simethicone]],
| |
| [[simvastatin]],
| |
| [[sirolimus]],
| |
| [[sitagliptin]],
| |
| [[sodium oxybate]],
| |
| [[sodium picosulfate]],
| |
| [[sodium polystyrene sulfonate]],
| |
| [[solanine]],
| |
| [[solifenacin]],
| |
| [[sorafenib]],
| |
| [[sotalol]],
| |
| [[sparfloxacin]],
| |
| [[spironolactone]],
| |
| [[stavudine]],
| |
| [[streptozocin]],
| |
| [[sulfadiazine]],
| |
| [[sulfasalazine]],
| |
| [[sulfisoxazole]],
| |
| [[sulfisoxazole]],
| |
| [[sulindac]],
| |
| [[sumatriptan]],
| |
| [[sunitinib]],
| |
| [[tacrine]],
| |
| [[Tacrolimus]],
| |
| [[tamsulosin]],
| |
| [[tedizolid]],
| |
| [[tegaserod]],
| |
| [[telbivudine]],
| |
| [[telithromycin]],
| |
| [[telmisartan]],
| |
| [[temozolomide]],
| |
| [[teniposide]],
| |
| [[tenofovir]],
| |
| [[terbinafine]],
| |
| [[teriparatide]],
| |
| [[tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate]],
| |
| [[Thallous Chloride Tl 201]],
| |
| [[theophylline]],
| |
| [[thiabendazole]],
| |
| [[thioguanine]],
| |
| [[thioridazine]],
| |
| [[thiothixene]],
| |
| [[thyroxine]],
| |
| [[ticlopidine]],
| |
| [[Tigecycline]],
| |
| [[tiludronate]],
| |
| [[tipranavir]],
| |
| [[tocopherol]],
| |
| [[tolcapone]],
| |
| [[Tolmetin]],
| |
| [[topiramate]],
| |
| [[topotecan]],
| |
| [[Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide]],
| |
| [[trandolapril]],
| |
| [[tranylcypromine]],
| |
| [[trastuzumab]],
| |
| [[trazodone]],
| |
| [[treprostinil]],
| |
| [[Tretinoin]],
| |
| [[triamterene]],
| |
| [[triazolam]],
| |
| [[trifluoperazine]],
| |
| [[trihexyphenidyl]],
| |
| [[trimeprazine]],
| |
| [[trimethadione]],
| |
| [[trimethobenzamide]],
| |
| [[trimetrexate glucuronate]],
| |
| [[trimipramine]],
| |
| [[triprolidine]],
| |
| [[trovafloxacin]],
| |
| [[valacyclovir]],
| |
| [[valganciclovir]],
| |
| [[valproic acid]],
| |
| [[valsartan]],
| |
| [[verapamil]],
| |
| [[Vandetanib]],
| |
| [[Vilazodone]],
| |
| [[vinblastine]],
| |
| [[voriconazole]],
| |
| [[vorinostat]],
| |
| [[zanamivir]],
| |
| [[Zafirlukast]],
| |
| [[zidovudine]],
| |
| [[ziprasidone]],
| |
| [[zoledronic acid]],
| |
| [[zolmitriptan]],
| |
| [[Zoledronate]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Otitis media|Otitis media in children]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Endocrine'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Addison's disease]],
| |
| [[carcinoid syndrome]],
| |
| [[diabetes insipidus]],
| |
| [[diabetic neuropathy]],
| |
| [[glucagonoma]],
| |
| [[Graves disease]],
| |
| [[hyperthyroidism]],
| |
| [[hypoaldosteronism]],
| |
| [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
| |
| [[neuroendocrine tumors]],
| |
| [[somatostatinoma]],
| |
| [[subacute thyroiditis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Environmental'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[List of poisonous plants|Abrus precatorious]], [[agastache rugosa]], [[alchornea castaneifolia]], [[Amanita phalloides|amanita phalloides poisoning]], [[amnesic shellfish poisoning]], [[Azalea|azalea poisoning]], [[Bee sting|bee stings]], [[datura stramonium|datura stramonium poisoning]], [[endosulfan|endosulfan toxication]], [[food poisoning]], [[Herbal extract|herbal extract overdose]], [[Grayanotoxin|honey intoxication]], [[Insect bites and stings|insect bite allergy]], [[isomalt|isomalt toxicity]], [[lycorine]], [[marine toxins]], [[mushroom poisoning]], [[narcissus pseudonarcissus]], [[oleander poisoning]], [[pesticide poisoning]], [[phytohaemagglutinin|phytohaemagglutinin poisoning]], [[phytolacca americana#toxicity|phytolacca americana toxicity]], [[ricin|ricinus communis poisoning]], [[snakebites]], [[solanine|solanine poisoning]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Abdominal abscess]],
| |
| [[abdominal cancer]],
| |
| [[achlorhydria]],
| |
| [[acute appendicitis]],
| |
| [[acute gastritis]],
| |
| [[bile acid sequestrant]],
| |
| [[biliary atresia]],
| |
| [[biliary tract cancer]],
| |
| [[blind loop syndrome]],
| |
| [[caecitis]],
| |
| [[carcinoid syndrome]],
| |
| [[celiac disease]],
| |
| [[cholestatic jaundice]],
| |
| [[colitis]],
| |
| [[Megacolon other imaging findings|colonic inertia]],
| |
| [[colonic malakoplakia]],
| |
| [[colonic villous adenomata]],
| |
| [[colorectal cancer]],
| |
| [[colorectal polyps]],
| |
| [[Crohn's disease]],
| |
| [[diverticulitis]],
| |
| [[enteritis]],
| |
| [[vaginal prolapse|enterocele]],
| |
| [[enterocolitis]],
| |
| [[food poisoning]],
| |
| [[fructose malabsorption]],
| |
| [[gastric dumping syndrome]],
| |
| [[gastrinoma]],
| |
| [[gastritis]],
| |
| [[neuroendocrine tumor|gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor]],
| |
| [[gastroenteritis]],
| |
| [[amyloidosis|gastrointestinal amyloidosis]],
| |
| [[glucose-galactose malabsorption]],
| |
| [[gluten sensitivity]],
| |
| [[Habba Syndrome|Habba syndrome]]
| |
| [[ileitis]],
| |
| [[inflammatory bowel disease]],
| |
| [[Primary lymphedema|intestinal lymphangiectasis]],
| |
| [[intestinal pseudoobstruction]],
| |
| [[intususception]],
| |
| [[irritable bowel syndrome]],
| |
| [[ischemic colitis]],
| |
| [[lactose intolerance]],
| |
| [[listeriosis]],
| |
| [[malabsorption syndrome]],
| |
| [[malassimilation]],
| |
| [[Meckel diverticulitis]],
| |
| [[polyposis]],
| |
| [[proctitis]],
| |
| [[protein losing enteropathy]],
| |
| [[tropical sprue]],
| |
| [[ulcerative colitis]],
| |
| [[Whipple's disease]],
| |
| [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Genetic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]],
| |
| [[3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]],
| |
| [[abetalipoproteinaemia]],
| |
| [[Arakawa's syndrome II]],
| |
| [[aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency]],
| |
| [[aspartylglycosaminuria]],
| |
| [[Baber's syndrome]],
| |
| [[Brown-symmers disease]],
| |
| [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]],
| |
| [[congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1B]],
| |
| [[Intrinsic factor|congenital intrinsic factor deficiency]],
| |
| [[congenital short bowel syndrome]],
| |
| [[congenital toxoplasmosis]],
| |
| [[Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2]],
| |
| [[Cronkhite-Canada disease]],
| |
| [[dibasic aminoaciduria 2]],
| |
| [[Fabry's disease]],
| |
| [[familial amyloid polyneuropathy]],
| |
| [[galactosemia]],
| |
| [[Gardner's syndrome]],
| |
| [[Gilbert's syndrome]],
| |
| [[glutathione synthetase deficiency]],
| |
| [[Hartnup disease]],
| |
| [[hereditary angioedema]],
| |
| [[HNPCC]],
| |
| [[hyper IgM syndrome]],
| |
| [[hyperlipoproteinemia type I]],
| |
| [[inborn amino acid metabolism disorder]],
| |
| [[juvenile polyposis syndrome]],
| |
| [[lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia]],
| |
| [[malonic aciduria]],
| |
| [[malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]],
| |
| [[mucopolysaccharidosis]],
| |
| [[neuroblastoma]],
| |
| [[neurofibromatosis]],
| |
| [[Sanfilippo syndrome]],
| |
| [[Slone's disease]],
| |
| [[sphingolipidosis]],
| |
| [[sucrase-isomaltase deficiency]],
| |
| [[Turcot syndrome]],
| |
| [[very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]],
| |
| [[Von Gierke disease]],
| |
| [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]],
| |
| [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Hematologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Amyloidosis]],
| |
| [[hereditary angioedema|C1 esterase inhibitor]],
| |
| [[chronic myeloproliferative disorders]],
| |
| [[hyper IgM syndrome]],
| |
| [[idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]],
| |
| [[megaloblastic anemia]],
| |
| [[myleofibrosis]],
| |
| [[neutropenia]],
| |
| [[porphyria]]
| |
| [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]],
| |
| [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Iatrogenic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Adjustable gastric band]],
| |
| [[colonoscopy]],
| |
| [[dumping syndrome]],
| |
| [[graft versus host disease]],
| |
| [[percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy]],
| |
| [[Abdominal surgery|postileal resection]],
| |
| [[vagotomy|postvagotomy]],
| |
| [[Proctitis|radiation proctitis]],
| |
| [[Rectal prolapse surgery|rectal surgery]],
| |
| [[radiation sickness]],
| |
| [[short bowel syndrome]],
| |
| [[vaccination]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Infectious Disease'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Adenophorea]],
| |
| [[adenoviridae]],
| |
| [[aeromonas hydrophila]],
| |
| [[AIDS]],
| |
| [[amebiasis]],
| |
| [[ancylostoma duodenale]],
| |
| [[anguillulosis]],
| |
| [[anthrax]],
| |
| [[ascariasis]],
| |
| [[astrovirus]],
| |
| [[bacillary dysentery]],
| |
| [[bacillus cereus]],
| |
| [[bacterial toxin]],
| |
| [[balantidiasis]],
| |
| [[beef tapeworm]],
| |
| [[blastocystis hominis]],
| |
| [[borrelia anserina]],
| |
| [[botulism]],
| |
| [[campylobacter jejuni]],
| |
| [[candida]],
| |
| [[capillaria]],
| |
| [[cestoda]],
| |
| [[ciguatera poisoning]],
| |
| [[clostridium difficile]],
| |
| [[clostridium perfringens]],
| |
| [[clostridium sordellii]],
| |
| [[clostridium welchii]],
| |
| [[coccidia]],
| |
| [[cryptosporidiosis]],
| |
| [[cyclosporiasis]],
| |
| [[cysticercosis]],
| |
| [[cytomegalovirus]],
| |
| [[dientamoeba fragilis]],
| |
| [[diphyllobothrium infection]],
| |
| [[dipylidium caninum infection]],
| |
| [[Ebola]],
| |
| [[echinococcosis]],
| |
| [[ehrlichiosis]],
| |
| [[entamoeba histolytica]],
| |
| [[escherichia coli]],
| |
| [[fasciolopsiasis]],
| |
| [[filariasis]],
| |
| [[flavivirus]],
| |
| [[fusarium venenatum]],
| |
| [[giardia lamblia]],
| |
| [[hantavirus pulmonary syndrome]],
| |
| [[helminthiasis]],
| |
| [[hepatitis A]],
| |
| [[hepatitis B]],
| |
| [[hepatitis C]],
| |
| [[hepatitis D]],
| |
| [[hepatitis E]],
| |
| [[hepatitis X]],
| |
| [[hookworm infection]],
| |
| [[isosporiasis]],
| |
| [[katayama fever]],
| |
| [[lassa fever]],
| |
| [[legionella pneumophila]],
| |
| [[legionnaires' disease]],
| |
| [[leptospirosis]],
| |
| [[lymphogranuloma venereum]],
| |
| [[malaria]],
| |
| [[marburg virus]],
| |
| [[measles]],
| |
| [[metagonimiasis]],
| |
| [[mycobacterium avium complex]],
| |
| [[norwalk gastroenteritis]],
| |
| [[opisthorchis infection]],
| |
| [[paragonimus infection]],
| |
| [[pelvic abscess]],
| |
| [[pseudomembranous colitis]],
| |
| [[psittacosis]],
| |
| [[Q fever]],
| |
| [[rhabditida]],
| |
| [[rotavirus]],
| |
| [[roundworm]],
| |
| [[salmonellosis]],
| |
| [[sarcocystis]],
| |
| [[schistosomiasis]],
| |
| [[secernentea]],
| |
| [[shigellosis]],
| |
| [[small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]],
| |
| [[staphylococcal food poisoning]],
| |
| [[staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]],
| |
| [[streptobacillus]],
| |
| [[streptococcal infections]],
| |
| [[strongyloides]],
| |
| [[tapeworms]],
| |
| [[trematoda]],
| |
| [[trichinella spiralis]],
| |
| [[trichinosis]],
| |
| [[trichuriasis]],
| |
| [[tularemia]],
| |
| [[typhoid fever]],
| |
| [[vancomycin]],
| |
| [[vibrio cholerae]],
| |
| [[Vibrio|vibrio mimicus]],
| |
| [[vibrio parahemolyticus]],
| |
| [[vibrio vulnificus]],
| |
| [[visceral leishmaniasis]],
| |
| [[Whipple disease]], [[whipworm infection]], [[yersinia enterocolitica]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Neurologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Common migraine]], [[neuroblastoma]], [[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Folate deficiency]],
| |
| [[food allergies]],
| |
| [[food intolerances]],
| |
| [[iron supplements]],
| |
| [[kwashiorkor]],
| |
| [[lactose intolerance]],
| |
| [[milk allergy]],
| |
| [[pellagra]],
| |
| [[pernicious anemia]],
| |
| [[protein losing enteropathy]],
| |
| [[sucrose intolerance]],
| |
| [[vitamin C toxicity]],
| |
| [[zinc deficiency]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Childbirth]], [[endometriosis]], [[neonatal sepsis]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Oncologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Adrenal tumor]],
| |
| [[carcinoid syndrome]],
| |
| [[colorectal cancer]],
| |
| [[Ewing's sarcoma]],
| |
| [[Gardner's syndrome]],
| |
| [[gastric cancer]],
| |
| [[HNPCC]],
| |
| [[juvenile polyposis syndrome]],
| |
| [[Kaposi's sarcoma]],
| |
| [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]],
| |
| [[neuroendocrine tumors]],
| |
| [[pancreatic adenoma]],
| |
| [[mesothelioma|peritoneal mesothelioma]],
| |
| [[neuroendocrine tumors]],
| |
| [[ovarian cancer]],
| |
| [[small bowel lymphoma]],
| |
| [[somatostatinoma]],
| |
| [[thymus cancer]],
| |
| [[Vipoma]],
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Opthalmologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Carbon monoxide toxicity]],
| |
| [[carnitine overuse]],
| |
| [[colchicine toxicity]],
| |
| [[Digoxin|digoxin toxicity]],
| |
| [[ergotism]],
| |
| [[heavy metal ingestion]],
| |
| [[mazindol]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Psychiatric'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anxiety-tension syndrome]], [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[dissociative disorder]], [[panic attack]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Pulmonary'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anthrax]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[systemic sclerosis|diffuse systemic sclerosis]], [[legionellosis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute kidney failure]], [[chronic renal failure]], [[hyperchloremia]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Acquired angioedema]],
| |
| [[Amyloidosis]],
| |
| [[anaphylaxis]],
| |
| [[autoimmune adrenalitis]],
| |
| [[autoimmune enteropathy]],
| |
| [[autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]],
| |
| [[autonomic neuropathy]],
| |
| [[hereditary angioedema|C1 esterase inhibitor]],
| |
| [[chronic granulomatous disease]],
| |
| [[complement 5 deficiency]],
| |
| [[hereditary angioedema]],
| |
| [[hyper IgM syndrome]],
| |
| [[Kawasaki disease]],
| |
| [[Omenn syndrome]],
| |
| [[Reiter’s syndrome]],
| |
| [[Satoyoshi syndrome]],
| |
| [[severe combined immunodeficiency]],
| |
| [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]],
| |
| [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Trauma'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Urologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Proctitis]], [[Reiter’s syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Miscellaneous'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Alcohol intoxication]],
| |
| [[alcohol withdrawal]],
| |
| [[anopsology]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
| |
| {{Columns-list|5|
| |
| *[[2C-B]]
| |
| *[[3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[5-HT3 antagonist]]
| |
| *[[tryptamine|5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine]]
| |
| *[[Abacavir]]
| |
| *[[Abdominal abscess]]
| |
| *[[Abdominal cancer]]
| |
| *[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
| |
| *[[List of poisonous plants|Abrus precatorious]]
| |
| *[[Acamprosate calcium]]
| |
| *[[Acarbose]]
| |
| *[[Acebutolol]]
| |
| *[[Acetylcysteine]]
| |
| *[[Achlorhydria]]
| |
| *[[Achylia]]]
| |
| *[[Acitretin]]
| |
| *[[Aconitine]]
| |
| *[[Acquired angioedema]]
| |
| *[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]
| |
| *[[Acrodynia]]
| |
| *[[Acute appendicitis]]
| |
| *[[Acute gastritis]]
| |
| *[[Acute kidney failure]]
| |
| *[[Acute pancreatitis]]
| |
| *[[zinc|Acute zinc toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Acyclovir]]
| |
| *[[Addison's disease]]
| |
| *[[Adefovir]]
| |
| *[[Adenophorea]]
| |
| *[[Adenoviridae]]
| |
| *[[Adjustable gastric band]]
| |
| *[[Adrenal tumor]]
| |
| *[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]
| |
| *[[Agastache rugosa]]
| |
| *[[AIDS]]
| |
| *[[Alagille syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Alatrofloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Albendazole]]
| |
| *[[Alchornea castaneifolia]]
| |
| *[[Alcohol intoxication]]
| |
| *[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
| |
| *[[Aldesleukin]]
| |
| *[[Alemtuzumab]]
| |
| *[[Alendronate]]
| |
| *[[Aliskiren]]
| |
| *[[Allopurinol]]
| |
| *[[Alosetron]]
| |
| *[[Alpha-amanitin]]
| |
| *[[Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]]
| |
| *[[Alprazolam]]
| |
| *[[Altretamine]]
| |
| *[[Amanita phalloides|Amanita phalloides poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Ambenonium]]
| |
| *[[Amebiasis]]
| |
| *[[Amifostine]]
| |
| *[[Amikacin]]
| |
| *[[Amiloride]]
| |
| *[[Aminocaproic acid]]
| |
| *[[Aminophylline]]
| |
| *[[Amitriptyline]]
| |
| *[[Amlexanox]]
| |
| *[[Amlodipine]]
| |
| *[[Ammonium lauryl sulfate]]
| |
| *[[Amnesic shellfish poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Amoxicillin]]
| |
| *[[Amphetamine]]
| |
| *[[Amphotericin B]]
| |
| *[[Ampicillin]]
| |
| *[[Amprenavir]]
| |
| *[[Amyloidosis]]
| |
| *[[Anadenanthera peregrina]]
| |
| *[[Anagrelide]]
| |
| *[[Anakinra]]
| |
| *[[Anaphylaxis]]
| |
| *[[Anastrozole]]
| |
| *[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]
| |
| *[[Angioedema]]
| |
| *[[Anguillulosis]]
| |
| *[[Anidulafungin]]
| |
| *[[Anisindione]]
| |
| *[[Anopsology]]
| |
| *[[Antacids]]
| |
| *[[Anthraquinone]]
| |
| *[[Anthrax]]
| |
| *[[Antidepressants]]
| |
| *[[Antineoplastic agents]]
| |
| *[[Anxiety-tension syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Apomorphine]]
| |
| *[[Appendicitis]]
| |
| *[[Applesauce]]
| |
| *[[Aprepitant]]
| |
| *[[Arakawa's syndrome II]]
| |
| *[[Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Arsenic poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Ascariasis]]
| |
| *[[Aspartylglycosaminuria]]
| |
| *[[Astrovirus]]
| |
| *[[Atazanavir]]
| |
| *[[Atenolol]]
| |
| *[[Athabaskan severe combined immunodeficiency]]
| |
| *[[Atorvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Atovaquone]]
| |
| *[[Auranofin]]
| |
| *[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]
| |
| *[[Autoimmune enteropathy]]
| |
| *[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Autonomic neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Ayahuasca]]
| |
| *[[Azithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Aztreonam]]
| |
| *[[Baber's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Bacillary dysentery]]
| |
| *[[Bacillus cereus]]
| |
| *[[Bacitracin]]
| |
| *[[Baclofen]]
| |
| *[[Bacterial toxin]]
| |
| *[[Balantidiasis]]
| |
| *[[Barium nitrate]]
| |
| *[[Barium sulfate]]
| |
| *[[Beef tapeworm]]
| |
| *[[Benazepril]]
| |
| *[[Bepridil]]
| |
| *[[Bethanechol chloride]]
| |
| *[[Bevacizumab]]
| |
| *[[Bezafibrate]]
| |
| *[[Bicalutamide]]
| |
| *[[Biguanide]]
| |
| *[[Bile acid sequestrant]]
| |
| *[[Biliary atresia]]
| |
| *[[Biliary tract cancer]]
| |
| *[[Stomach cancer surgery|Billroth II procedure]]
| |
| *[[Bisacodyl]]
| |
| *[[Bisoprolol]]
| |
| *[[Blastocystis hominis]]
| |
| *[[Blind loop syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Borrelia anserina]]
| |
| *[[Bortezomib]]
| |
| *[[Botulism]]
| |
| *[[Brainerd diarrhea]]
| |
| *[[Bromelain]]
| |
| *[[Brompheniramine]]
| |
| *[[Brown-symmers disease]]
| |
| *[[Bumetanide]]
| |
| *[[Buspirone]]
| |
| *[[Busulfan]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary angioedema|C1 esterase inhibitor]]
| |
| *[[Caecitis]]
| |
| *[[Calcitonin]]
| |
| *[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
| |
| *[[Candesartan]]
| |
| *[[Candida]]
| |
| *[[Capecitabine]]
| |
| *[[Capillaria]]
| |
| *[[Capsaicin]]
| |
| *[[Carbamazepine]]
| |
| *[[Carbon monoxide toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Carboplatin]]
| |
| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Cardiac glycosides]]
| |
| *[[Carmustine]]
| |
| *[[Carnitine overuse]]
| |
| *[[Carteolol]]
| |
| *[[Carvedilol]]
| |
| *[[Castor oil]]
| |
| *[[Cefaclor]]
| |
| *[[Cefadroxil]]
| |
| *[[Cefamandole nafate]]
| |
| *[[Cefazolin]]
| |
| *[[Cefdinir]]
| |
| *[[Cefepime]]
| |
| *[[Cefixime]]
| |
| *[[Cefoperazone]]
| |
| *[[Cefotaxime]]
| |
| *[[Cefotetan disodium]]
| |
| *[[Cefoxitin]]
| |
| *[[Cefpodoxime]]
| |
| *[[Cefprozil]]
| |
| *[[Ceftaroline fosamil]]
| |
| *[[Ceftazidime]]
| |
| *[[Ceftibuten]]
| |
| *[[Ceftizoxime]]
| |
| *[[Ceftriaxone]]
| |
| *[[Cefuroxime]]
| |
| *[[Celiac disease]]
| |
| *[[Cephalexin]]
| |
| *[[Cephalosporins]]
| |
| *[[Cephradine]]
| |
| *[[Cerivastatin]]
| |
| *[[Cestoda]]
| |
| *[[Cetuximab]]
| |
| *[[Cevimeline]]
| |
| *[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]
| |
| *[[Childbirth]]
| |
| *[[Chlamydia]]
| |
| *[[Chloral hydrate]]
| |
| *[[Chlorambucil]]
| |
| *[[Chlordane]]
| |
| *[[Chlordiazepoxide]]
| |
| *[[Chlorodyne]]
| |
| *[[Chloroquine]]
| |
| *[[Chlorothiazide ]]
| |
| *[[Chlorpheniramine ]]
| |
| *[[Chlorpropamide]]
| |
| *[[Chlorthalidone ]]
| |
| *[[Cholecystitis]]
| |
| *[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
| |
| *[[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]]
| |
| *[[Cholestyramine ]]
| |
| *[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
| |
| *[[Chronic myeloproliferative disorders]]
| |
| *[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
| |
| *[[Chronic renal failure]]
| |
| *[[Chylomicron retention disease]]
| |
| *[[Ciclosporin]]
| |
| *[[Cidofovir]]
| |
| *[[Ciguatera poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Cilostazol]]
| |
| *[[Cinacalcet]]
| |
| *[[Cinchonism]]
| |
| *[[Ciprofloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Cisapride]]
| |
| *[[Citalopram]]
| |
| *[[Cladribine]]
| |
| *[[Clamoxyquine]]
| |
| *[[Clarithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Clavulanic acid]]
| |
| *[[Clindamycin]]
| |
| *[[Clofarabine]]
| |
| *[[Clofibrate]]
| |
| *[[Clomipramine ]]
| |
| *[[Clonazepam]]
| |
| *[[Clopidogrel]]
| |
| *[[Clorazepate]]
| |
| *[[Clostridium difficile]]
| |
| *[[Clostridium perfringens]]
| |
| *[[Clostridium sordellii]]
| |
| *[[Clostridium welchii]]
| |
| *[[Coccidia]]
| |
| *[[Colchicine]]
| |
| *[[Colestyramine]]
| |
| *[[Colistimethate]]
| |
| *[[Colitis]]
| |
| *[[Collagenous colitis]]
| |
| *[[Megacolon|Colonic inertia]]
| |
| *[[Colonic malakoplakia]]
| |
| *[[Colonic villous adenomata]]
| |
| *[[Colonoscopy]]
| |
| *[[Colorectal cancer]]
| |
| *[[Colorectal polyps]]
| |
| *[[Common migraine]]
| |
| *[[Common variable immunodeficiency]]
| |
| *[[Complement 5 deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
| |
| *[[Congenital chloride diarrhea]]
| |
| *[[Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1B]]
| |
| *[[intrinsic factor|Congenital intrinsic factor deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Congenital short bowel syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Congenital toxoplasmosis]]
| |
| *[[Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2]]
| |
| *[[Crohn's disease]]
| |
| *[[Cronkhite-Canada disease]]
| |
| *[[Cryptosporidiosis]]
| |
| *[[Cyclophosphamide]]
| |
| *[[Cyclosporiasis]]
| |
| *[[Cyproheptadine]]
| |
| *[[Cystic fibrosis]]
| |
| *[[Cysticercosis]]
| |
| *[[Cytarabine]]
| |
| *[[Cytomegalovirus]]
| |
| *[[Dactinomycin]]
| |
| *[[Dalfopristin]]
| |
| *[[Dantrolene]]
| |
| *[[Daptomycin]]
| |
| *[[Darbepoetin alfa]]
| |
| *[[Darifenacin]]
| |
| *[[Darunavir]]
| |
| *[[Dasatinib]]
| |
| *[[datura stramonium|Datura stramonium poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Daunorubicin]]
| |
| *[[Deferasirox]]
| |
| *[[Delavirdine]]
| |
| *[[Demeclocycline]]
| |
| *[[Deracoxib]]
| |
| *[[Desoxyn]]
| |
| *[[Dextroamphetamine]]
| |
| *[[Dextromethorphan]]
| |
| *[[Diabetes insipidus]]
| |
| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Diacerein]]
| |
| *[[Diazepam]]
| |
| *[[Diazinon]]
| |
| *[[Dibasic aminoaciduria 2]]
| |
| *[[Diclofenac]]
| |
| *[[Dicloxacillin]]
| |
| *[[Didanosine]]
| |
| *[[Dientamoeba fragilis]]
| |
| *[[systemic sclerosis|Diffuse systemic sclerosis]]
| |
| *[[Diflunisal]]
| |
| *[[Digitoxin]]
| |
| *[[Digoxin]]
| |
| *[[Diltiazem]]
| |
| *[[Diphyllobothrium infection]]
| |
| *[[Dipylidium caninum infection]]
| |
| *[[Dipyridamole]]
| |
| *[[Dirithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Dissociative disorder]]
| |
| *[[Distigmine]]
| |
| *[[Diverticulitis]]
| |
| *[[Docetaxel]]
| |
| *[[Dofetilide]]
| |
| *[[Dolasetron]]
| |
| *[[Donepezil]]
| |
| *[[Doripenem]]
| |
| *[[Doxorubicin]]
| |
| *[[Doxycycline]]
| |
| *[[Dracunculiasis]]
| |
| *[[DTPA]]
| |
| *[[Duloxetine]]
| |
| *[[Dumping syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Ebola]]
| |
| *[[Echinococcosis]]
| |
| *[[Echovirus]]
| |
| *[[Eculizumab]]
| |
| *[[Efavirenz ]]
| |
| *[[Eflornithine]]
| |
| *[[Ehrlichiosis]]
| |
| *[[Emtricitabine]]
| |
| *[[Enalapril]]
| |
| *[[End stage liver failure]]
| |
| *[[Endometriosis]]
| |
| *[[Endosulfan]]
| |
| *[[Enoxacin]]
| |
| *[[Entacapone]]
| |
| *[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
| |
| *[[Enteritis]]
| |
| *[[Enterobacter]]
| |
| *[[Vaginal prolapse|Enterocele]]
| |
| *[[Enterocolitis]]
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli|Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)]]
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli|Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) ]]
| |
| *[[Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli|Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)]]
| |
| *[[Epirubicin hydrochloride]]
| |
| *[[Eplerenone]]
| |
| *[[Epoetin alfa]]
| |
| *[[Ergotamine]]
| |
| *[[Ergotism]]
| |
| *[[Erlotinib]]
| |
| *[[Erythromycin]]
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli O157:H7]]
| |
| *[[Esomeprazole]]
| |
| *[[Estazolam]]
| |
| *[[Estradiol]]
| |
| *[[Ethacrynic acid]]
| |
| *[[Ethanol]]
| |
| *[[Ethosuximide]]
| |
| *[[Etidronate]]
| |
| *[[Etodolac]]
| |
| *[[Etoposide]]
| |
| *[[Everolimus]]
| |
| * Excess [[coffee]], [[tea]]
| |
| *[[Exemestane]]
| |
| *[[Exenatide]]
| |
| *[[Ezetimibe]]
| |
| *[[Fabry's disease]]
| |
| *[[Famciclovir]]
| |
| *[[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Famotidine]]
| |
| *[[Fasciolopsiasis]]
| |
| *[[Favism]]
| |
| *[[Fecal impaction]]
| |
| *[[Felbamate]]
| |
| *[[Fexofenadine]]
| |
| *[[Filariasis]]
| |
| *[[Flavivirus]]
| |
| *[[Floxuridine]]
| |
| *[[Fluconazole]]
| |
| *[[Flucytosine]]
| |
| *[[Fludarabine]]
| |
| *[[Fluke|Fluke infections]]
| |
| *[[Fluoride]]
| |
| *[[Fluorouracil]]
| |
| *[[Fluoxetine]]
| |
| *[[Flurazepam]]
| |
| *[[Flurbiprofen]]
| |
| *[[Flutamide]]
| |
| *[[Fluticasone]]
| |
| *[[Fluvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Fluvoxamine]]
| |
| *[[Folate deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Food allergies]]
| |
| *[[Food intolerances]]
| |
| *[[Food poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Fosamprenavir]]
| |
| *[[Foscarnet]]
| |
| *[[Fosinopril]]
| |
| *[[Frovatriptan]]
| |
| *[[Fructose malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Fulvestrant]]
| |
| *[[Fusarium venenatum]]
| |
| *[[Gabapentin]]
| |
| *[[Galactosemia]]
| |
| *[[Galantamine]]
| |
| *[[Ganciclovir]]
| |
| *[[Gardner's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Gastric cancer]]
| |
| *[[Gastric dumping syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Gastrinoma]]
| |
| *[[Gastritis]]
| |
| *[[neuroendocrine tumor|Gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor]]
| |
| * [[fistula|Gastrocolic fistula]]
| |
| *[[Gastroenteritis]]
| |
| *[[amyloidosis|Gastrointestinal amyloidosis]]
| |
| *[[Gatifloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Gefitinib]]
| |
| *[[Gemcitabine]]
| |
| *[[Gemeprost]]
| |
| *[[Gemfibrozil]]
| |
| *[[Gentamicin]]
| |
| *[[Giardia lamblia]]
| |
| *[[Gilbert's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Glatiramer]]
| |
| *[[Glipizide]]
| |
| *[[Glucagonoma]]
| |
| *[[Glucosamine]]
| |
| *[[Glucose-galactose malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Glutathione synthetase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Gluten sensitivity]]
| |
| *[[Glycopyrrolate]]
| |
| *[[Graft versus host disease]]
| |
| *[[Granisetron]]
| |
| *[[Graves' disease]]
| |
| *[[Griseofulvin]]
| |
| *[[Guanethidine]]
| |
| *[[Guanfacine]]
| |
| *[[Habba Syndrome|Habba syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hartnup disease]]
| |
| *[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
| |
| *[[Helminthiasis]]
| |
| *[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis A]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis B]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis C]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis D]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis E]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis X]]
| |
| *[[Herbal extract|Herbal extract overdose]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary angioedema]]
| |
| *[[Heroin dependence]]
| |
| *[[Heroin withdrawal]]
| |
| *[[HNPCC]]
| |
| *[[Grayanotoxin|Honey intoxication]]
| |
| *[[Hookworm infection]]
| |
| *[[Hydralazine]]
| |
| *[[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
| |
| *[[Hydroxychloroquine]]
| |
| *[[Hydroxyurea]]
| |
| *[[Hymenolepis infection]]
| |
| *[[Hyoscyamine]]
| |
| *[[Hyper IgM syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hyperchloremia]]
| |
| *[[Hyperlipoproteinemia type I]]
| |
| *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
| |
| *[[Hypoaldosteronism]]
| |
| *[[Ibandronate]]
| |
| *[[Ibuprofen]]
| |
| *[[Idarubicin]]
| |
| *[[Idelalisib]]
| |
| *[[Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Ileitis]]
| |
| *[[Imatinib]]
| |
| *[[Imipenem]]
| |
| *[[Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder]]
| |
| *[[Indomethacin]]
| |
| *[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
| |
| *[[Infliximab]]
| |
| *[[Influenza virus]]
| |
| *[[Insect bites and stings|Insect bite allergy]]
| |
| *[[Insulin lispro]]
| |
| *[[Interferon alpha]]
| |
| *[[Interferon Beta-1b]]
| |
| *[[primary lymphedema|Intestinal lymphangiectasis]]
| |
| *[[Intestinal pseudoobstruction]]
| |
| *[[Intususception]]
| |
| *[[IPEX (syndrome)]]
| |
| *[[Irinotecan hydrochloride]]
| |
| *[[Iron supplements]]
| |
| *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Ischemic colitis]]
| |
| *[[Isocarboxazid]]
| |
| *[[Isomalt|Isomalt toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Isosporiasis]]
| |
| *[[Isradipine]]
| |
| *[[Itraconazole]]
| |
| *[[Ivacaftor]]
| |
| *[[Ixabepilone]]
| |
| *[[Juvenile polyposis syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Kanamycin]]
| |
| *[[Kaposi's sarcoma]]
| |
| *[[Katayama fever]]
| |
| *[[Kawasaki disease]]
| |
| *[[Ketoconazole]]
| |
| *[[Ketorolac]]
| |
| *[[Klebsiella]]
| |
| *[[Kwashiorkor]]
| |
| *[[Laburnum]]
| |
| *[[Lactose intolerance]]
| |
| *[[Lamivudine]]
| |
| *[[Lamotrigine]]
| |
| *[[Lanreotide]]
| |
| *[[Lansoprazole]]
| |
| *[[Lanthanum]]
| |
| *[[Lapatinib ditosylate]]
| |
| *[[Lassa fever]]
| |
| *[[Laxative abuse]]
| |
| *[[Lead poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Leflunomide]]
| |
| *[[Legionella pneumophila]]
| |
| *[[Legionnaires' disease]]
| |
| *[[Leptospirosis]]
| |
| *[[Letrozole]]
| |
| *[[Leuprolide]]
| |
| *[[Levalbuterol]]
| |
| *[[Levetiracetam]]
| |
| *[[Levocarnitine]]
| |
| *[[Levodopa]]
| |
| *[[Levofloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Levothyroxine]]
| |
| *[[Lincomycin]]
| |
| *[[Linezolid]]
| |
| *[[Liothyronine sodium]]
| |
| *[[Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
| |
| *[[Lisinopril]]
| |
| *[[Listeriosis]]
| |
| *[[Lithium]]
| |
| *[[Lomefloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Lopinavir]]
| |
| *[[Loracarbef]]
| |
| *[[Loratadine]]
| |
| *[[Lorazepam]]
| |
| *[[Loxapine]]
| |
| *[[Lycorine]]
| |
| *[[Lymphangiectasis]]
| |
| *[[Lymphocytic colitis]]
| |
| *[[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]
| |
| *[[Macrolides]]
| |
| *[[Magnesium hydroxide]]
| |
| *[[Magnesium|Magnesium salts]]
| |
| *[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Malaria]]
| |
| *[[Malassimilation]]
| |
| *[[Malonic aciduria]]
| |
| *[[Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Mannitol]]
| |
| *[[Marburg virus]]
| |
| *[[Marine toxins]]
| |
| *[[Mastocytosis]]
| |
| *[[Mazindol]]
| |
| *[[Measles]]
| |
| *[[Mebendazole]]
| |
| *[[Mechlorethamine]]
| |
| *[[Meckel diverticulitis]]
| |
| *[[Meclofenamate]]
| |
| *[[Medullary carcinoma of thyroid]]
| |
| *[[Mefenamic acid]]
| |
| *[[Mefloquine]]
| |
| *[[Megaloblastic anemia]]
| |
| *[[Megesterol]]
| |
| *[[Melarsoprol]]
| |
| *[[Meloxicam]]
| |
| *[[Ménétrier's disease]]
| |
| *[[Meprobamate]]
| |
| *[[Mercaptopurine]]
| |
| *[[Mercury poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Meropenem]]
| |
| *[[Mesalazine]]
| |
| *[[Mesna]]
| |
| *[[Mesoridazine]]
| |
| *[[Metabolic disorders]]
| |
| *[[Metagonimiasis]]
| |
| *[[Metal fume fever]]
| |
| *[[Metformin]]
| |
| *[[Methenamine]]
| |
| *[[Methotrexate]]
| |
| *[[Methoxychlor]]
| |
| *[[Methsuximide]]
| |
| *[[Methyclothiazide]]
| |
| *[[Methyldopa]]
| |
| *[[Methylergonovine]]
| |
| *[[Methyprylon]]
| |
| *[[Metoclopramide]]
| |
| *[[Metolachlor]]
| |
| *[[Metolazone]]
| |
| *[[Metoprolol]]
| |
| *[[Metronidazole]]
| |
| *[[Micafungin sodium]]
| |
| *[[Miconazole]]
| |
| *[[Microvillous inclusion disease]]
| |
| *[[Mifepristone]]
| |
| *[[Miglitol]]
| |
| *[[Milk allergy]]
| |
| *[[Mineral oil]]
| |
| *[[Minocycline]]
| |
| *[[Misoprostol]]
| |
| *[[Mitotane]]
| |
| *[[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
| |
| *[[Moclobemide]]
| |
| *[[Modafinil]]
| |
| *[[Moexipril]]
| |
| *[[Mastocytosis|Monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Moricizine ]]
| |
| *[[Morphine withdrawal]]
| |
| *[[Moxifloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Mucopolysaccharidosis]]
| |
| *[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
| |
| *[[Muscarine]]
| |
| *[[Mushroom poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Mycobacterium avium complex]]
| |
| *[[Mycophenolate]]
| |
| *[[Myleofibrosis]]
| |
| *[[Nabumetone]]
| |
| *[[Nafcillin]]
| |
| *[[Nalidixic acid]]
| |
| *[[Naltrexone ]]
| |
| *[[Naphthalene]]
| |
| *[[Narcissus pseudonarcissus]]
| |
| *[[Natalizumab]]
| |
| *[[Natamycin]]
| |
| *[[Nateglinide]]
| |
| *[[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
| |
| *[[Neisseria gonorrhea]]
| |
| *[[Nelfinavir]]
| |
| *[[Neomycin]]
| |
| *[[Neostigmine]]
| |
| *[[Netilmicin]]
| |
| *[[Neuroblastoma]]
| |
| *[[Neuroendocrine tumors]]
| |
| *[[Neurofibromatosis]]
| |
| *[[Neutropenia]]
| |
| *[[Nevirapine ]]
| |
| *[[Niclosamide]]
| |
| *[[Nintedanib]]
| |
| *[[Nizatidine]]
| |
| *[[Nontropical sprue]]
| |
| *[[Norfloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Norwalk gastroenteritis]]
| |
| *[[Nystatin]]
| |
| *[[Octreotide]]
| |
| *[[Ofloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Oleander|Oleander poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Olsalazine]]
| |
| *[[Omalizumab]]
| |
| *[[Omenn syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Omeprazole]]
| |
| *[[Ondansetron]]
| |
| *[[Opioid withdrawal]]
| |
| *[[Opisthorchis infection]]
| |
| *[[Organophosphates]]
| |
| *[[Orlistat]]
| |
| *[[Oseltamivir]]
| |
| *[[laxative|Osmotic laxative]]
| |
| *[[Otitis media|Otitis media in children]]
| |
| *[[Ovarian cancer]]
| |
| *[[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Oxaliplatin]]
| |
| *[[Oxazepam]]
| |
| *[[Oxcarbazepine]]
| |
| *[[Oxtriphylline]]
| |
| *[[Oxybutynin]]
| |
| *[[Oxyphenisatine]]
| |
| *[[Palbociclib]]
| |
| *[[Palivizumab]]
| |
| *[[Pancreatic adenoma]]
| |
| *[[Pancrelipase]]
| |
| *[[Panitumumab]]
| |
| *[[Pantoprazole]]
| |
| *[[Paragonimus infection]]
| |
| *[[Paraquat]]
| |
| *[[Parasympathomimetics]]
| |
| *[[Parathion]]
| |
| *[[Paroxetine]]
| |
| *[[Pearson syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Pegaspargase]]
| |
| *[[Peginterferon alfa-2a]]
| |
| *[[Peginterferon alfa-2b]]
| |
| *[[Pellagra]]
| |
| *[[Pelvic abscess]]
| |
| *[[Pemetrexed]]
| |
| *[[Pemoline]]
| |
| *[[Penbutolol]]
| |
| *[[Penicillin allergy]]
| |
| *[[Penicillium marneffei]]
| |
| *[[Pentamidine]]
| |
| *[[Pentostatin]]
| |
| *[[Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy]]
| |
| *[[Pergolide]]
| |
| *[[Perindopril]]
| |
| *[[Periodic hyperlysinemia]]
| |
| *[[Mesothelioma|Peritoneal mesothelioma]]
| |
| *[[Pernicious anemia]]
| |
| *[[Perphenazine]]
| |
| *[[Persin]]
| |
| *[[Pesticide poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Phenoxymethylpenicillin]]
| |
| *[[Phentermine]]
| |
| *[[Phentolamine]]
| |
| *[[Phycomycosis]]
| |
| *[[Phytohaemagglutinin|Phytohaemagglutinin poisoning]]
| |
| *[[phytolacca americana|Phytolacca americana toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Pilocarpine]]
| |
| *[[Pimecrolimus]]
| |
| *[[Pimozide]]
| |
| *[[Pirfenidone]]
| |
| *[[Piroxicam]]
| |
| *[[Plerixafor]]
| |
| *[[Plicamycin]]
| |
| *[[Poliovirus]]
| |
| *[[Polyposis]]
| |
| *[[Polythiazide]]
| |
| *[[Porphyria]]
| |
| *[[Portal vein thrombosis]]
| |
| *[[Posaconazole]]
| |
| *[[abdominal surgery|Postileal resection]]
| |
| *[[sympathectomy|Postsympathectomy]]
| |
| *[[Vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
| |
| *[[Potassium citrate]]
| |
| *[[Pramipexole ]]
| |
| *[[Pramlintide]]
| |
| *[[Prazepam]]
| |
| *[[Praziquantel]]
| |
| *[[Prazosin]]
| |
| *[[Procainamide]]
| |
| *[[Procarbazine]]
| |
| *[[Proctitis]]
| |
| *[[Promethazine]]
| |
| *[[Propafenone]]
| |
| *[[Propranolol]]
| |
| *[[Prostaglandins]]
| |
| *[[Protein losing enteropathy]]
| |
| *[[Protriptyline ]]
| |
| *[[Pseudoephedrine]]
| |
| *[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
| |
| *[[Psittacosis]]
| |
| *[[Pyrantel pamoate]]
| |
| *[[Pyridostigmine]]
| |
| *[[Q fever]]
| |
| *[[Quinapril]]
| |
| *[[Quinidine]]
| |
| *[[Quinolones]]
| |
| *[[Quinupristin]]
| |
| *[[Rabeprazole ]]
| |
| *[[proctitis|Radiation proctitis]]
| |
| *[[Radiation sickness]]
| |
| *[[Radium chloride]]
| |
| *[[Raltitrexed]]
| |
| *[[Ramipril]]
| |
| *[[Ranitidine]]
| |
| *[[Rasagiline]]
| |
| *[[Rectal cancer]]
| |
| *[[Rectal prolapse surgery|Rectal surgery]]
| |
| *[[Refsum disease]]
| |
| *[[Reiter’s syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Repaglinide]]
| |
| *[[Reserpine]]
| |
| *[[Retapamulin]]
| |
| *[[Rhabditida]]
| |
| *[[Ribavirin]]
| |
| *[[Ricinoleic acid]]
| |
| *[[Ricin|Ricinus communis poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Rifabutin]]
| |
| *[[Rifampin ]]
| |
| *[[Rilmenidine]]
| |
| *[[Riluzole]]
| |
| *[[Risedronate]]
| |
| *[[Risperidone]]
| |
| *[[Ritonavir]]
| |
| *[[Rituximab]]
| |
| *[[Rivastigmine]]
| |
| *[[Rizatriptan]]
| |
| *[[Roflumilast]]
| |
| *[[Rotavirus]]
| |
| *[[Roundworm]]
| |
| *[[Salmonellosis]]
| |
| *[[Salsalate]]
| |
| *[[Sanfilippo syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Saquinavir mesylate]]
| |
| *[[Sarcocystis]]
| |
| *[[Sargramostim]]
| |
| *[[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Schistosomiasis]]
| |
| *[[Scombroid food poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Secernentea]]
| |
| *[[Selegiline]]
| |
| *[[selenium|Selenium toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Serotonin syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Sevelamer]]
| |
| *[[Severe combined immunodeficiency]]
| |
| *[[Shigellosis]]
| |
| *[[Short bowel syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Sildenafil]]
| |
| *[[Siltuximab]]
| |
| *[[Simethicone]]
| |
| *[[Simvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Sirolimus]]
| |
| *[[Sitagliptin]]
| |
| *[[Slone's disease]]
| |
| *[[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Small bowel lymphoma]]
| |
| *[[Sodium oxybate]]
| |
| *[[Sodium picosulfate]]
| |
| *[[Sodium polystyrene sulfonate ]]
| |
| *[[Sofosbuvir]]
| |
| *[[solanine|Solanine poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Solifenacin]]
| |
| *[[Somatostatinoma]]
| |
| *[[Sorafenib]]
| |
| *[[Sorbitol]]
| |
| *[[Sotalol]]
| |
| *[[Sparfloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Sphingolipidosis]]
| |
| *[[Spironolactone]]
| |
| *[[Stachybotrys chartarum]]
| |
| *[[Staphylococcal food poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Stavudine]]
| |
| *[[Streptobacillus]]
| |
| *[[Streptococcal infections]]
| |
| *[[Streptococcus suis]]
| |
| *[[Streptozocin]]
| |
| *[[Strongyloides]]
| |
| *[[Subacute thyroiditis]]
| |
| *[[Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Sucrose intolerance]]
| |
| *[[Sulfadiazine]]
| |
| *[[Sulfasalazine]]
| |
| *[[Sulfisoxazole]]
| |
| *[[Sulindac]]
| |
| *[[Sulphonamides]]
| |
| *[[Sumatriptan]]
| |
| *[[Sunitinib]]
| |
| *[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Tacrine]]
| |
| *[[Tacrolimus]]
| |
| *[[Tamsulosin]]
| |
| *[[Tapeworms]]
| |
| *[[TASB (psychedelics)]]
| |
| *[[Tegafur]]
| |
| *[[Tegaserod]]
| |
| *[[Telbivudine]]
| |
| *[[Telithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Telmisartan]]
| |
| *[[Temozolomide]]
| |
| *[[Teniposide]]
| |
| *[[Tenofovir]]
| |
| *[[Terbinafine]]
| |
| *[[Teriparatide]]
| |
| *[[Tetracyclines]]
| |
| *[[Tetrodotoxin]]
| |
| *[[Thallium]]
| |
| *[[Theophylline]]
| |
| *[[Thiabendazole]]
| |
| *[[Thioguanine]]
| |
| *[[Thioridazine]]
| |
| *[[Thiothixene]]
| |
| *[[Thymus cancer]]
| |
| *[[Thyroid carcinoma]]
| |
| *[[Thyroxine]]
| |
| *[[Ticlopidine]]
| |
| *[[Tigecycline]]
| |
| *[[Tiludronate]]
| |
| *[[Tipranavir]]
| |
| *[[Tocopherol]]
| |
| *[[Tolcapone]]
| |
| *[[Topiramate]]
| |
| *[[Topotecan]]
| |
| *[[Toxocara]]
| |
| *[[Toxoplasmosis]]
| |
| *[[Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide]]
| |
| *[[Tranexamic acid]]
| |
| *[[Tranylcypromine]]
| |
| *[[Trastuzumab]]
| |
| *[[Traveler's diarrhea]]
| |
| *[[Trazodone]]
| |
| *[[Trematoda]]
| |
| *[[Treprostinil]]
| |
| *[[Tretinoin]]
| |
| *[[Triamterene]]
| |
| *[[Triazolam]]
| |
| *[[Trichinella spiralis]]
| |
| *[[Trichinosis]]
| |
| *[[Trichuriasis]]
| |
| *[[Trifluoperazine]]
| |
| *[[Trihexyphenidyl]]
| |
| *[[Trimeprazine]]
| |
| *[[Trimethadione]]
| |
| *[[Trimethobenzamide]]
| |
| *[[Trimetrexate glucuronate]]
| |
| *[[Trimipramine]]
| |
| *[[Tropical sprue]]
| |
| *[[Trovafloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Tuberculosis]]
| |
| *[[Tularemia]]
| |
| *[[Turcot syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Typhoid fever]]
| |
| *[[Ulcerative colitis]]
| |
| *[[Urofollitropin]]
| |
| *[[Ursodeoxycholic acid]]
| |
| *[[Vaccination]]
| |
| *[[Valacyclovir]]
| |
| *[[Valganciclovir]]
| |
| *[[Valinemia]]
| |
| *[[Valproic acid]]
| |
| *[[Valsartan]]
| |
| *[[Vasculitis]]
| |
| *[[Vasculitis hypersensitivity]]
| |
| *[[Verapamil]]
| |
| *[[Vipoma|Verner-Morrison syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Vibrio cholerae]]
| |
| *[[Vibrio|Vibrio mimicus]]
| |
| *[[Vibrio parahemolyticus]]
| |
| *[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
| |
| *[[Vilazodone]]
| |
| *[[Villous adenoma]]
| |
| *[[Vinblastine]]
| |
| *[[Vinorelbine Tartrate|Vinorelbine tartrate]]
| |
| *[[Vipoma]]
| |
| *[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]
| |
| *[[Vitamin C toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Von Gierke disease]]
| |
| *[[Voriconazole]]
| |
| *[[Vorinostat]]
| |
| *[[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Weil syndrome]]
| |
| *[[West Nile fever]]
| |
| *[[Whipple's disease]]
| |
| *[[Whipworm Infection]]
| |
| *[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
| |
| *[[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]
| |
| *[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
| |
| *[[Zanamivir]]
| |
| *[[Zidovudine]]
| |
| *[[Zinc deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Ziprasidone ]]
| |
| *[[Zoledronic acid]]
| |
| *[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Zolmitriptan]]
| |
| *[[Zolpidem]]
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
| Line 2,433: |
Line 5: |
| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
|
| |
| [[Category:Primary care]]
| |
| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Needs overview]]
| |
| ==D/Ds==
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ==Differential Diagnosis of Diarrhea of other diseases==
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of diarrhea, click [[#Diarrhea|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, click [[Acute diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, click [[Chronic diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of traveler's diarrhea, click [[Traveler's diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea, click [[Acute watery diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute bloody diarrhea, click [[Acute bloody diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute fatty diarrhea, click [[Acute fatty diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic watery diarrhea, click [[Chronic watery diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic bloody diarrhea, click [[Chronic bloody diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic fatty diarrhea, click [[Chronic fatty diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and fever, click [[Acute diarrhea and fever differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and fever, click [[Chronic diarrhea and fever differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and abdominal pain, click [[Acute diarrhea and abdominal pain differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain, click [[Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and weight loss, click [[Acute diarrhea and weight loss differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, click [[Chronic diarrhea and weight loss differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain, click [[Acute diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain, click [[Chronic diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, click [[Acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| '''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, click [[Chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
| |
|
| |
| ===Diarrhea===
| |
| '''The following table outlines the major differential diagnoses of diarrhea.'''<ref name="Casburn-JonesFarthing2004">{{cite journal|last1=Casburn-Jones|first1=Anna C|last2=Farthing|first2=Michael Jg|title=Traveler's diarrhea|journal=Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology|volume=19|issue=6|year=2004|pages=610–618|issn=0815-9319|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1746.2003.03287.x}}</ref><ref name="KamatMathur2006">{{cite journal|last1=Kamat|first1=Deepak|last2=Mathur|first2=Ambika|title=Prevention and Management of Travelers’ Diarrhea|journal=Disease-a-Month|volume=52|issue=7|year=2006|pages=289–302|issn=00115029|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2006.08.003}}</ref><ref name="PfeifferDuPont2012">{{cite journal|last1=Pfeiffer|first1=Margaret L.|last2=DuPont|first2=Herbert L.|last3=Ochoa|first3=Theresa J.|title=The patient presenting with acute dysentery – A systematic review|journal=Journal of Infection|volume=64|issue=4|year=2012|pages=374–386|issn=01634453|doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2012.01.006}}</ref><ref name="pmid24506120">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barr W, Smith A |title=Acute diarrhea |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=180–9 |year=2014 |pmid=24506120 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29255768">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amil Dias J |title=Celiac Disease: What Do We Know in 2017? |journal=GE Port J Gastroenterol |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=275–278 |year=2017 |pmid=29255768 |doi=10.1159/000479881 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29254859">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM |title=Shigellosis |journal=Lancet |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=29254859 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33296-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Yamamoto-FurushoBosques-Padilla2017">{{cite journal|last1=Yamamoto-Furusho|first1=J.K.|last2=Bosques-Padilla|first2=F.|last3=de-Paula|first3=J.|last4=Galiano|first4=M.T.|last5=Ibañez|first5=P.|last6=Juliao|first6=F.|last7=Kotze|first7=P.G.|last8=Rocha|first8=J.L.|last9=Steinwurz|first9=F.|last10=Veitia|first10=G.|last11=Zaltman|first11=C.|title=Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: Primer Consenso Latinoamericano de la Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation|journal=Revista de Gastroenterología de México|volume=82|issue=1|year=2017|pages=46–84|issn=03750906|doi=10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.07.003}}</ref><ref name="BorbélyOsterwalder2017">{{cite journal|last1=Borbély|first1=Yves M|last2=Osterwalder|first2=Alice|last3=Kröll|first3=Dino|last4=Nett|first4=Philipp C|last5=Inglin|first5=Roman A|title=Diarrhea after bariatric procedures: Diagnosis and therapy|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=23|issue=26|year=2017|pages=4689|issn=1007-9327|doi=10.3748/wjg.v23.i26.4689}}</ref><ref name="CrawfordRamani2017">{{cite journal|last1=Crawford|first1=Sue E.|last2=Ramani|first2=Sasirekha|last3=Tate|first3=Jacqueline E.|last4=Parashar|first4=Umesh D.|last5=Svensson|first5=Lennart|last6=Hagbom|first6=Marie|last7=Franco|first7=Manuel A.|last8=Greenberg|first8=Harry B.|last9=O'Ryan|first9=Miguel|last10=Kang|first10=Gagandeep|last11=Desselberger|first11=Ulrich|last12=Estes|first12=Mary K.|title=Rotavirus infection|journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers|volume=3|year=2017|pages=17083|issn=2056-676X|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2017.83}}</ref><ref name="pmid11068510">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kist M |title=[Chronic diarrhea: value of microbiology in diagnosis] |language=German |journal=Praxis (Bern 1994) |volume=89 |issue=39 |pages=1559–65 |year=2000 |pmid=11068510 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4014291">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guerrant RL, Shields DS, Thorson SM, Schorling JB, Gröschel DH |title=Evaluation and diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=78 |issue=6B |pages=91–8 |year=1985 |pmid=4014291 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10575169">{{cite journal |vauthors=López-Vélez R, Turrientes MC, Garrón C, Montilla P, Navajas R, Fenoy S, del Aguila C |title=Microsporidiosis in travelers with diarrhea from the tropics |journal=J Travel Med |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=223–7 |year=1999 |pmid=10575169 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="WahnschaffeIgnatius2009">{{cite journal|last1=Wahnschaffe|first1=Ulrich|last2=Ignatius|first2=Ralf|last3=Loddenkemper|first3=Christoph|last4=Liesenfeld|first4=Oliver|last5=Muehlen|first5=Marion|last6=Jelinek|first6=Thomas|last7=Burchard|first7=Gerd Dieter|last8=Weinke|first8=Thomas|last9=Harms|first9=Gundel|last10=Stein|first10=Harald|last11=Zeitz|first11=Martin|last12=Ullrich|first12=Reiner|last13=Schneider|first13=Thomas|title=Diagnostic value of endoscopy for the diagnosis of giardiasis and other intestinal diseases in patients with persistent diarrhea from tropical or subtropical areas|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=42|issue=3|year=2009|pages=391–396|issn=0036-5521|doi=10.1080/00365520600881193}}</ref><ref name="pmid27765536">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mena Bares LM, Carmona Asenjo E, García Sánchez MV, Moreno Ortega E, Maza Muret FR, Guiote Moreno MV, Santos Bueno AM, Iglesias Flores E, Benítez Cantero JM, Vallejo Casas JA |title=75SeHCAT scan in bile acid malabsorption in chronic diarrhoea |journal=Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=37–47 |year=2017 |pmid=27765536 |doi=10.1016/j.remn.2016.08.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19365159">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gibson RJ, Stringer AM |title=Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea |journal=Curr Opin Support Palliat Care |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=31–5 |year=2009 |pmid=19365159 |doi=10.1097/SPC.0b013e32832531bb |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23384808">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abraham BP, Sellin JH |title=Drug-induced, factitious, & idiopathic diarrhoea |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=633–48 |year=2012 |pmid=23384808 |doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25692805">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reintam Blaser A, Deane AM, Fruhwald S |title=Diarrhoea in the critically ill |journal=Curr Opin Crit Care |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=142–53 |year=2015 |pmid=25692805 |doi=10.1097/MCC.0000000000000188 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17373914">{{cite journal |vauthors=McMahan ZH, DuPont HL |title=Review article: the history of acute infectious diarrhoea management--from poorly focused empiricism to fluid therapy and modern pharmacotherapy |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=759–69 |year=2007 |pmid=17373914 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03261.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23384801">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schiller LR |title=Definitions, pathophysiology, and evaluation of chronic diarrhoea |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=551–62 |year=2012 |pmid=23384801 |doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.011 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3523719">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giannella RA |title=Chronic diarrhea in travelers: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations |journal=Rev. Infect. Dis. |volume=8 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=S223–6 |year=1986 |pmid=3523719 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16151544">{{cite journal| author=Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR et al.| title=Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. | journal=Can J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 5A-36A | pmid=16151544 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16151544 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12135027">{{cite journal| author=Sauter GH, Moussavian AC, Meyer G, Steitz HO, Parhofer KG, Jüngst D| title=Bowel habits and bile acid malabsorption in the months after cholecystectomy. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2002 | volume= 97 | issue= 7 | pages= 1732-5 | pmid=12135027 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05779.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12135027 }}</ref><ref name="pmid1702075">{{cite journal| author=Maiuri L, Raia V, Potter J, Swallow D, Ho MW, Fiocca R et al.| title=Mosaic pattern of lactase expression by villous enterocytes in human adult-type hypolactasia. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1991 | volume= 100 | issue= 2 | pages= 359-69 | pmid=1702075 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1702075 }}</ref><ref name="pmid14439871">{{cite journal| author=RUBIN CE, BRANDBORG LL, PHELPS PC, TAYLOR HC| title=Studies of celiac disease. I. The apparent identical and specific nature of the duodenal and proximal jejunal lesion in celiac disease and idiopathic sprue. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1960 | volume= 38 | issue= | pages= 28-49 | pmid=14439871 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14439871 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8209928">{{cite journal| author=Konvolinka CW| title=Acute diverticulitis under age forty. | journal=Am J Surg | year= 1994 | volume= 167 | issue= 6 | pages= 562-5 | pmid=8209928 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8209928 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16698746">{{cite journal| author=Satsangi J, Silverberg MS, Vermeire S, Colombel JF| title=The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications. | journal=Gut | year= 2006 | volume= 55 | issue= 6 | pages= 749-53 | pmid=16698746 | doi=10.1136/gut.2005.082909 | pmc=1856208 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16698746 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12700377">{{cite journal| author=Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA| title=Amebiasis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 348 | issue= 16 | pages= 1565-73 | pmid=12700377 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra022710 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12700377 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8694025">{{cite journal| author=Hertzler SR, Savaiano DA| title=Colonic adaptation to daily lactose feeding in lactose maldigesters reduces lactose intolerance. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1996 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 232-6 | pmid=8694025 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8694025 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9414969">{{cite journal| author=Briet F, Pochart P, Marteau P, Flourie B, Arrigoni E, Rambaud JC| title=Improved clinical tolerance to chronic lactose ingestion in subjects with lactose intolerance: a placebo effect? | journal=Gut | year= 1997 | volume= 41 | issue= 5 | pages= 632-5 | pmid=9414969 | doi= | pmc=1891556 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9414969 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15391722">{{cite journal| author=BLACK-SCHAFFER B| title=The tinctoral demonstration of a glycoprotein in Whipple's disease. | journal=Proc Soc Exp Biol Med | year= 1949 | volume= 72 | issue= 1 | pages= 225-7 | pmid=15391722 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15391722 }} </ref>
| |
|
| |
| <span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' '''GI:''' [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]], '''CBC''': [[Complete blood count]], '''WBC:''' [[White blood cells|White blood cell]], '''RBC''': [[Red blood cell]], '''Plt:''' [[Platelet]], '''Hgb:''' [[Hemoglobin]], '''ESR''': [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''CRP''': [[C-reactive protein|C–reactive protein]], '''IgE:''' [[Immunoglobulin E]], '''IgA:''' [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''ETEC:''' [[Escherichia coli enteritis]], '''EPEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli]], '''EIEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli]], '''EHEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli]], '''EAEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli]], '''Nl''': Normal, '''ASCA''': [[Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies]], '''ANCA''': [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody|Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]], '''DNA''': [[DNA|Deoxyribonucleic acid]], '''CFTR''': [[Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]], '''SLC10A2''': [[SLC10A2|Solute carrier family 10 member 2]], '''SeHCAT''': [[SeHCAT|Selenium homocholic acid taurine or tauroselcholic acid]], '''IEL''': Intraepithelial [[Lymphocyte|lymphocytes]], '''MRCP''': [[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography]], '''ANA''': [[Antinuclear antibodies]], '''AMA''': [[Anti-mitochondrial antibody]], '''LDH''': [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], '''CPK''': [[Creatine phosphokinase]], '''PCR''': [[Polymerase chain reaction]], '''ELISA''': [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay]], '''LT''': Heat–labile [[enterotoxin]], ST: Heat–stable [[enterotoxin]], '''RT-PCR''': Reverse–transcriptase [[polymerase chain reaction]], '''CD4:''' [[CD4|Cluster of differentiation 4]], '''HIV''': [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|Human immunodeficiency virus]], '''RUQ''': [[RUQ|Right-upper quadrant]], '''VIP''': [[Vasoactive intestinal peptide]], '''GI:''' [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]], '''FAP''': [[Familial adenomatous polyposis]], '''HNPCC''': [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer]], '''MTP''': [[Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein]], '''Scl‑70''': Anti–[[Type I topoisomerase|topoisomerase I]], '''TSH''': [[Thyroid-stimulating hormone]], '''T4''': [[Thyroxine]], '''T3''': [[Triiodothyronine]], '''DTR''': [[Deep tendon reflex]], '''RNA''': [[RNA|Ribonucleic acid]]</span>
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="border: 0px; font-size: 100%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Categories
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| | colspan="9" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestation'''
| |
| ! colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Lab findings'''
| |
| ! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="8" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Symptoms
| |
| ! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| | colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''CBC'''
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="15" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gastrointestinal
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Crohns disease|Crohn's disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| * Oral [[mucosal]] lesions
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies]] (ASCA)
| |
| * [[Vitamin B12]] deficiency
| |
| * Elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
| |
| * Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Uveitis]]
| |
| * [[Arthritis]]
| |
| * [[Erythema nodosum]]
| |
| * [[Pyoderma gangrenosum]]
| |
| * [[Amyloidosis]]
| |
| * Venous and arterial [[thromboembolism]]
| |
| * [[Kidney stone|Renal stones]]
| |
| * [[Bronchiectasis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ulcerative colitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| * [[Blood]] on [[rectal examination]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody|Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]] ([[P-ANCA|P–ANCA]])
| |
| * [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| * [[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| * [[Hypomagnesemia]]
| |
| * Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
| |
| * Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Skin rash]]
| |
| * [[Iritis]]
| |
| * [[Uveitis]]
| |
| * Seronegative [[arthritis]]
| |
| * [[Clubbing]]
| |
| * [[Erythema nodosum]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Celiac disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| * Increased [[bowel]] sounds
| |
| * Oral [[Mucous membrane|mucosal]] lesions
| |
| * [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| |
| * [[Ascites]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[IgA]] endomysial [[antibody]]
| |
| * Anti–tissue [[transglutaminase]] [[antibody]]
| |
| * [[Anti-gliadin antibodies|Anti–gliadin antibody]]
| |
| * [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Malabsorption]]
| |
| * [[Dementia]]
| |
| * [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[HLA-DQ2|HLA–DQ2]]
| |
| * [[HLA-DQ8|HLA–DQ8]]
| |
| * Innate responses to wheat [[Protein|proteins]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[IgA]] endomysial [[antibody]]
| |
| * Anti–tissue [[transglutaminase]] [[antibody]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cystic fibrosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| |
| *[[Rectal prolapse]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Positive [[DNA]] analysis for [[CFTR|cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] [[CFTR|(CFTR)]]
| |
| * Nasal transepithelial potential difference
| |
| * [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Malabsorption]]
| |
| * Recurrent [[respiratory tract infection]]
| |
| * [[Bronchiectasis]]
| |
| * [[Diabetes mellitus]]
| |
| * [[Scoliosis]]
| |
| * [[Infertility]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Mutations in the [[cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] ([[CFTR]]) protein
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Positive [[genetic testing]]
| |
| * Elevated [[Sweat chloride test|sweat chloride]] ≥60 mmol/L
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
| |
| * Positive [[fecal elastase]] measurement
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Slightly elevated [[amylase]] and [[lipase]]
| |
| * Abnormal pancreatic function test
| |
| * [[Secretin]] stimulation test
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Malabsorption]]
| |
| * [[Diabetes mellitus]]
| |
| * [[Pancreatic pseudocyst]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Toxin|Toxins]]
| |
| * Recurrent [[acute pancreatitis]]
| |
| * [[Genetics|Genetic]] predesposition
| |
| * [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography]] ([[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography|MRCP]])
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Bile acid malabsorption]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Reduced [[cholesterol]] level
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Hypotension]]
| |
| *[[Tachycardia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Genetic defects in ''[[SLC10A2]]''
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[SeHCAT]] test
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Microscopic colitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| * Fecal [[incontinence]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| * Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| |
| * Positive [[autoantibodies]] include:
| |
| **RF
| |
| **[[ANA]]
| |
| **[[Anti-mitochondrial antibody|AMA]]
| |
| **[[ANCA]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Arthritis]]
| |
| * [[Uveitis]]
| |
| * [[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
| |
| * Pleuro [[pericarditis]]
| |
| * [[Hypothyroidism]]
| |
| * [[Psoriasis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Mucosal]] [[immune responses]] to luminal factors in a genetically predisposed individual
| |
| * Drug–induced
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Colonoscopy]] with [[mucosal]] [[biopsy]] with [[mononuclear]] infiltrates:
| |
| ** [[Collagenous colitis]] is characterized by a colonic subepithelial [[collagen]] band >10 micrometers in diameter
| |
| ** [[Lymphocytic]] [[colitis]] is characterized by ≥20 intraepithelial [[lymphocytes]] (IEL) per 100 surface epithelial cells
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infective colitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Rebound [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| *Positive fecal calprotectin
| |
| *Positive fecal [[lactoferrin]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| |
| *Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Arthritis]]
| |
| * [[Uveitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']]
| |
| *[[Shigella|''Shigella'']]
| |
| *[[Campylobacter|''Campylobacter'']]
| |
| *''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli 0157:H7]]''
| |
| *[[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]
| |
| *[[Entamoeba histolytica|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
| |
| *[[Adenoviridae|''Adenovirus'']]
| |
| *[[Cytomegalovirus|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
| |
| *[[Herpes simplex virus|''Herpes simplex virus'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| *[[Blood culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ischemic colitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Hyperactive then absent [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| |
| *[[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| |
| *Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
| |
| *Elevated serum [[Lactic acid|lactate]]
| |
| *Elevated [[lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]])
| |
| *Elevated [[Creatine kinase|creatine phosphokinase]] ([[Creatine kinase|CPK]])
| |
| *Elevated [[amylase]]
| |
| *[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Henoch-Schönlein purpura|IgA vasculitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Thrombophilia|Hypercoagulability]]
| |
| *Nonocclusive [[Ischemic colitis|colonic ischemia]]
| |
| *[[Embolism|Embolic]] and [[Thrombosis|thrombotic]] arterial occlusion
| |
| *[[Mesenteric vein thrombosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Abdominal [[Computed tomography|CT scan]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lactose intolerance]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal tenderness ]]
| |
| * [[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Lactose tolerance test
| |
| * Genetic testing
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Headache]]
| |
| * [[Vertigo]]
| |
| * [[Memory impairment]]
| |
| * [[Lethargy]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent [[lactase]]
| |
| * Congenital [[lactase deficiency]]
| |
| * Secondary lactose malabsorption
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Small bowel]] [[biopsy]]
| |
| * Lactose breath hydrogen test
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| * [[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| * Normal [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Anxiety]]
| |
| *[[Palpitation]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Unknown
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Diagnosis of exclusion
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="43" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Infection
| |
| ! rowspan="28" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bacterial
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Whipple's disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| |
| * [[Ascites]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Positive [[fecal fat]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓/↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| *[[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Malabsorption]]
| |
| * [[Ocular motility disorders|Abnormal extraocular movement]]
| |
| * [[Lymphadenopathy]]
| |
| * [[Hyperpigmentation]]
| |
| * [[Uveitis]]
| |
| * [[Endocarditis]]
| |
| * [[Encephalitis]]
| |
| * [[Dementia]]
| |
| * [[Pleural effusion]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Tropheryma whipplei|''Tropheryma whipplei'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Small intestine]] [[biopsy]] for [[Tropheryma whipplei]] testing
| |
| * [[PCR]] testing
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Tropical sprue]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Angular [[stomatitis]]
| |
| * Oral mucosal lesion
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
| |
| * [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
| |
| * [[Folate deficiency]]
| |
| * [[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Myalgia]]
| |
| *[[Neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Edema]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * ''[[Escherichia coli]]''
| |
| * ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]''
| |
| * ''[[Enterobacter cloacae]]''
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Diagnosis of exclusion
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|Small bowel bacterial overgrowth]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| *Positive [[fecal fat]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| * Abnormal [[Hydrogen Breath Test|hydrogen breath test]]
| |
| * [[Lactic acidosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Malabsorption]]
| |
| * [[Rosacea]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Excess bacteria in the [[small intestine]]
| |
| * Alterations in [[Intestine|intestinal]] [[anatomy]] or GI motility
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Diagnosis of exclusion
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Generalized [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| * [[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| * [[Rebound tenderness|Rebound abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay]] ([[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]])
| |
| * [[Polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) assay or ''[[Clostridium difficile infection|C. difficile]]'' antigen
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Elevated [[Creatinine|serum creatinine]]
| |
| * [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| * Elevated [[lactic acid]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Dehydration]]
| |
| * [[Acute kidney injury]]
| |
|
| |
| * [[Bacteremia]]
| |
| * [[Reactive arthritis]]
| |
| * [[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]
| |
| * Recent [[antibiotics]] use
| |
| * Recent [[surgery]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Stool examination|Stool exam]]
| |
| * Pseudomembranes on [[colonoscopy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Campylobacteriosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Toxic megacolon]]
| |
| *[[Sepsis]]
| |
| *[[Arthritis]]
| |
| *[[Endocarditis]]
| |
| *[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Campylobacter jejuni|''Campylobacter jejuni'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Salmonellosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| *[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| *Positive serologic testing
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypernatremia]]
| |
| *[[Hyponatremia]]
| |
| * [[Hypercalciuria]]
| |
| * [[Hypocitraturia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
| |
| * [[Obtundation]]
| |
| * [[Bacteremia]]
| |
| * [[Pericarditis]]
| |
| * [[Pyelonephritis]]
| |
| *[[Brain abscess]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Shigellosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| * Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| |
| * Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| |
| *Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
| |
| *[[Hyponatremia]]
| |
| * [[Hypoglycemia]]
| |
| * [[Azotemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Headache]]
| |
| * [[Lethargy]]
| |
| * [[Seizures]]
| |
| * [[Delirium]]
| |
| * [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
| |
| * [[Myocarditis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Shigella|''Shigella'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Escherichia coli enteritis]]
| |
| | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[ETEC|'''ETEC''']]
| |
| ([[Traveler's diarrhea]])
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli|''Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli'']]
| |
| *[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]:
| |
| **Heat–labile [[enterotoxin]] (LT)
| |
| **Heat–stable [[enterotoxin]] (ST)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EPEC|'''EPEC''']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *''[[Enteropathogenic E. coli]]''
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]] or [[polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) of the ''EPEC'' adherence factor
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EIEC|'''EIEC''']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroinvasive E. coli'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]]
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EHEC|'''EHEC''']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Azotemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] ([[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]])
| |
| *[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Enterohemorrhagic escherichica coli|''Enterohemorrhagic E. coli'']]
| |
| *[[Shiga toxin|Shiga toxins]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EAEC|'''EAEC''']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Chronic infection in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroaggregative E. coli'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| * Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| |
| * Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Bacteremia]]
| |
| *[[Reactive arthritis]]
| |
| *[[Glomerulonephritis]]
| |
| *[[Endocarditis]]
| |
| *[[Erythema nodosum]]
| |
| *[[Abscess]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Yersinia enterocolitica|''Yersinia enterocolitica'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Vibrio cholerae|Vibrio cholera]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Azotemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Severe [[dehydration]]
| |
| *Decreased [[Turgor|skin turgor]]
| |
| *[[Oliguria]]
| |
| *[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
| |
| *[[Cramp|Muscle cramps]]
| |
| *[[Seizure]]
| |
| *[[Somnolence]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Cholera toxin]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Aeromonas]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| * Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| |
| * Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Wound [[infection]]
| |
| *[[Bacteremia]]
| |
| *[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Meningitis]]
| |
| *[[Ocular]] infection
| |
| *[[Pneumonia]]
| |
| *[[Urinary tract infection]]
| |
| *[[Osteomyelitis]]
| |
| *[[Peritonitis]]
| |
| *[[Acute cholecystitis]]
| |
| *[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *''[[Aeromonas]]'' virulence factors including [[Endotoxin|endotoxins]], [[Hemolysin|hemolysins]], [[Enterotoxin|enterotoxins]], and adherence factors
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Blood culture]]
| |
| *Wound [[Culture collection|culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|Plesiomonas]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| * Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| |
| * Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients or [[Hepato-biliary diseases|hepatobiliary disease]]
| |
| *[[Bacteremia]]
| |
| *[[Cellulitis]] and [[Skin and soft-tissue infections|skin abscesses]]
| |
| *[[Peritonitis]]
| |
| *[[Meningoencephalitis]]
| |
| *[[Ocular]] [[infection]]
| |
| *[[Pneumonia]]
| |
| *[[Prosthetic devices|Prosthetic]] joint [[infection]]
| |
| *Septic [[Pregnancy termination complications|abortion]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|''Plesiomonas shigelloides'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Blood culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mycobacterium avium complex]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated [[Liver function tests|liver enzymes]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Opportunistic infection]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
| |
| *[[Pulmonary]] [[infection]]
| |
| *[[Lymphadenopathy|Adenopathy]]
| |
| *[[Sleep hyperhidrosis|Night sweats]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Mycobacterium avium complex|''Mycobacterium avium complex'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Blood culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Foodborne illness|Food poisoning]]
| |
| * [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| |
| * [[Bacillus cereus]]
| |
| * [[Clostridium perfringens]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[stool culture]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *History of travel or ingestion of infected food
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Stool culture]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="8" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Virus
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Norovirus]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive stool reverse–transcriptase [[polymerase chain reaction]] (RT–PCR)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Myalgia]]
| |
| *[[Headache]]
| |
| *[[Seizure]]
| |
| *[[Encephalopathy]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Norovirus|''Norovirus'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rotavirus]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| * Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| |
| * Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated [[blood urea nitrogen]]
| |
| *[[Hyperchloremic acidosis]]
| |
| *[[Hypocalcemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
| |
| *[[Intussusception]]
| |
| *[[Biliary atresia]]
| |
| *[[Central nervous system]] involvement
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Rotavirus|''Rotavirus'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Stool immune–based assays
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Echovirus]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Hepatic failure|Liver failure]]
| |
| *[[Myocarditis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Echovirus|''Echovirus'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Viral antigen assay
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Respiratory disease]]
| |
| *[[Hyperkeratosis|Follicular]] [[conjunctivitis]]
| |
| *Epidemic [[keratoconjunctivitis]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis]]
| |
| *[[Urethritis]]
| |
| *[[Myocarditis]]
| |
| *[[Meningitis]]
| |
| *[[Bacteremia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Adenoviridae|''Adenovirus'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[CMV colitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Viral antigen assay
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Decreased [[CD4]] level
| |
| *Abnormal [[Liver function tests|liver function test]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Encephalitis]]
| |
| *[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Pneumonia]]
| |
| *[[Retinitis]]
| |
| *[[Pericarditis]] and [[myocarditis]]
| |
| *[[Atherosclerosis]]
| |
| *[[Venous thromboembolism|Venous thrombosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Cytomegalovirus|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Quantitative polymerase chain reaction|Quantitative PCR]] tests
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Decreased [[CD4]] level
| |
| *[[Electrolyte disturbance|Electrolyte imbalance]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Lymphadenopathy]]
| |
| *Disseminated [[infection]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|''HIV'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *HIV virologic (viral load) test
| |
| *Immunoassay
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="7" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Parasite
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Liver abscess]]
| |
| *Pleuropulmonary infection
| |
| *[[Cardiac]] [[infection]]
| |
| *[[Brain abscess]]
| |
| *[[Skin and soft-tissue infections|Cutaneous infection]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Entamoeba histolytica|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Antigen testing
| |
| *Serology
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Giardia lamblia|Giardia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Urticaria]]
| |
| *[[Depression]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *''[[Giardia lamblia]]''
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Antigen detection assays
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cryptosporidium]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive stool microscopy
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated [[alkaline phosphatase]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Chronic, life–threatening illness in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Cryptosporidium|''Cryptosporidium'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Polymerase chain reaction
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Microsporidia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive stool microscopy
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Decreased [[CD4]] count
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Keratitis]]
| |
| *[[Seizure]]
| |
| *[[Myositis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Microsporidia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Antigen detection assays
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Isospora]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive stool microscopy
| |
| *Positive [[fecal fat]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated [[Eosinophil granulocyte|eosinophils]]
| |
| *[[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| *Increased [[creatinine]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Chronic illness in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Isospora|''Isospora'']]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Detecting oocysts in the feces
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Tumors
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumor]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated urinary [[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid|5–hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] ([[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid|5–HIAA]]) level
| |
| *High [[chromogranin A]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Flushing|Facial flushing]]
| |
| *[[Jaundice]]
| |
| *[[Edema]]
| |
| *[[Valvular heart disease]]
| |
| *[[Congestive heart failure|Right–sided heart failure]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Well–differentiated [[Neuroendocrine tumors|neuroendocrine tumor]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Blood [[chromogranin A]] level
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[VIPoma]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| * Abdominal [[RUQ]] [[tenderness]]
| |
| * [[Nausea]]
| |
| * [[Vomiting]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated [[VIP]] level
| |
| *[[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypochlorhydria]] or [[achlorhydria]]
| |
| *Low osmotic gap (<50 mOsm/kg)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Rash]]
| |
| * [[Facial flushing]]
| |
| * [[Dehydration]]
| |
| * [[Lethargy]]
| |
| * [[Muscle weakness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Primary secretory tumor
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Blood [[VIP]] levels
| |
| * Followed by imaging
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome|Zollinger–Ellison syndrome]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| ** [[Tenderness|Epigastric tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Positive [[secretin]] stimulation test
| |
| * Elevated serum [[chromogranin A]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| ** [[Jaundice]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Gastrin]] producing [[tumor]] mainly in [[duodenum]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Secretin]] stimulation test
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Neuroendocrine tumors|Somatostatinoma]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| ** [[Tenderness|Epigastric tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated fasting plasma [[somatostatin]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| ** [[Diabetes mellitus]]
| |
| ** [[Gallstone disease|Cholelithiasis]]
| |
| ** [[Jaundice]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Neuroendocrine tumors]] of D–cell origin
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Plasma [[somatostatin]] level
| |
| *Followed by imaging
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lymphoma]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| *[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Paraproteinemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Malabsorption]]
| |
| * [[Lactose intolerance]]
| |
| * [[Ascites]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Primary [[tumor]] of GI tract
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Colorectal cancer]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Positive [[carcinoembryonic antigen]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Metastasis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[FAP|FAP gene]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|HNPCC gene]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| ** [[Colonoscopy]] and [[biopsy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="7" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Medication/Toxicity
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medications
| |
| * [[ACE inhibitor|ACE inhibitors]]
| |
| * [[Digoxin]]
| |
| * [[Cephalosporin|Cephalosporins]]
| |
| * [[Statins]]
| |
| * [[Thiazide|Thiazide diuretics]]
| |
| * [[Triptans]]
| |
| * [[Lactulose]]
| |
| * [[HIV AIDS medical therapy|Anti retroviral agents]]
| |
| * [[Chemotherapy|Chemotherapeutic agents]]
| |
| * [[Antifungal drug|Antifungals]]
| |
| * [[Magnesium]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| *[[Dehydration]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated plasma level of drug
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Inflammation]]
| |
| *[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis|Pseudomembranous colitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Factitious diarrhea
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| *[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
| |
| *[[Hypermagnesemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Lethargy]]
| |
| *[[Generalized weakness]]
| |
| *[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal failure]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Medication|Medications]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal distention]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated plasma heavy metal level
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Headache]]
| |
| *[[Paresthesia|Numbness]]
| |
| *[[Alopecia]]
| |
| *[[Vertigo]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Plasma level of heavy metal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Saliva|Salivation]]
| |
| *[[Nausea and vomiting|Vomiting]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Reduced RBC acetylcholinesterase
| |
| *Plasma [[cholinesterase]] activity
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Dysautonomia|Autonomic dysfunction]]
| |
| *Motor deficit
| |
| *Sensory deficit
| |
| *[[Bronchospasm]]
| |
| *[[Urination]]
| |
| *[[Miosis]]
| |
| *[[Bradycardia]]
| |
| *[[Lacrimation]]
| |
| *[[Sweating]]
| |
| *[[Cardiac arrhythmia|Cardiac arrhythmias]]
| |
| *[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal injury]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Neurotoxin|Neurotoxins]] bind to [[ACHE|acetylcholinesterase]] (AChE)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Opium withdrawal]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Azotemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| *[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Dysphoria]]
| |
| *[[Agitation (emotion)|Restlessness]]
| |
| *[[Perspiration|Sweating]]
| |
| *[[Rhinorrhea]]
| |
| *[[Tears|Lacrimation]]
| |
| *[[Myalgia]]
| |
| *[[Arthralgia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Opium|Opium withdrawal]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical diagnosis following [[opium withdrawal]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Iatrogenic
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Short bowel syndrome]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| |
| * [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[fecal fat]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↑
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| * High level of [[Acute phase protein|acute phase reactant]]
| |
| * Abnormal [[liver function tests]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Prior [[Intestine|intestinal]] surgery
| |
| * [[Malabsorption]]
| |
| * [[Crohn's disease]]
| |
| * [[Cancer|Malignancy]]
| |
| * Peripheral [[edema]]
| |
| * [[Muscle atrophy]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Surgical [[bowel resection]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical diagnosis following [[bowel resection]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Radiation enteropathy|Radiation enteritis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| * [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[fecal fat]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Vitamin B12 deficiency
| |
| *[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Prior history of [[Cancer|malignancy]] and [[radiation therapy]]
| |
| *[[Malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Telangiectasia|Telangiectasias]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Segmental bowel [[inflammation]] on [[endoscopy]] or [[colonoscopy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastric dumping syndrome|Dumping syndrome]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *Hyperactive [[bowel sound]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Hypoglycemia]]
| |
| * [[Hydrogen Breath Test|Hydrogen breath test]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Malnutrition]]
| |
| *[[Fat soluble vitamins|Fat soluble vitamin]] deficiency
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Post operative complications|Postgastrectomy]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical diagnosis following [[gastrectomy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="6" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Others
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
| |
| ! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal distension]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Low [[triglyceride]]
| |
| * Low total [[cholesterol]] levels
| |
| * [[Acanthocytes]]
| |
| * Low [[vitamin E]] levels
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Ataxia]]
| |
| * [[Visual field defect]]
| |
| * [[Dysarthria]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Autosomal recessive]] disorder caused by mutations encoding the [[microsomal triglyceride transfer protein]] (MTP)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Clinical findings and low [[triglyceride]] and [[cholesterol]] level
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hyperthyroidism]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[fecal fat]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Elevated [[T4]]
| |
| * Elevated [[T3]]
| |
| * Decreased [[TSH]]
| |
| * High serum [[alkaline phosphatase]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Lump in the neck
| |
| * Lid lag
| |
| * [[Malabsorption]]
| |
| * [[Sweating]]
| |
| * [[Hyperpigmentation]]
| |
| * [[Proptosis]]
| |
| * [[Tremor]]
| |
| * Increased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Graves' disease]]
| |
| * [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]
| |
| * [[Toxic adenoma]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[TSH]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Fecal incontinence]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[fecal fat]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Hyperglycemia]]
| |
| *[[Azotemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Malabsorption]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Unclear
| |
| *Disordered [[motility]]
| |
| *Increased [[Intestine|intestinal]] secretion
| |
| *[[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical diagnosis in a patient with long lasting [[diabetes mellitus]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scleroderma|Systemic sclerosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal pain|Epigastric tenderness]]
| |
| *[[Fecal incontinence]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Positive [[fecal fat]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Anti–[[Type I topoisomerase|topoisomerase I]] (Scl‑70) antibodies
| |
| * [[Antinuclear antibodies]] ([[Antinuclear antibodies|ANA]])
| |
| * [[Anti-centromere antibodies|Anti–centromere antibodies]]
| |
| * Anti–[[RNA polymerase III]] antibody
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Skin changes]]
| |
| *[[Raynaud's phenomenon|Raynaud phenomenon]]
| |
| *[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Arthritis]]
| |
| *[[Telangiectasia]]
| |
| *[[Chronic renal failure]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *[[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune reaction]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Clinical diagnosis
| |
| *Followed by serologic tests
| |
| |- }
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
|
| |
|
| == Risk Factors ==
| | |
| * Antibiotic use
| |
| * High-risk sexual behavior (STDs)
| |
| * Immunosuppression
| |
| * Recent travel to endemic area
| |
| ===Pathophysiology prev=== | | ===Pathophysiology prev=== |
| <div style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> | | <div style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> |
| Line 4,955: |
Line 21: |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} |
|
| |
|
| == Risk Factors ==
| | |
| * Antibiotic use
| |
| * High-risk sexual behavior (STDs)
| |
| * Immunosuppression
| |
| * Recent travel to endemic area
| |
| ===Pathophysiology prev=== | | ===Pathophysiology prev=== |
| <div style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> | | <div style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> |
| Line 4,970: |
Line 32: |
| {{Cirrhosis}} | | {{Cirrhosis}} |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} |
|
| |
| == Risk Factors ==
| |
| * Antibiotic use
| |
| * High-risk sexual behavior (STDs)
| |
| * Immunosuppression
| |
| * Recent travel to endemic area
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| == History and Symptoms == | | == History and Symptoms == |
| Line 4,986: |
Line 41: |
| ** Immune status | | ** Immune status |
| ** Woodland exposure | | ** Woodland exposure |
| == Laboratory Findings ==
| |
|
| |
| * [[Complete blood count]] ([[CBC]])
| |
| * [[Glucose]]
| |
| * [[White blood cells]] ([[WBC]])
| |
| * [[Urinalysis]]
| |
| * [[Calcium]]
| |
| * [[Thyroid stimulating hormone]] ([[TSH]])
| |
| * [[Liver function tests]] ([[LFT]]s)
| |
| * [[Blood urea nitrogen]] ([[BUN]]) / [[creatinine]]
| |
| * [[Hepatitis]] serologies
| |
| * Stool examinations:
| |
| ** Stool cultures
| |
| ** Stool [[electrolyte]]s
| |
| ** Stool osmolality
| |
| ** Ova and parasites
| |
| ** Fecal [[lactoferrin]]
| |
| ** Fecal [[leukocyte]]s
| |
| ** Test for ''[[C. difficile]]''
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ====Endoscopic Examination and Mucosal Biopsy====
| |
| =====Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy=====
| |
| * A strong history and complete examination determine which scopes to be used and chronic conditions like [[melanosis coli]], ulceration, polyps, tumors, [[Crohn's disease]], [[ulcerative colitis]], and [[amebiasis]] can be diagnosed by inspection of the colonic mucosa.
| |
| * Diseases such as [[microscopic colitis]] (lymphocytic and collagenous colitis), [[amyloidosis]], [[Whipple's disease]], granulomatous infections, and [[schistosomiasis]], where the mucosa appears normal need mucosal biopsy and can be diagnosed histologically.
| |
|
| |
| =====Upper Tract Endoscopy=====
| |
| * The presence of steatorrhea makes a small intestinal malabsorptive disorder to be the likely etiology and an endoscope that allows specimens to be obtained from the proximal and distal duodenum and/or proximal jejunum would be the best investigation of choice.
| |
| * Crohn's disease, [[giardiasis]], celiac sprue, [[lymphoma|intestinal lymphoma]], eosinophilic gastroenteritis, hypogammaglobulinemic sprue, Whipple's disease, [[lymphangiectasia]], [[abetalipoproteinemia]], amyloidosis, [[mastocytosis]], and various mycobacterial, fungal, protozoal, and parasitic infections can be diagnosed through upper GI scopy and biopsy.
| |
| * An aspirate of small intestinal contents can be sent for quantitative aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture if bacterial overgrowth is suspected and for microscopic examination for parasites.
| |
|
| |
| ====Tests for Bacterial Overgrowth====
| |
| * The gold standard for diagnosis of [[bacterial overgrowth]] has been quantitative culture of an aspirate of luminal fluid and specifically a positive jejunal culture (>106 organisms/mL) in chronic diarrhea patients can be considered evidence of clinically significant bacterial overgrowth in the upper small intestine.<ref name="pmid24095975">{{cite journal| author=Saad RJ, Chey WD| title=Breath Testing for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: Maximizing Test Accuracy. | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=24095975 | doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.055 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24095975 }} </ref>
| |
|
| |
| * A breath test using [14C] glycocholate is used to test bacterial overgrowth. The radiolabeled conjugated [[bile acid]] is deconjugated by the bacteria, and the 14C in the side chain is metabolized to 14CO2, which is exhaled.
| |
|
| |
| *Another 14C-breath test using [14C] [[xylose]], nonradioactive glucose and nonradioactive [[lactulose]] have been developed to test bacterial overgrowth.<ref name="pmid2295385">{{cite journal| author=Corazza GR, Menozzi MG, Strocchi A, Rasciti L, Vaira D, Lecchini R et al.| title=The diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth. Reliability of jejunal culture and inadequacy of breath hydrogen testing. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1990 | volume= 98 | issue= 2 | pages= 302-9 | pmid=2295385 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2295385 }} </ref>
| |
|
| |
| * An elevated concentration of hydrogen in breath after overnight fasting also has been proposed as an insensitive but specific marker of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. This elevated hydrogen concentration may also be seen in patients with malabsorption syndrome.
| |
|
| |
| * An abnormal [[Schilling test|Schilling II test]] result (radiolabeled B12 given with intrinsic factor) that normalizes after therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics has also been considered as a test for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (the so-called Schilling III test).<ref name="pmid5762651">{{cite journal| author=| title=Schilling test of vitamin B12 absorption. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1969 | volume= 1 | issue= 5639 | pages= 300-1 | pmid=5762651 | doi= | pmc=PMC1982167 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5762651 }} </ref>
| |
|
| |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
| Line 5,033: |
Line 46: |
| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
|
| |
| [[Category:Primary care]]
| |
| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Needs overview]]
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Other Imaging Findings== | | ==Other Imaging Findings== |
| Line 5,055: |
Line 63: |
|
| |
|
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
|
| |
| ==Medical Therapy==
| |
| * Fluid resuscitation (oral, if not IV)
| |
| * Patients should be advised to do the following until symptoms subside:
| |
| ** Hydrate with liquids that are [[caffeine]] free and contain [[glucose]]
| |
| ** Avoid [[lactose]]
| |
| ** Chew gum that is free of [[sorbitol]]
| |
| ** Eat raw fruit
| |
| * For patients with [[lactose intolerance]], a lactose-free diet is advised
| |
| * For patients with malabsorption diseases, a gluten free diet is advised
| |
| * Consultation with [[oncology]], surgery and/or gastroenterology may be required for intestinal [[neoplasm]]
| |
| * Control blood sugar ([[diabetic neuropathy]])
| |
|
| |
| ===Empirical Therapy===
| |
| Empirical therapy is used as an initial treatment before diagnostic testing or after diagnostic testing has failed to confirm a diagnosis or when there is no specific treatment or when specific treatment fails to effect a cure.
| |
|
| |
| * Empirical trials of antimicrobial therapy like [[metronidazole]] for protozoal diarrhea or [[fluoroquinolone]] for enteric bacterial diarrhea if the prevalence of bacterial or protozoal infection is high in a specific community or situation.
| |
|
| |
| * Most cases of diarrhea, except for high-volume secretory states, respond to a sufficiently high dose of [[opium]] or [[morphine]]. [[Codeine]], synthetic opioids [[diphenoxylate]] and [[loperamide]] are less potent. However loperamide is generally used because of its less abuse potential.
| |
|
| |
| * The somatostatin analogue [[octreotide]] has proven effectiveness in [[carcinoid tumors]] and other peptide-secreting tumors, dumping syndrome, and chemotherapy-induced diarrhea.
| |
|
| |
| * Intraluminal agents include adsorbants, such as activated charcoal, and binding resins like [[bismuth]] and stool modifiers, such as medicinal fiber.
| |
|
| |
| ===Pharmacotherapy===
| |
| * [[Antibiotics]] (malabsorption diseases)
| |
| * [[Anticholinergics]] (IBS)
| |
| * Antimolality agents
| |
| * Antibiotic therapy (severe disease)
| |
| * [[Metoclopramide]] (diabetic neuropathy)
| |
| * Nonspecific antidiarrheal agents
| |
|
| |
| ===Symptomatic Treatment===
| |
| * Symptomatic treatment for diarrhea involves the patient consuming adequate amounts of water to replace that loss, preferably mixed with [[electrolyte]]s to provide essential [[salt]]s and some amount of [[nutrient]]s. For many people, further treatment is unnecessary.
| |
| * The following types of diarrhea indicate medical supervision is required:
| |
| ** Diarrhea in infants;
| |
| ** Moderate or severe diarrhea in young children;
| |
| ** Diarrhea associated with [[blood]];
| |
| ** Diarrhea that continues for more than two weeks;
| |
| ** Diarrhea that is associated with more general illness such as non-cramping [[abdominal pain]], [[fever]], [[weight loss]], etc;
| |
| ** [[Traveler's diarrhea|Diarrhea in travelers]], since they are more likely to have exotic infections such as parasites;
| |
| ** Diarrhea in food handlers, because of the potential to infect others;
| |
| ** Diarrhea in institutions such as hospitals, child care centers, or geriatric and convalescent homes.
| |
|
| |
| A severity score is used to aid diagnosis.<ref name="pmid2371542">{{cite journal |author=Ruuska T, Vesikari T |title=Rotavirus disease in Finnish children: use of numerical scores for clinical severity of diarrhoeal episodes |journal=Scand. J. Infect. Dis. |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=259–67 |year=1990 |pmid=2371542 |doi=}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| ===Pathogen Specific===
| |
| ====Immunocompetent====
| |
| *'''Bacterial''' <ref name="pmid11170940">{{cite journal| author=Guerrant RL, Van Gilder T, Steiner TS, Thielman NM, Slutsker L, Tauxe RV et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2001 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 331-51 | pmid=11170940 | doi=10.1086/318514 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11170940 }} </ref>
| |
|
| |
| :* '''1. Shigella species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (1):
| |
| :::*Adult dose: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively bid for 3 days (if susceptible ) {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[Ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[Norfloxacin]], {{or}} 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 3 days)
| |
| :::*Pediatric dose: [[TMP-SMZ]], 5 and 25 mg/kg, respectively bid for 3 days
| |
|
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (2):
| |
| :::*Adult dose: [[Nalidixic acid]] 1 g/d for 5 days {{or}} [[Ceftriaxone]]; [[Azithromycin]]
| |
| :::*Pediatric dose: [[Nalidixic acid]], 55 mg/kg/d for 5 days
| |
|
| |
| :*'''2. Non-typhi species of Salmonella'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: Not recommended routinely, but if severe or patient is younger than 6 monthes or older than 50 year old or has prostheses, valvular heart disease, severe atherosclerosis, malignancy, or uremia, [[TMP-SMZ]] (if susceptible) {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]], bid for 5 to 7 days; [[Ceftriaxone]], 100 mg/kg/d in 1 or 2 divided doses
| |
|
| |
| :*'''3. Campylobacter species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[Erythromycin]] 500 mg bid for 5 days
| |
|
| |
| :*'''4. Escherichia coli species'''
| |
| ::*'''4.1. Enterotoxigenic'''
| |
| :::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid, for 3 days (if susceptible), {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[Ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[Norfloxacin]], or 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 3 days)
| |
|
| |
| ::*'''4.2. Enteropathogenic'''
| |
| :::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid, for 3 days (if susceptible), {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[Ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[Norfloxacin]], or 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 3 days)
| |
|
| |
| ::*'''4.3. Enteroinvasive'''
| |
| :::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid, for 3 days (if susceptible), {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[Ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[Norfloxacin]], or 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 3 days)
| |
|
| |
| ::*'''4.4. Enterohemorrhagic'''
| |
| :::*Preferred regimen: Avoid antimotility drugs; role of antibiotics unclear, and administration should be avoided.
| |
|
| |
| :*'''5. Aeromonas/Plesiomonas'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid for 3 days (if susceptible), [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[Ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[Norfloxacin]], or 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 3 days)
| |
|
| |
| :*'''6. Yersinia species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: Antibiotics are not usually required; [[Deferoxamine]] therapy should be withheld; for severe infections or associated bacteremia treat as for immunocompromised hosts, using combination therapy with [[Doxycycline]], [[Aminoglycoside]], [[TMP-SMZ]], {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]]
| |
|
| |
| :*'''7. Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (1): [[Doxycycline]] 300-mg single dose
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (2): [[Tetracycline]] 500 mg qid for 3 days
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (3): [[TMP-SMZ]] 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid for 3 days
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (4): single-dose [[Fluoroquinolone]]
| |
|
| |
| :*'''8. Toxigenic Clostridium difficile'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: Offending antibiotic should be withdrawn if possible; [[Metronidazole]], 250 mg qid to 500 mg tid for 3 to 10 days
| |
|
| |
| *'''Parasites''' <ref name="pmid11170940">{{cite journal| author=Guerrant RL, Van Gilder T, Steiner TS, Thielman NM, Slutsker L, Tauxe RV et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2001 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 331-51 | pmid=11170940 | doi=10.1086/318514 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11170940 }} </ref>
| |
| :*'''1. Giardia'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[Metronidazole]] 250-750 mg tid for 7-10 days
| |
|
| |
| :*'''2. Cryptosporidium species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: If severe, consider [[Paromomycin]], 500 mg tid for 7 days
| |
|
| |
| :*'''3. Isospora species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid for 7 to 10 days
| |
|
| |
| :*'''4. Cyclospora species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP/SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid for 7 days
| |
|
| |
| :*'''5. Microsporidium species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: Not determined
| |
|
| |
| :*'''6. Entamoeba histolytica'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (1): [[Metronidazole]] 750 mg tid for 5 to 10 days {{and}} [[Diiodohydroxyquinoline|Diiodohydroxyquin]] 650 mg tid for 20 days
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (2): [[Metronidazole]] 750 mg tid for 5 to 10 days {{and}} [[Paromomycin]] 500 mg tid for 7 days
| |
|
| |
| ====Immunocompromised====
| |
| *'''Bacterial''' <ref name="pmid11170940">{{cite journal| author=Guerrant RL, Van Gilder T, Steiner TS, Thielman NM, Slutsker L, Tauxe RV et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2001 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 331-51 | pmid=11170940 | doi=10.1086/318514 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11170940 }} </ref>
| |
| :* '''1. Shigella species:'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (1):
| |
| :::*Adult dose: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively bid for 7 to 10 days (if susceptible ) {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[Ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[Norfloxacin]], {{or}} 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 7 to 10 days)
| |
| :::*Pediatric dose:[[TMP-SMZ]], 5 and 25 mg/kg, respectively bid for 7 to 10 days
| |
|
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen (2):
| |
| :::*Adult dose: [[Nalidixic acid]] 1 g/d for 7 to 10 days {{or}} [[Ceftriaxone]]; [[Azithromycin]]
| |
| :::*Pediatric dose: [[Nalidixic acid]], 55 mg/kg/d for 7 to 10 days
| |
|
| |
| :*'''2. Non-typhi species of Salmonella'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: Not recommended routinely, but if severe or patient is younger than 6 monthes or older than 50 old or has prostheses, valvular heart disease, severe atherosclerosis, malignancy, or uremia, [[TMP-SMZ]] (if susceptible) {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]], bid for 14 days (or longer if relapsing); [[ceftriaxone]], 100 mg/kg/d in 1 or 2 divided doses
| |
|
| |
| :*'''3. Campylobacter species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[Erythromycin]], 500 mg bid for 5 days (may require prolonged treatment)
| |
|
| |
| :*'''4. Escherichia coli species'''
| |
| ::*'''4.1. Enterotoxigenic'''
| |
| :::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid for 3 days (if susceptible), {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[Ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[Norfloxacin]], or 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 3 days) (Consider fluoroquinolone as for enterotoxigenic E. coli)
| |
|
| |
| ::*'''4.2. Enteropathogenic'''
| |
| :::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid,for 3 days (if susceptible), {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[Ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[Norfloxacin]], or 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 3 days)
| |
|
| |
| ::*'''4.3. Enteroinvasive'''
| |
| :::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid,for 3 days (if susceptible), {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[Ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[Norfloxacin]], or 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 3 days)
| |
|
| |
| ::*'''4.4. Enterohemorrhagic'''
| |
| :::*Preferred regimen: Avoid antimotility drugs; role of antibiotics unclear, and administration should be avoided.
| |
|
| |
| :*'''5. Aeromonas/Plesiomonas'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid for 3 days (if susceptible), [[Fluoroquinolone]] (e.g., 300 mg [[ofloxacin]], 400 mg [[norfloxacin]], or 500 mg [[Ciprofloxacin]] bid for 3 days)
| |
|
| |
| :*'''6. Yersinia species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[Doxycycline]], [[Aminoglycoside]] (in combination) or [[TMP-SMZ]] or [[Fluoroquinolone]]
| |
|
| |
| :*'''7. Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[Doxycycline]], 300-mg single dose; or [[Tetracycline]], 500 mg qid for 3 days; or [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, bid for 3 days; or single-dose [[Fluoroquinolone]]
| |
|
| |
| :*'''8. Toxigenic Clostridium difficile'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: Offending antibiotic should be withdrawn if possible; [[Metronidazole]], 250 mg qid to 500 mg tid for 3 to 10 days
| |
|
| |
| *'''Parasites''' <ref name="pmid11170940">{{cite journal| author=Guerrant RL, Van Gilder T, Steiner TS, Thielman NM, Slutsker L, Tauxe RV et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2001 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 331-51 | pmid=11170940 | doi=10.1086/318514 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11170940 }} </ref>
| |
| :*'''1. Giardia'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[Metronidazole]], 250-750 mg tid for 7-10 days
| |
|
| |
| :*'''2. Cryptosporidium species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[Paromomycin]], 500 mg tid for 14 to 28 days, then bid if needed; highly active antiretroviral therapy including a protease inhibitor is warranted for patients with AIDS
| |
|
| |
| :*'''3. Isospora species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, qid for 10 days, followed by [[TMP-SMZ]] thrice weekly, or weekly [[Sulfadoxine]] (500 mg) and [[Pyrimethamine]] (25 mg) indefinitely for patients with AIDS
| |
|
| |
| :*'''4. Cyclospora species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[TMP-SMZ]], 160 and 800 mg, respectively, qid for 10 days, followed by [[TMP-SMZ]] thrice weekly indefinitely
| |
|
| |
| :*'''5. Microsporidium species'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[Albendazole]], 400 mg bid for 3 weeks; highly active antiretroviral therapy including a protease inhibitor is warranted for patients with AIDS
| |
|
| |
| :*'''6. Entamoeba histolytica'''
| |
| ::*Preferred regimen: [[Metronidazole]], 750 mg tid for 5 to 10 days, plus either [[Diiodohydroxyquinoline|Diiodohydroxyquin]], 650 mg tid for 20 days, or [[Paromomycin]], 500 mg tid for 7 days
| |
|
| |
| ===Contraindicated medications===
| |
| {{MedCondContrAbs
| |
|
| |
| |MedCond =Diarrhea|Ethacrynic acid}}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| Line 5,239: |
Line 69: |
| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
|
| |
| [[Category:Primary care]]
| |
| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Needs overview]]
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Pathophysiology prev=== | | ===Pathophysiology prev=== |
| Line 5,294: |
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| ===Image and text to the right=== | | ===Image and text to the right=== |
|
| |
|
| <figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline>[[File:Global distribution of leptospirosis.jpg|577x577px]]</figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline> Recent out break of leptospirosis is reported in Bronx, New York and found 3 cases in the months January and February, 2017. | | <figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline>[[File:Global distribution of leptospirosis.jpg|577x577px]]</figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline> Recent out break of leptospirosis is reported in Bronx, New York and found 3 cases in the months January and February, 2017. |
|
| |
|
| ===Gallery=== | | ===Gallery=== |
| Line 5,309: |
Line 134: |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
|
| |
| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
| |
| [[Category:Hepatology]]
| |
| [[Category:Disease]]
| |
|
| |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| Line 5,320: |
Line 140: |
| REFERENCES | | REFERENCES |
| <references /> | | <references /> |
| | |
| | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
| | [[Category:Needs overview]] |
| | [[Category:Hepatology]] |
| | [[Category:Disease]] |
</figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline> Recent out break of leptospirosis is reported in Bronx, New York and found 3 cases in the months January and February, 2017.
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/images/2/2f/Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_2.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Chromogranin A immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/images/a/a3/Pancreatic_insulinoma_histopathology_3.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Insulin immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/images/d/d5/Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_4.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/index.php/File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_2.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Chromogranin A immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/index.php/File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_histopathology_3.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Insulin immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/index.php/File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_4.JPG)