Salivary gland tumor classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]}Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Salivary gland tumor may be classified according to the World Health Organization into five groups: malignant epithelial tumors, benign epithelial tumors, soft tissue tumors, hematolymphoid tumors, and secondary tumors.[1]
Classification
The parotid gland is the most frequent site of salivary gland tumors which accounts for approximately 80 to 85 percent of these tumors.[2][3] About 75 percent of parotid lesions are benign and approximately 25 percent are malignant.[4] Less frequently, salivary gland tumors originate in the sublingual, submandibular, and minor salivary glands, which are located throughout the submucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract and mouth.[5]
- In comparison to tumors arising in the parotid, 70 to 90 percent of sublingual gland tumors, 50 to 75 percent of minor salivary gland tumors, and 40 to 45 percent of submandibular gland tumors are malignant. Approximately 85% of salivary gland tumors occur in the parotid glands, followed by the minor salivary glands and submandibular, and about 1% occur in the sublingual glands. Overall approximately 80% of all parotid masses are benign.[6]
- Histologically, pleomorphic adenoma is the most common type of benign salivary gland tumor, which comprises about half of all salivary tumors. Other rarer benign salivary gland tumors include basal cell adenoma, Warthin tumor, and canalicular adenoma. The most common malignant salivary gland tumors are adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, which together constitute approximately one-half of all malignant salivary gland tumors.
Due to diverse nature of salivary gland neoplasms, many different terms and classification systems have been used. Currently, the system proposed by the World Health Organization in 2004, which classifies salivary neoplasms as primary or secondary, benign or malignant, and also by tissue of origin is the most widely used system. This system defines five broad categories of salivary gland neoplasms:[1]
Malignant epithelial tumors
- Acinic cell carcinoma
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma
- Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma
- Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
- Clear cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified
- Basal cell adenocarcinoma
- Sebaceous carcinoma
- Sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma
- Cystadenocarcinoma
- Low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma
- Mucinous adenocarcinoma
- Oncocytic carcinoma
- Salivary duct carcinoma
- Salivary duct carcinoma, not otherwise specified
- Adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified
- Myoepithelial carcinoma
- Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
- Carcinosarcoma
- Metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Large cell carcinoma
- Lymphoepithelial carcinoma
- Sialoblastoma
Benign epithelial tumors
- Pleomorphic adenoma
- Myoepithelioma
- Basal cell adenoma
- Warthin's tumor
- Oncocytoma
- Canalicular adenoma
- Lymphadenoma
- Sebaceous lymphadenoma
- Nonsebaceous lymphadenoma
- Ductal papilloma
- Inverted ductal papilloma
- Intraductal papilloma
- Sialadenoma papilliferum
- Cystadenoma
Soft tissue tumors
Hematolymphoid tumors
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma
Secondary tumors
Secondary tumor is a tumor which has metastasized to the salivary gland from a distant location.
Tumors not included in the WHO classification above, include:
- Intraosseous (central) salivary gland tumors
- Hybrid tumors
- Hybrid tumor is a tumor displaying combined forms of histologic tumor types.
- Hybrid carcinoma
- Others
- Others
- Keratocystoma
- Sialolipoma
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Salivary gland neoplasm. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary_gland_neoplasm Accessed on November 8, 2015
- ↑ Barnes, Leon. Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumours. Lyon: IARC Press, 2005. Print.
- ↑ Marco Guzzo, Laura D. Locati, Franz J. Prott, Gemma Gatta, Mark McGurk & Lisa Licitra (2010). "Major and minor salivary gland tumors". Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 74 (2): 134–148. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.10.004. PMID 019939701. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ R. H. Spiro (1986). "Salivary neoplasms: overview of a 35-year experience with 2,807 patients". Head & neck surgery. 8 (3): 177–184. PMID 03744850. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Marco Guzzo, Laura D. Locati, Franz J. Prott, Gemma Gatta, Mark McGurk & Lisa Licitra (2010). "Major and minor salivary gland tumors". Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 74 (2): 134–148. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.10.004. PMID 019939701. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Salivary gland tumors. Radiopedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/salivary-gland-tumours Accessed on November 8, 2015