Respiratory acidosis resident survival guide
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Qasim Khurshid.M.B.B.S
Overview
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Sedative overdose (eg, narcotic or benzodiazepine, some anesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants)
- Epiglottitis
- Foreign body aspiration
- Angioedema
- Pulmonary embolism (usually severe)
- Respiratory muscle fatigue
- Periodic paralysis
- Phrenic nerve injury
- Organophosphates poisoning
- Procainamide toxicity
Common Causes
- Sedative overdose (eg, narcotic or benzodiazepine, some anesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants)
- Encephalitis
- Brainstem disease
- Central and obstructive sleep apnea
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Dynamic hyperinflation (eg, upper and lower airway disorders including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma)
- Endstage interstitial lung disease
- Pulmonary embolism (usually severe)
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Foreign body aspiration
- Retropharyngeal disorders
- Obstructive goiter
- Vocal cord paralysis
- Hypophosphatemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Tetanus
- Botulism
- Succinylcholine and neuromuscular blockade
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
| Suspected acid base disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acidemia pH<7.35 | Normal pH | Alkalemia pH>7.45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metabolic acidosis HCO3<24mmol/L CO2:HCO3 12:10 | Respiratory acidosis pCO2>40mmHg | Metabolic alkylosis HCO3>28mmol/L CO2:HCO3 7:10 | Respiratory alkylosis pCO2<35mmHg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.